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Microbiology > Ch 7 vocab > Flashcards

Ch 7 vocab Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

active transport

A

Nutrient transport method that requires carrier proteins in the membranes of the living cells and the expenditure of energy 

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2
Q

aerobe

A

A microorganism that lives in the presence of free gaseous oxygen 

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3
Q

aerotolerant anaerobe

A

refers to an organism that is anaerobic as it does not need oxygen to survive and thrive.

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4
Q

anaerobe

A

A microorganism that grows best or exclusively in the absence of oxygen, and that does not use oxygen and its metabolism 

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5
Q

antagonism

A

killing, injury or inhibition of growth of one species of microorganism by another when one organism adversely affects the environment of the other.

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6
Q

antibiosis

A

biological interaction between two or more organisms that is detrimental to at least one of them

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7
Q

autotroph

A

A micro organism that requires only inorganic nutrients, and who’s soul source of carbon is carbon dioxide 

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8
Q

barophiles

A

A microorganism that thrives under high pressure (usually hydrostatic)

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9
Q

binary fission

A

The formation of two new cells of approximately equal size as the result of parent cell division 

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10
Q

biofilms

A

A complex aggregate of interacting microbial cells that adhere to each other, and two surfaces, by means of a polysaccharide matrix. They permit communication among participants, which facilitates their survival an adaptation.

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11
Q

capnophiles

A

microorganisms that thrive in the presence of high concentrations of carbon dioxide

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12
Q

cardinal temperatures

A

Minimum and maximum temperatures that define limits of growth and development of an organism (may vary with the stage of development.)

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13
Q

chemautotrophs

A

An organism that relies upon an organic chemicals for its energy and carbon dioxide for its carbon; also called chemolithotroph

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14
Q

chemoheterotrophs

A

microbes that use organic chemical substances as sources of energy and organic compounds as the main source of carbon

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15
Q

chemostat

A

A growth chamber with an outflow that is equal to the continuous info of nutrient media. This study state growth device is used to study such events as cell division, mutation rates, and enzyme regulation. 

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16
Q

chemotrophs

A

An organism that oxidize compounds to feed on nutrients 

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17
Q

commensalism

A

An unequal relationship described as one member (a) deriving benefit from another member (B) without harming or benefiting (B) 

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18
Q

coulter counter

A
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19
Q

death phase

A

A dramatic downturn in numbers occurs due to lack of nutrition, adverse environmental factors, and accumulation of waste. A greater number of cells are dying in this phase

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20
Q

diffusion

A

The passive dispersal of molecules, ions, or microscopic particles propels down a concentration gradient by spontaneous, random motion to achieve a uniform distribution 

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21
Q

direct/total cell count

A

Counting total numbers of individual cells being viewed with magnification/counting, isolated colonies of organisms, growing on a plate of media as a way to determine population size 

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22
Q

endocytosis

A

The process, whereby solid and liquid materials are taken into the cell through membrane, invagination and engulfment into a vesicle 

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23
Q

essential nutrient

A

Any ingredient, such as a certain amino acid, fatty acid, vitamin or mineral that cannot be formed by an organism, and must be supplied in the diet; a growth factor 

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24
Q

exponential

A

Pertaining to the use of exponents, numbers that are typically written, as subscripts to indicate how many times a factor is to be multiplied 

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25
Q

exponential phase

A
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26
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

The passive movement of a substance across the plasma, membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, utilizing specialized carrier proteins 

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27
Q

facultative anaerobe

A

microorganisms that can survive in the lack of free oxygen

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28
Q

generation/doubling time

A

Time required for complete vision cycle – from parent cell to two new daughter cells 

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29
Q

group translocation

A

A form of active transport, in which the substance being transported is altered during transfer across the plasma membrane 

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30
Q

growth curve

A

A graphical representation of the change in population size overtime. This graph has four periods, known as lag phase, exponential, or log phase, stationary phase, and death phase. 

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31
Q

growth factor

A

An organic compound, such as a vitamin or amino acid, that must be provided in the diet to facilitate growth. An essential nutrient. 

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32
Q

halophiles

A

A microbe that needs a high concentration of salt for growth, or one that tolerates high salt concentrations 

33
Q

heterotroph

A

An organism that realize upon organic compounds for its carbon and energy needs 

34
Q

hypertonic

A

A solution that, when, compared to a reference solution, has a higher concentration of solute and less water; placed opposite a hypotonic solution, it will cause water to diffuse more rapidly from the hypotonic solution, thus creating a greater osmotic pressure

35
Q

hypotonic

A

A solution that, when compared with a reference solution, is less concentrated. (has more water and less solute). When I membrane is place between the solution in a hypertonic solution, the water will move from the hypotonic side to the hypertonic side at a higher rate

36
Q

inducer molecules

A

Molecule that regulates gene expression

37
Q

inorganic

A

Molecule that is composed of elements, other than the basic framework of carbon and hydrogen

38
Q

isotonic

A

Solutions having the same asthmatic pressure, such that, when, separated by a semi-permeable membrane, show no net, movement of solvent, and either direction 

39
Q

lag phase

A

The early phase of population growth, during which little sign of growth occurs. In this period that ready is the cells for the rapid expansions to come. 

