Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology > Test 1 questions > Flashcards

Test 1 questions Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How many layers of gram-positive vs gram-negative

A

Positive: one
Negative: two

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Chemical composition of Gram-Positive

A

peptidoglycan
teichoic acid
lipoteichoic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

chemical composition of gram-negative

A

lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
lipoprotein
peptidoglycan
porin proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

thick vs thin on gram - and + cell

A

+: thicker (20-80 nm)
-:thinner (8-11 nm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

+/- outer membrane?

A

+: no
-:yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

+/- periplasmic space

A

+: narrow
-: extensive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

+/- permeability

A

+: more penetrable
-: less penetrable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what cells could be unicellular, colonial or multicellular

A

fungi and algae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what cells have multicellular cells except in reproductive stages

A

helminths and anthropods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

genetic engineering (and ex)

A

manipulating the genes of organisms to make new products

bananas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what cells are unicellular and a few colonial

A

protozoa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

environmental microbiology

A

how microbes adapt and modify to the enviornment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

biotechnology ( and ex of production)

A

use of living organisms to solve a mans problem

beer, bread and wine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what kind of particles are viruses composed of

A

parasitic particles composed of nucleic acid and proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

microbial dimensions

A

1 meter = 100 millimeters
1 millimeter = 1000 micrometers
I micrometer = 1000 nanometers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

bioremediation (and ex)

A

using living organisms to remedy an environmental problem

cleanup of bodily fluids without the use of chemicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

infections per year

A

2,000 cause diseases
10 B new infections
13 M deaths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Prominent discoveries of Microbiology

A

microscopy
scientific method
development of medical microbiology
microbiology techniques

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What did John Tyndall and Ferdinand Cohn discover

A

presence of heat resistant forms of microbes and sterility requires the elimination of all life forms including endospores and viruses

Cohn: determined those to be endospores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes

A

Observed that mothers of home births had fewer infections than those who gave birth at the hospital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Dr. ignaz Semmelweis

A

correlated infections with physicians coming directly from the autopsy room to the maternity ward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Joseph Lister

A

introduced aseptic techniques to prevent wound infections using sterilization

23
Q

Germ Theory

A

many diseases are caused by the microbes in the body and not by sins, bad character or sins

24
Q

pasteurization

A

use of heat to eliminate pathogens

25
Q

Robert Koch

A

developed pure culture methods

TB anthrax and Cholera

26
Q

binomial nomenclature

A

genus (capitalized) and species (lowercase)

27
Q

Phylogeny

A

natural relatedness between groups of organisms

28
Q

Bright-field

A

most commonly used
best used with stained specimens

29
Q

dark-field

A

used for live and unstained specimens

30
Q

phase-contrast

A

transforms subtle changes in light waves passing through the specimen into differences in light intensity
best for observing intracellular structures, live and unstained

31
Q

fluorescence microscope

A

illuminated with ultraviolet light
used to “paint” specific cell types or structures

32
Q

scanning confocal microscope

A

uses laser beam to scan specimen

33
Q

electron microscopy

A

beam of electrons
magnificaiton is between 5,000X and 1,000,000X

34
Q

TEM - transmission electron microscope

A

transmit electrons through specimen

35
Q

SEM: scanning electron microscope

A

3-D view
constructs image and does math to determine where electron bounced off of

36
Q

6 I’s

A

Inoculation
Isolation
Incubation
Inspection
Information gathering
Identification

37
Q

ways to identify a microbe

A

colony morphology
biochemical tests
DNA sequence
Immunological tests

38
Q

Synthetic vs Complex chemical composition

A

Synthetic: Chemical defined
Complex: Chemically undefined

39
Q

What is a cell

A

most basic unit of life that contains
-cytoplasm
-DNA or RNA
-ribosomes
-proteins

40
Q

2 major groups of appendages based on primary function

A

1- motility: flagella and axial filaments

2- attatchment/channels: fimbriae and pili

41
Q

parts of a flagella

A

filament

hook

basal body

42
Q

functions of a gram-positive wall

A

cell wall maintenance and enlargement during cell division
movement of cations, across the cell envelope

43
Q

gram-negative functions

A

receptors and blocking immune response
regulate molecules entering and leaving the cell by the porin proteins in the outer membrane

44
Q

inclusions and granules

A

intracellular storage bodies
Inclusions: organic material
Granules: inorganic material

45
Q

Endospores are produced by what?

A

Clostridium, Bacillus, and Sporosarcina

46
Q

coccobacillus

A

very short, plump. egg-shape

47
Q

Vibrio

A

gently curved

48
Q

serological analysis

A

antibodies used to identify “breeds” of organisms

49
Q

Species

A

collection of bacterial cells that share an overall similar pattern of traits

50
Q

Strain/Variety

A

culture derived form a single parent that differs in structure or metabolism from other cultures of that species

51
Q

type

A

subspecies that can show differences in antigenic makeup, susceptibility to bacterial viruses and in pathogenicity

52
Q

Phylum Proteobacteria

A

gram-negative cell walls
bacteria

53
Q

Pylum firmicutes

A

mainly gram-positive with low G+C content
(high A+T)

54
Q

Phylum actinobacteria

A

gram-positive with high G+C
(low A+T)

Microbiology (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions