Lab 3 questions

Question 1

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 1

fungi
algae
protozoa
helminths

Question 2

Macroscopic fungi

Answer 2

mushrooms, puffballs, gill fungi

Question 3

microscopic fungi

Answer 3

molds, yeast

Question 4

yeast

Answer 4

single celled
ovoid
asexual budding

Question 5

two fungi morphologies

Answer 5

yeast and hyphae

Question 6

dimorphic

Answer 6

some pathogenic molds that can be yeast and hyphae

Question 7

Hyphae

Answer 7

mycelium = mass of hyphae
cottony, hairy or velvety texture
divided by cross walls called septa
long filaments

Question 8

vegetative hyphae

Answer 8

digest and absorb nutrients

Question 9

reproductive hyphae

Answer 9

produce spores for reproduction

Question 10

fungal nutrition

Answer 10

heterotrophic decomposers
saprobes (live off dead organisms)
mycosis (fungal infection)
extremely widespread

Question 11

roles of fungi

Answer 11

adverse impacts
- destruction of crops and food storages
beneficial impacts
- decompose dead plants and animals
- sources of antibiotics, alcohol, organic acids, vitamins
- making foods and genetic studies

Question 12

Identify by

Answer 12

• hyphal type
• colony texture and pigmentation
• physiological characteristics
• genetic makeup
• asexual spore forming structures and spores

Question 13

Algae

Answer 13

-cell wall = cellulose
- photosynthetic organims
-microscopic = unicellular, colonial, or filamentous
- macroscopic = colonial and multicellular
- may or may not have flagella
- basis of food web in aquatic
-large proportion of atmospheric O2
-red tides : powerful toxins that cause food poisoning with neurological symptoms

Question 14

Protozoa

Answer 14

• lack a cell wall
• unicellular, colonials are rare
• harmless free living
• heterotrophic - lack chloroplasts
• cytoplasm divided into ectoplasm and endoplasm
• feed by engulfing other microbes and organic matter
• most have locomotor structures
• reproduce sexually = conjugation

Question 15

Trophozoite

Answer 15

protozoa motile feeding stage

Question 16

cyst

Answer 16

protozoa dormant resting stage

Question 17

Parasitic helminths

Answer 17

-multicellular
-use host tissues
- have mouthparts for attachment, or digestion
- some are monoecious/diecious
- fertilized eggs go through larval period in or out of host body

Question 18

Ascomycota

Answer 18

This group of fungi includes those whose spores are packaged in discrete sacs called asci (singular is “ascus”). For some species, each ascus contains the four products of a single meiosis event. This feature was extremely useful in dissecting the nature of genetic rearrangements and inheritance patterns

Question 19

Basidiomycota

Answer 19

Members of this group include the fleshy mushrooms, like you buy at the grocery store. The gills on the underside of the mushroom cap produce the sexual spores. The spores are released from tiny pedestals, called basidia (singular is “basidium”) that line the surfaces of the gills.

Question 20

Zygomycota

Answer 20

When members of this group mate, a unique and characteristic structure, called a zygote, is formed. The zygote then produces many zygospores that are released from fruiting bodies. One common member of this group is a common cause of mold on baked goods like bread. The fuzzy growth on the bread is the structure that releases the zygospores.

Question 21

Chytridomycota

Answer 21

This group of fungi produce spores that are flagellated. The worldwide mass die-off of amphibians and snakes is, in part, due to chytrid infections. White-nose syndrome that is decimating the world’s bat populations is also caused by a chytrid species.

Question 22

Ciliophora

Answer 22

Also known as the “Ciliates”, members of this group are motile due to the presence of cilia. These short but very numerous appendages act like tiny oars to propel the ciliate through the water. Ciliates are among the fastest microorganisms.

Question 23

Mastigophora

Answer 23

This group uses a flagellum, or several flagella, to swim, which leads to their trivial name of “Flagellates”.

Question 24

Sarcodina

Answer 24

The group Sarcodina contains the amoebae. These organisms travel using pseudopods, or “false feet”. The cells will start to bulge followed by the cytoplasm flowing into the bulge. As the process continues, the cell will ooze off in the direction of the bulge.

Question 25

Apicomplexa

Answer 25

The name of this group refers to a unique structure within the cell called an apicoplast. The apicoplast is a specialized organelle that is used to pierce host cells, allowing the protozoa to enter their host cells. Apicomplexa are nonmotile. The except to that rule is found with the sexual gametes of some species, which are flagellated.

Question 26

Nematoda

Answer 26

The roundworms are grouped into a single classification category called Nemtoda. While many nematodes are parasitic and cause significant diseases, some species are free-living.

Question 27

Cestoda

Answer 27

The Cestodes are a group of flatworm that have segmented bodies. Because of the flat and frequently very long bodies, the cestodes are commonly referred to as tapeworms.

Question 28

Trematoda

Answer 28

The other group of flatworms are the trematodes. Unlike the segmented cestodes, the trematodes have nonsegmented bodies. This group contains the flukes.

Question 29

Spirogyra

Answer 29

Charophyta

Question 30

Volvox

Answer 30

Charophyta

Question 31

Chondrus

Answer 31

Rhodophyta