Bio Ch 2 Flashcards
Is air matter,
TRUE
what charge does proton, neutron, and electrons have
Proton: Positive Neutron: Neutral Electron: Negitive
if an atom has an atomic number of 6, how many protons would it have?,
6
What atom has 8 protons,
Oxygen
Which of the following are cations: Na+, Ca2+, Cl-, HCO3-, An atom has lost electrons, an atom that has gained electrons, carbon,
Na+, Ca2+, An atom that has lost electrons
If an atom has 8 electrons, how many would be found on each shelll?,
2 electrons in the first shell and 6 electrons in the outermost shell
If an atom has 10 electrons, it would have ___ electrons in the valance shell,
8
Identify the cation in the following HCL,
H+
Identify the anion in K3PO4,
PO4(3-)
Is C6H12O6 polar or nonpolar,
polar
Is C24H48 polar or nonpolar,
nonpolar
Are fat, lipids, and waxes polar or nonpolar,
nonpolar
Are compounds with alot of o & n polar or nonpolar,
polar
Are polar or nonpolar compounds dissolvable in water,
polar
Are amino acids and proteins polar or nonpolar,
polar
Is sugar polar or non-polar,
polar
is water polar or nonpolar,
polar
Are solutions dissolvable in oil polar or nonpolar,
nonpolar
Are compounds with alot of C & H polar or nonpolar,
Nonpolar
What of the following are Polar; O=O, H2O, C-C, Fat, Sugar, O2
O=O, C-C, Fat, O2
Are hydrogen bonds weak/short-term or strong /long-term,
weak, short-term
What is cohesion,
The ability for water to stick (hydrogen bond) to other water molecules
What is adhesion,
The ability for water to stick (hydrogen bond) to other molecules
What is surface tension,
hydrogen bonding makes it difficult to break through the surface of water
It requires a high _____ to change the temperature of water,
Specific heat
It takes a long time to boil water (change it from liquid to gas) because it has a high _____.,
heat of vaporization
What is the product in the equation: ADP + P –> ATP,
ATP
what is the reactant in the equation: C6H12O6 + O2 -> H2O + CO2 + ATP,
C6H12O6 + O2
A liquid with a pH of 2 has _____ times _____ H+ than a liquid with a pH of 3,
10x more
Which solution has more Hydrogen Ions; one with a pH of 2 or a pH of 12,
2
Human tears have a pH of 6; is it acidic or basic,
acidic
As pH increases, does H+ concentration increase or decrease,
decrease
what is a pH of 10 compared to pH of 7,
1000x more basic
Would we expect a lipid like cholesterol to dissolve easily in blood since it is mostly made of water,
No
Does NaCl dissolve in water,
yes
Does adding a base such as sodium hydroxide lower the pH of milk?,
no
How is an isotope formed?,
gaining or loosing neutrons
Do nonpolar bonds form when 2 atoms have different electronegativites?,
no; nonpolar have the same electronegativites
Where are protons found in an atom,
nucleus
where are neutrons found in an atom,
nucleus
Where are electrons found in an atom,
electron cloud
What 4 atoms make up the majority of molecules found in an organism,
C, H, O, N
Is magnesium a trace element?,
no
What is responsible for an atom’s characteristics and abiltiy to form bonds,
the position of the electrons
The lower the pH, the ____ H+,
more (inverse relation)
what is the pH of blood and is it acidic, neutral, or basic,
7.00, neutral
what would happen if the pH of blood went outside of the 7.35-7.45 range,
it would denature
the enzyme, amylase, works best at a pH of 6.5 but denatures in acidic environments. would we expect it to denature at a pH of 3?,
yes
Carbon 14 has 2 extra neutrons, is it considered radioactive?,
yes
Do polar molecules have an equal distribution of charge,
no
t/f: An overproduction of acid in the stomach can lead to a “tummy ache.” It makes sense that a medication containing bicarbonate would be given to someone with this condition.,
TRUE
What is the atomic mass of oxygen which has 8 protons and 8 neutrons,
16
All elements are trace elements excpet _, _, _, _,
C H O N
What difference is there between organic and inorganic compounds?,
All organic compounds have carbon
How can you tell something radioactive?
