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Microbiology > Ch 7 vocab > Flashcards

Ch 7 vocab Flashcards

1
Q

active transport

A

Nutrient transport method that requires carrier proteins in the membranes of the living cells and the expenditure of energy 

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2
Q

aerobe

A

A microorganism that lives in the presence of free gaseous oxygen 

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3
Q

aerotolerant anaerobe

A

refers to an organism that is anaerobic as it does not need oxygen to survive and thrive.

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4
Q

anaerobe

A

A microorganism that grows best or exclusively in the absence of oxygen, and that does not use oxygen and its metabolism 

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5
Q

antagonism

A

killing, injury or inhibition of growth of one species of microorganism by another when one organism adversely affects the environment of the other.

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6
Q

antibiosis

A

biological interaction between two or more organisms that is detrimental to at least one of them

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7
Q

autotroph

A

A micro organism that requires only inorganic nutrients, and who’s soul source of carbon is carbon dioxide 

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8
Q

barophiles

A

A microorganism that thrives under high pressure (usually hydrostatic)

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9
Q

binary fission

A

The formation of two new cells of approximately equal size as the result of parent cell division 

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10
Q

biofilms

A

A complex aggregate of interacting microbial cells that adhere to each other, and two surfaces, by means of a polysaccharide matrix. They permit communication among participants, which facilitates their survival an adaptation.

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11
Q

capnophiles

A

microorganisms that thrive in the presence of high concentrations of carbon dioxide

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12
Q

cardinal temperatures

A

Minimum and maximum temperatures that define limits of growth and development of an organism (may vary with the stage of development.)

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13
Q

chemautotrophs

A

An organism that relies upon an organic chemicals for its energy and carbon dioxide for its carbon; also called chemolithotroph

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14
Q

chemoheterotrophs

A

microbes that use organic chemical substances as sources of energy and organic compounds as the main source of carbon

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15
Q

chemostat

A

A growth chamber with an outflow that is equal to the continuous info of nutrient media. This study state growth device is used to study such events as cell division, mutation rates, and enzyme regulation. 

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16
Q

chemotrophs

A

An organism that oxidize compounds to feed on nutrients 

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17
Q

commensalism

A

An unequal relationship described as one member (a) deriving benefit from another member (B) without harming or benefiting (B) 

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18
Q

coulter counter

A
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19
Q

death phase

A

A dramatic downturn in numbers occurs due to lack of nutrition, adverse environmental factors, and accumulation of waste. A greater number of cells are dying in this phase

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20
Q

diffusion

A

The passive dispersal of molecules, ions, or microscopic particles propels down a concentration gradient by spontaneous, random motion to achieve a uniform distribution 

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21
Q

direct/total cell count

A

Counting total numbers of individual cells being viewed with magnification/counting, isolated colonies of organisms, growing on a plate of media as a way to determine population size 

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22
Q

endocytosis

A

The process, whereby solid and liquid materials are taken into the cell through membrane, invagination and engulfment into a vesicle 

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23
Q

essential nutrient

A

Any ingredient, such as a certain amino acid, fatty acid, vitamin or mineral that cannot be formed by an organism, and must be supplied in the diet; a growth factor 

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24
Q

exponential

A

Pertaining to the use of exponents, numbers that are typically written, as subscripts to indicate how many times a factor is to be multiplied 

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25
exponential phase
26
facilitated diffusion
The passive movement of a substance across the plasma, membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, utilizing specialized carrier proteins 
27
facultative anaerobe
microorganisms that can survive in the lack of free oxygen
28
generation/doubling time
Time required for complete vision cycle – from parent cell to two new daughter cells 
29
group translocation
A form of active transport, in which the substance being transported is altered during transfer across the plasma membrane 
30
growth curve
A graphical representation of the change in population size overtime. This graph has four periods, known as lag phase, exponential, or log phase, stationary phase, and death phase. 
31
growth factor
An organic compound, such as a vitamin or amino acid, that must be provided in the diet to facilitate growth. An essential nutrient. 
32
halophiles
A microbe that needs a high concentration of salt for growth, or one that tolerates high salt concentrations 
33
heterotroph
An organism that realize upon organic compounds for its carbon and energy needs 
34
hypertonic
A solution that, when, compared to a reference solution, has a higher concentration of solute and less water; placed opposite a hypotonic solution, it will cause water to diffuse more rapidly from the hypotonic solution, thus creating a greater osmotic pressure
35
hypotonic
A solution that, when compared with a reference solution, is less concentrated. (has more water and less solute). When I membrane is place between the solution in a hypertonic solution, the water will move from the hypotonic side to the hypertonic side at a higher rate
36
inducer molecules
Molecule that regulates gene expression
37
inorganic
Molecule that is composed of elements, other than the basic framework of carbon and hydrogen
38
isotonic
Solutions having the same asthmatic pressure, such that, when, separated by a semi-permeable membrane, show no net, movement of solvent, and either direction 
39
lag phase
The early phase of population growth, during which little sign of growth occurs. In this period that ready is the cells for the rapid expansions to come. 
40
lithoautotrophs
organism which derives energy from reactions of reduced compounds of mineral (inorganic) origin.
41
macronutrients
A chemical substance required in large quantities (phosphate, for example) 
42
maximum temperature
The highest temperature at which an organism will grow 
43
mesophiles
Micro organisms that grow at intermediate temperatures – usually between 20 and 40°C 
44
methanogens
Microbe that produces methane gas 
45
microaerophile
An aerobic bacterium that requires oxygen at a concentration less than that in the atmosphere 
46
minimum temperature
The lowest temperature at which an organism will grow 
47
mutualism
Organisms living in a close, mutually beneficial relationship 
48
niche
An organisms biological role in or contribution to its community 
49
nutrients
Any chemical substance that is acquired from the environment and use for metabolism and growth. Macro nutrients are required in large amounts and micro nutrients and small amounts. 
50
Nutrition 
nutrition the acquisition of chemical substances by a cell or organism for use as an energy source, or as building blocks of cellular structures
51
obligate aerobe
Cannot grow without oxygen 
52
obligate anaerobe
Cannot grow with oxygen/destroyed by oxygen 
53
obligate parasites
Survives, and only grows in the host 
54
optimum temperatures
The temperature at which a species shows the most rapid growth rate 
55
organic
Molecules that are structured with a basic framework of the elements, carbon and hydrogen 
56
osmosis
The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane and the directions towards lower water, concentration and higher solute concentration 
57
osmotolerant
osmolality range of the media that support bacterial survival and growth
58
parasites
Produces some degree of harm to the host 
59
parasitism
A close interaction, and which one organism lives on or within another organism, from which it obtains nutrients, and receives protection 
60
passive transport
nutrient transport method that follows basic physical laws and does not require direct energy input from the cell
61
pathogens
Any agent – usually a virus, bacterium, fungus, Prozoa, or helmet – that infects the body tissues, and causes disease 
62
pH
The symbol for the negative logarithm of the H ion concentration. A system for rating at acidity and alkalinity. 
63
phagocytosis
A type of endocytosis in which the cell membrane actively engulves large particles or cells into vegetables. A phagocyte is a cell specialized for doing this. 
64
photoautorophs
An organism that utilizes light for its energy and carbon dioxide, chiefly, for its carbon needs 
65
phototrophs
A microbe that uses sunlight for energy and CO2 as a carbon source 
66
pinocytosis
The engulfment, or endocytosis, of liquids by extensions of the cell membrane 
67
polymerase chain reaction
A technique that amplifies segments of DNA for testing. Using denaturation, primers, and heat resistant, DNA polymesse, the number can be increased several million fold. 
68
psychrophile
A micro organism that thrives at low temperatures (0 to 20°C) with a temperature optimum of 0 to 15°C 
69
quorum sensing
A phenomenon occurring among microbes in a bio film, in which the members signal each other, and coordinate their functions
70
saprobes
Microbe that decomposes organic remains from dead organisms
71
satellitism
phenomenon in which certain bacterial species grow more vigorously in the immediate vicinity of colonies of other unrelated species, owing to the production of an essential metabolite by the latter species.
72
saturation
The complete occupation of the active site of a carrier, protein, or enzyme by the substrate 
73
specificity
Limited to a single, precise, characteristic or action 
74
stationary phase
Survival mode in which cells either stop growing or grow very slowly and the population number evens out 
75
symbiosis
An intimate association between two or more individuals that are term symbiotts; is sometimes incorrectly as a synonym for mutualism 
76
synergism
The coordinated or correlated action by two or more drugs, or microbes, that result in a heightened response, or greater activity 
77
thermophile
A microorganism that thrives at temperatures between 50 and 80°C 
78
trace elements
Micro nutrients that occur in small amounts and are involved in enzyme function and maintenance of proteins structure 
79
turbid
Cloudy appearance of nutrient solution in a test tube due to growth of microbe population 

Microbiology (19 decks)

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