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Su24 > Lab mid: terminology > Flashcards

Lab mid: terminology Flashcards

1
Q

Surface Tension,

A

Measure of difficulty breaking through the film that forms on the surface of a drop or pond of water. Hydrogen bonds are responsible for this.

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2
Q

Hydrogen

A

Atomic number of 1. Used in covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds. Has a low affinity for electrons.

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3
Q

Oxygen

A

Attracts shared electrons more strongly than hydrogen. Used in covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds. Atomic # of 8

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4
Q

Hydrogen Bonding

A

A weak bond between water molecyles that gives water unique properties.

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5
Q

Control

A

The variable used as a base, variable with no changes to it.

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6
Q

Independent Variable

A

The variable that is changed in the experiment.

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7
Q

Dependent Variable

A

The variable that is dependent on the change, the outcome.

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8
Q

pH

A

A measure of acidity or basicness to a solution. How many H+ or OH- molecules are in a solution.

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9
Q

H+

A

The more H+ in a solution, the more acidic it is.

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10
Q

OH-

A

The more OH- in a solution, the more basic it is.

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11
Q

Homeostasis

A

Maintaining stability.

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12
Q

Buffer

A

A solution used to maintain pH at a constant value.

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13
Q

Acid/Conjugate Base

A

Base that is formed when an acid loses its H+.

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14
Q

Benedict’s Reagent

A

Testing for simple sugars or monosaccharides. Blue = negative, reddish orange = positive. Greenish = weak positive

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15
Q

Biuret’s Reagent

A

Testing for peptide bonds in proteins. Light Blue = negative, Dark purple = positive

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16
Q

Iodine-potassium Iodine

A

Detects larger carbohydrates called starches. Amber/Dark Brown = Negative, Black/Blue = Positive

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17
Q

Sudan IV Solution

A

Detects presence of lipids. Yellow-pink = negative, Strong red = positive.

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18
Q

Potato Flake Solution

A

Solution used to test Benedict’s and Iodine-Potassiumiodine

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19
Q

Honey Water

A

Solution used to test Benedict’s solution

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20
Q

Water

A

Used as a control to test all solutions.

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21
Q

Sucrose Solution

A

Solution used to test Benedict’s and Iodine-Potassiumiodine

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22
Q

Disposable Pipettes

A

Disposable plastic pipettes used in different solutions so there is no cross contamination.

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23
Q

Glucose Solution

A

Used in Benedict’s, Iodine-Potassiumiodine, and Sudan IV

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24
Q

Grease Pencil or Marker

A

Used for marking test tubes and microscope slides.

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25
Q

(12) 15 mL glass test tubes

A

Test tubes used for experiments.

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26
Q

Albumin Solution

A

Used in Biuret’s

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27
Q

Starch Solution

A

Used in Biuret’s

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28
Q

Test Tube Rack

A

A metal rack that holds all of the test tubes used in an experiment.

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29
Q

Total Magnification

A

The highest magnification power of the objective lenses.. White 100x = 1000x Magnification Power.

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30
Q

Resolving Power

A

The resolving power of an objective lens is measured by its ability to differentiate two lines or points in an object

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31
Q

Parfocal

A

When the object remains in focus when you switch to another power lense.

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32
Q

Field of View

A

Portion of the slide when is visible when looking through the microscope.

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33
Q

Nucleus (Including Chromatin, Nuclear Envelope, and Nuclear Pores)

A

Chromatin: how DNA is stored when the cell is not dividing.
Envelope: The doble phospholipid bilayer.
Pores: Embedded in the envelope and allow for substances to leave the nucleus.

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34
Q

Nucleolus

A

Where ribosomes and mRNA are made.

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35
Q

rER

A

Where proteins are sorted and packaged to transport to the golgi.

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36
Q

sER

A

Produces lipids, detoxifies, and stores calcium.

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37
Q

Central Vacuole

A

In PLANT CELLS. Where they store food, water, waste, proteins, sugars, ect. We don’t need this because we are constantly eating.

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38
Q

Lysosome

A

Contain digestive enzymes to break down cell waste and decomposed parts.

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39
Q

Free and Fixed Ribosomes

A

Free ribosomes are in the cell and make products that are used in the cell, fixed ribosomes are on the rER and make proteins to be sent and used outside of the cell.

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40
Q

Mitochondrion

A

The site of cellular respiration.

41
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

Where proteins are further sorted and packaged to go to their final destinations inside or outside of the cell. Recieving end is the trans face and shipping end is the cis face.

42
Q

Centrosome with Centrioles

A

Centrosome contains a pair of centrioles and it is called the ‘microtubule organizing center’. They organize microtubules and act as anchor points to give an axis to the cell. In a dividing cell, they guide things to where they need to be.

43
Q

Peroxisome

A

Produce H2O2 and break it down with catalase.

44
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules. Anchoring, movement, and structure for cell.

45
Q

Cell Wall

A

Plant and bacteria cells. Act as structural and protection for the cells.

46
Q

Plasma Membrane

A

On all cells, holds in cytoplasm. Allows for proteins, sugars, lipids to travel in and out of the cell with active or passive transport.

47
Q

Cytoplasm/Cytosol

A

Jelly like solution inside the cell that the organelles sit in.

48
Q

Bacteria

A

Type of PROKARYOTIC cell.

49
Q

Nucleoid

A

Region in a bacteria cell where DNA is stored.

50
Q

Staphlo-

A

Clusters

51
Q

Strepto-

A

Chain

52
Q

Bacillus (pl. Bacilli)

A

Rod

53
Q

Coccus (pl. Cocci)

A

Round

54
Q

Gram Positive

A

Means it has a cell wall of up to 90% peptidoglycan. Will remain purple.

55
Q

Gram Negative

A

Have only about 20% peptidoglycan and a second membrane composed of phospholipids called lipopolysaccharide. This will wear down from the alcohol and cause the bacteria to be stained pink/red.

56
Q

Peptidoglycon

A

Wall layer around bacteria cells, meshwork of proteins and carbohydrates.

57
Q

Lipopolysaccharide

A

2nd outer layer of gram negative bacteria. Composed of fats and sugars.

58
Q

Crystal Violet

A

1st stain in gram stain test.

59
Q

Mordant Iodine

A

2nd stain in gram stain test.

60
Q

Decolorizer

A

3rd stain in gram stain test. Contains alcohol which breaks the outer membrane of gram negative bacteria.

61
Q

Safranin

A

4th stain in gram stain test.

62
Q

Microorganism

A

Organisms of microscopic size.

63
Q

Cell Wall

A

On plant and bacteria cells.

64
Q

Aseptic Technique

A

Method involving procedures under controlled conditions to reduce contamination.

65
Q

Homeostasis

A

Stability within the cell.

66
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Substance inside a cell that organelles sit in.

67
Q

Interstitial Fluid/Interstitum

A

Fluid found in spaces around cells.

68
Q

Phospholipid Bilayer

A

The structure of the plasma membrane and many other organelles.

69
Q

Inorganic

A

Not containing carbon

70
Q

Organic

A

All compounds containing carbon.

71
Q

Semipermiable

A

Only certain molecules can pass.

72
Q

Concentration Gradient

A

The difference in the amount of a particular substance inside and outside of a cell.

73
Q

Equilibrium

A

Equal amounts of substance inside and out of a cell.

74
Q

Diffusion

A

Movement of substances down the gradient from high concentration to low. Passive transport.

75
Q

Osmosis

A

Movement of water down its concentration gradient across the membrane.

76
Q

Isotonic

A

Extracellular solution is the SAME concentration as the cytoplasm.

77
Q

Hypertonic

A

Extracellular solution is MORE concentrated than the cytoplasm.

78
Q

Hypotonic

A

Extracellular solution is LESS concentrated than the cytoplasm.

79
Q

Hemolysis

A

When an animal cell swells and bursts from a hypotonic solution.

80
Q

Crenation

A

When an animal cell shrivles from a hypertonic solution.

81
Q

Enzyme

A

Catalysts for chemical reactions, lower activation energy.

82
Q

Catalyst

A

They increase the rate of chemical reactions.

83
Q

Activation Energy

A

The initial energy input. The ‘barrier’ is high without an enzyme.

84
Q

Reactant

A

A chemical substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction, and is changed as the chemical reaction proceeds

85
Q

Product

A

The outcome of the chemical reaction.

86
Q

Substrate

A

Reactants that lock into active sites of an enzyme.

87
Q

Denature

A

The unfolding or breaking up of a protein due to things like pH change, temperature change, and salt concentration.

88
Q

Fermentation

A

Anaerobic respiration.

89
Q

Cellular Respiration

A

Aerobic respiration.

90
Q

Aerobic

A

With oxygen.

91
Q

Anaerobic

A

Without oxygen.

92
Q

ATP

A

Adenosine Triphosphate, the energy currency of the cell.

93
Q

Pyruvic Acid

A

Supplies energy to cells through the citric acid cycle when oxygen is present.

94
Q

Acetyl-CoA

A

CoA (Coenzyme A) can carry an acetyl group, a breakdown product of glucose, to form Acetyl-CoA

95
Q

Krebs Cycle

A

The process in which pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions.

96
Q

Glycolysis

A

A glucose-catabolizing process that releases enough free energy to drive ATP synthesis.

97
Q

Electron Transport Chain

A

A sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP.

98
Q

Chemiosmosis

A

The movement of ions across a selectively permeable membrane, similar to osmosis of water.

Su24 (20 decks)

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