40
Q

lithoautotrophs

A

organism which derives energy from reactions of reduced compounds of mineral (inorganic) origin.

41
Q

macronutrients

A

A chemical substance required in large quantities (phosphate, for example) 

42
Q

maximum temperature

A

The highest temperature at which an organism will grow 

43
Q

mesophiles

A

Micro organisms that grow at intermediate temperatures – usually between 20 and 40°C 

44
Q

methanogens

A

Microbe that produces methane gas 

45
Q

microaerophile

A

An aerobic bacterium that requires oxygen at a concentration less than that in the atmosphere 

46
Q

minimum temperature

A

The lowest temperature at which an organism will grow 

47
Q

mutualism

A

Organisms living in a close, mutually beneficial relationship 

48
Q

niche

A

An organisms biological role in or contribution to its community 

49
Q

nutrients

A

Any chemical substance that is acquired from the environment and use for metabolism and growth. Macro nutrients are required in large amounts and micro nutrients and small amounts. 

50
Q

Nutrition


A

nutrition the acquisition of chemical substances by a cell or organism for use as an energy source, or as building blocks of cellular structures

51
Q

obligate aerobe

A

Cannot grow without oxygen 

52
Q

obligate anaerobe

A

Cannot grow with oxygen/destroyed by oxygen


53
Q

obligate parasites

A

Survives, and only grows in the host 

54
Q

optimum temperatures

A

The temperature at which a species shows the most rapid growth rate 

55
Q

organic

A

Molecules that are structured with a basic framework of the elements, carbon and hydrogen 

56
Q

osmosis

A

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane and the directions towards lower water, concentration and higher solute concentration 

57
Q

osmotolerant

A

osmolality range of the media that support bacterial survival and growth

58
Q

parasites

A

Produces some degree of harm to the host 

59
Q

parasitism

A

A close interaction, and which one organism lives on or within another organism, from which it obtains nutrients, and receives protection 

60
Q

passive transport

A

nutrient transport method that follows basic physical laws and does not require direct energy input from the cell

61
Q

pathogens

A

Any agent – usually a virus, bacterium, fungus, Prozoa, or helmet – that infects the body tissues, and causes disease 

62
Q

pH

A

The symbol for the negative logarithm of the H ion concentration. A system for rating at acidity and alkalinity. 

63
Q

phagocytosis

A

A type of endocytosis in which the cell membrane actively engulves large particles or cells into vegetables. A phagocyte is a cell specialized for doing this. 

64
Q

photoautorophs

A

An organism that utilizes light for its energy and carbon dioxide, chiefly, for its carbon needs 

65
Q

phototrophs

A

A microbe that uses sunlight for energy and CO2 as a carbon source 

66
Q

pinocytosis

A

The engulfment, or endocytosis, of liquids by extensions of the cell membrane 

67
Q

polymerase chain reaction

A

A technique that amplifies segments of DNA for testing. Using denaturation, primers, and heat resistant, DNA polymesse, the number can be increased several million fold. 

68
Q

psychrophile

A

A micro organism that thrives at low temperatures (0 to 20°C) with a temperature optimum of 0 to 15°C 

69
Q

quorum sensing

A

A phenomenon occurring among microbes in a bio film, in which the members signal each other, and coordinate their functions

70
Q

saprobes

A

Microbe that decomposes organic remains from dead organisms

71
Q

satellitism

A

phenomenon in which certain bacterial species grow more vigorously in the immediate vicinity of colonies of other unrelated species, owing to the production of an essential metabolite by the latter species.

72
Q

saturation

A

The complete occupation of the active site of a carrier, protein, or enzyme by the substrate 

73
Q

specificity

A

Limited to a single, precise, characteristic or action 

74
Q

stationary phase

A

Survival mode in which cells either stop growing or grow very slowly and the population number evens out 

75
Q

symbiosis

A

An intimate association between two or more individuals that are term symbiotts; is sometimes incorrectly as a synonym for mutualism 

76
Q

synergism

A

The coordinated or correlated action by two or more drugs, or microbes, that result in a heightened response, or greater activity 

77
Q

thermophile

A

A microorganism that thrives at temperatures between 50 and 80°C 

78
Q

trace elements

A

Micro nutrients that occur in small amounts and are involved in enzyme function and maintenance of proteins structure 

79
Q

turbid

A

Cloudy appearance of nutrient solution in a test tube due to growth of microbe population 

Microbiology (19 decks)

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