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Su24 > Lab Summary Qu- Final > Flashcards

Lab Summary Qu- Final Flashcards

1
Q

What are the distingushing characteristic(s) of interphase?,

A

high metabolic rate

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2
Q

What are the distingushing characteristic(s) of prophase

A

centrioles seperate to pole

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3
Q

What are the distingushing characteristic(s) of metaphase

A

align on metaphase plate

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4
Q

What are the distingushing characteristic(s) of anaphase

A

elongation begins

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5
Q

What are the distingushing characteristic(s) of telophase

A

envelope + nucleious begin to reform

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6
Q

During which phases is the nuclear envelope observed

A

telophase and interphase

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7
Q

During which phases are DNA copies observed

A

interphase

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8
Q

During which phase is a mitotic spindle observed

A

prophase

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9
Q

during which phase are there visible chromosomes

A

prophase

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10
Q

During which phases are centrioles observed

A

prohase/metaphase

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11
Q

During which phase is a cleavage furrow visible

A

telophase

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12
Q

when does cytokinesis begin

A

anaphase

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13
Q

how many centrosomes are present in metaphase

A

2

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14
Q

How many chromosomes are in each step of mitosis

A

Inter: 46
Pro: 46
Meta: 46
Ana: 92
Telo: 92
Daugthers: 46

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15
Q

what phase has the longest duration and how did you determine it

A

interphase, the most amount of cells are in this phase

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16
Q

Which phase has the shortest duration and explain how you determine this? why is this the shortest

A

Metaphase, least amt of cells in phase, not alot of things required

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17
Q

Name 3 types of animal body cells that do not divide

A

Neurons, RBC, and heart

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18
Q

3 reasons cells undergo mitosis

A

growth/Development, replcate cells, asexual reproduciton

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19
Q

Explain why colchicine is used when creating a karyotype

A

posions mitotic spindle

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20
Q

Name the human condition that happens when there is an extra chromosome. how many chromosomes will the zygote have.

A

Trisomy 21, Downs, 47 chrom

21
Q

What is the outcome of nondisjunction for one pair of homologous chromosomes during meiosis I. Whill an moral gametes result?

A

All would be abnormal, 3,3,1,1

22
Q

What is the outcome of nondisjunction for one pair of homologous chromosomes during meiosis II. Whill an moral gametes result?

A

Half would be normal, half would be abnormal, 2,2,3,1

23
Q

Explain wy having too many or too few normal genes might create a disorder?

A

disrupts normal cellular processes, leading to various genetic disorders

24
Q

The strawberry cell has seven octoploid chromosomes per cell. how many chroms does it have per cell

A

56

25
Q

Describe the sequence of steps used in DNA extraction to extract and isolate DNA fro strawberry cells

A

Mix and strain solution and then add soap, rest, then add tenderizer, rest, add alcohol, rest, swab DNA

26
Q

The cell wall of plant cells is tough and must be disrupted during the DNA isolation procedure. How did we disrupt it?

A

Blender

27
Q

How does detergent facilitate the extraction of DNA from eukaryotic cells

A

it disrupts the lipid bilayer of the nulcear membrane

28
Q

Nucleic acids form a solid precipiate wen place into cold alcohol. Desrcribe how this property of nucleic acids can be used in the extraction of DNA/RNA

A

it allows it to rise to the top so it is easily accessible

29
Q

What is the complementary mRNA stand to the DNA Strand ACCTGTACGTGCA

A

UGGACAUGCACGU

30
Q

What are anticodons

A

Anticodons are the first three amino acids on a tRNA strand, or the opposite letters from the codon. Complementary to codon strand.

31
Q

List the amino acid sequence specified by the DNA strand utilized in exercise 16

A

Val-gly-lle

32
Q

List some general functions of proteins

A

Structure, enzymes, transport, and defense.

33
Q

name the basic unit (monomer) of a protein

A

Amino acid

34
Q

What is the number of different amino acids common to most living organism

A

20

35
Q

What are some structural differences btw DNA and RNA

A

DNA is 2 strands, RNA is 1. DNA is deoxyribose, RNA is oxyribose. DNA has thymine, RNA has uracil.

36
Q

were in the cell is mRNA transcribed in animal cells

A

mRNA is transcribed in the nucleus

37
Q

Where in the cell does translation occur in plant cells

A

On ribosomes in the cytoplasm

38
Q

Before incubating the samples, were there any visible changes to the contents of the tubes containing the DNA samples? What about after the restriction digest

A

No, there were no visible changes before. There was still no difference after adding the enzyme or the loading dye.

39
Q

Is it possible to see the DNA fragments after incubation? how can you test that they are there?

A

no, you must inspect it under a UV light

40
Q

the electrophoresis chamber creates an electrical field, with a positive and negative charge at either end of the gel. To which end of the gel would you expect DNA to migrate? WHy?

A

because it is negative charged, when an electric current it applied, you can expect DNA to migrate towards the postivie end

41
Q

Which color electrical lead represents the positive pole? negitive?

A

Red is positive, blue is negative.

42
Q

What do you think would happen if the electrical leads were plugged in the wrong way? (pos to neg)

A

Then there would be electric shocks

43
Q

Which fragment (large or small)would travel the longest distance from the well? explain.

A

Smallest molecules because there is less friction between them and the gels as they travel.

44
Q

What can you assume is within each band

A

DNA

45
Q

What caused the DNA to become fragmented

A

The restriction enzymes that hydrolyze (cut) the DNA at specific nucleotide sequences. The line represents the bonds that are broken by the enzyme.

46
Q

Based on your analysis of the electrophoresis data, which ‘suspect’ is most likely tied to the crime scene

A

Suspect number 2, because the breaks are identical to the crime scene.

47
Q

Other than in forensic analysis an paternity testing, what are 3 other applications of restriction digest or gell electrophoresis

A

Genetic disorder testing, organism identification, and virus comparison

48
Q

What sequence did EcoRI cut the DNA at?

A

GAATTC

49
Q

What sequence did PstI cut the DNA at?

A

CTGCAG

Su24 (20 decks)

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