it has extra neutrons
How is oxygen imporant to the body,
Vital for cellular respiration
How is carbon important to the body,
Building block of organic molecule, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, & nucleic acids
Are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids organic or inorganic?,
orgainic
How is Hydrogen important to the body,
Key component of water which is a significant portion of the body
how is nitrogen important to the body,
Crucial component of amino acids, the building blocks of proteins
If an atom has an atomic mass of 12 and atomic number of 6 how many protons, neutrons, and electrons does it have? and what is its net charge,
6 p, 6 n, 6 e, no charge
What are valence electrons,
Electrons located in the outermost energy shell of an atom, which determine the atoms reactivity
Is carbon (6) reactive,
yes
Is helium (2) reactive,
no
Is Sodium (11) reactive,
yes
Is Chloride (17) Reactive,
yes
Is Boron (5) reactive,
yes
What changes in isotopes?
number of neutrons
Is O=O polar or nonpolar,
nonpolar
Is C(6)-H(1) polar or nonpolar,
Nonpolar
Are fats polar or nonpolar,
Nonpolar
Are sugars polar or nonpolar,
polar
Is C-C polar or nonpolar,
nonpolar
Is C(6)O2(8) polar or nonpolar,
Nonpolar
Is H2(1)O(8) polar or nonpolar,
polar
Is C(6)H4(1) polar or nonpolar,
Nonpolar
Is N(7)H2(1) polar or nonpolar,
Polar
Does a cation lose or gain electrons? charge? which is the cation in NaCl,
Lose, +, Na
Does an anion lose or gain electrons? charge? which is the anion in NaCl,
Gain, -, Cl
Acid has ______ H+ and ____ OH- causing a ______ pH scale,
More; less; lower
Bases have ______ H+ and ____ OH- causing a ______ pH scale,
Less, more; higher
How would adding a buffer bring a soultions pH up?,
The OH- in th ebase would remove the H+ from the solution, increasing the pH
Define a chemical element,
A substance that can be broken down into simpler substances via chemical processes
what 4 elements make up 96% of the human body?,
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
What is the difference btw an element and a compound,
A compound is a mixture of elements, elements are made of atoms
what makes up atoms,
Protons, Neutrons, Electrons
Explain the processes that result in chemical reaction,
chemical bonds break & the atoms separate & rearrange themselves into new substances w/ new chimcal bonds
What is atomic mass,
Protons + neutrons
What are the 3 types of chemical bonds, how do they form, and how strong are they,
covalent: strongest, sharing of electrons Ionic: give/take electrons Hydrogen: weakest, bond of hydrogen atoms
How is the attraction of electrons related to the polar covalent bonds in water,
Hydrogen is positive and the oxygen is negitive which is why water molecules can bond with other water molecules
What is an aqueous soultion? what is a solvent and solute?,
Aqueous: water solution Solvent: dissolving agent Solute: Substance dissolving
What is a pH buffer and how does it work,
A soultion of weak acid & base that resists a change in pH following addition of small amounts of a strong base. A buffer can Accept H+ if its pH gets low (weak base role) or donate H+ if the pH gets high (weak acid role)
Further the shell from the center, ____ the pull
greater
In each shell, electrons are orgainized into _______. There are __ in the first shell and __ in every shell after
orbitals; 2; 4
What is electronegativity
an atoms attraction for shared electrons
Does H have a strong or weak electronegativity
weak
Does N(7) have a strong or weak electronegaitvity
strong
Bonds with __ & __ are usually nonpolar
C & H
Bonds with __ & __ are usually polar
O & N
define endothermic
heat is absorbed to break H bonds
Define Exothermic
Heat is released to form H bonds
Acid ____ H+ Ions
donates
Base ____ H+ ions
accepts
