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Microbiology > Chapter 5 vocab > Flashcards

Chapter 5 vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Algae

A

photosynthetic, plantlike organisms that generally lack the complex structure of plants; they may be single-celled or multicellular and inhabit diverse habitats such as marine and freshwater environments, glaciers and hot springs

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2
Q

ascospores

A

a spore formed within a saclike cell (ascus) of ascomycota following nuclear fusion and meiosis

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3
Q

ascus

A

special fungal sac in which hapaloid spores are created

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4
Q

basido spores

A

a sexual spore that arises from a basidium. found in basidiomycota fungi

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5
Q

basidium

A

a reproductive cell created when the swollen terminal cell of a hypha develops filaments that form spores

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6
Q

cestodes

A

the common name for tapeworms that parasitize humans and domestic animal

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7
Q

chloroplasts

A

an organelle containing chlorophyll that is found in photosynthetic eukaryotes

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8
Q

chromatin

A

the genetic material of the nucleus. chromatin is made up of nucleic acid and stains readily with certain dyes

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9
Q

chromosomes

A

tightly coiled bodies within cells, composed of DNA, that are the primary locations for genetic material

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10
Q

cilia

A

eukaryotic structure similar to flagella that propels a protozoan through the environment

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11
Q

conidia

A

asexual fungal spores shed as free units from the tips of fertile hyphae

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12
Q

conjugation

A

in bacteria, the contact between donor and recipient cells associated with the transfer of genetic material (ex. plasmids) can involve special (sex) pili. also a form of sexual recombination in ciliated protozoans

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13
Q

cristae

A

the in-folded inner membrane of a mitochondrion that is the site of the respiratory chain and oxidative phosphorylation

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14
Q

cyst

A

the resistant, dormant, but infectious form of protozoans.can be important in spread of infectious agents such as (entamoeba histolytica and Giarida lamblia)

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15
Q

cytoplasmic matrix

A

aka. cytosol : dense fluid encased by the cell membrane; the site of many of the cell’s biochemical and synthetic activities

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16
Q

cytoskelton

A

a fine intracellular network of fibers, filaments, and other strands that function in support and shape of cells

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17
Q

definitive host

A

the organism in which a parasite develops into its adult or sexually mature stage; aka. the final host

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18
Q

dimorpohic

A

the tendency of some pathogens to alter their growth form from mold to yeast in response to rising temperature

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19
Q

ectoplasm

A

the more viscous, clear outer layer of the cytoplasm in amoeboid cells

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20
Q

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

A

an intracellular network of flattened sacs or tubules with or without ribosomes

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21
Q

Eumycota

A

a phylum of true fungi, distinguished from the funguslike slime molds

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22
Q

flagella

A

a long appendage used to propel an organism through a fluid environment

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23
Q

fungi

A

any of a group of spore-producing organisms feeding on organic matter, including molds, yeast, mushrooms, and toadstools

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24
Q

glycocalyx

A

a filamentous network of carbohydrate rich molecules that coats cells

25
golgi apparatus
an organelle of eukaryotes that participates in packaging and secretion of molecules
26
granastroma
27
hermaphroditic
containing the sex organs for both male and female in one individual
28
histone
protein associated with eukaryotic DNA. these simple proteins serve as a scaffolding to compact and condense DNA into chromosomes, while also enhancing or preventing the expression of certain genes
29
hyphae
tubular threads that make up filamentous fungi (molds). this web of branched and intertwining fibers is called a mycelium
30
lysosome
a cytoplasmic organelle containing lysozyme and other hydrolytic enzymes
31
matrix
the dense ground substance between cristae of a mitochondrion that serves as site for metabolic reactions
32
microfilaments
cellular cytoskeletal element formed by a thin protein strands that attach to the cell membrane and form a network through the cytoplasm (movement of cytoplasm)
33
microtubules
long, tubular structure made of protein that functions in the structure, shape, and movement of eukaryotic cells
34
mitochondria
a double-membrane organelle of eukaryotes that is the main site or aerobic respiration. it contains its own chromosomes and ribosomes
35
mitosis
somatic cell division that preserves the somatic chromosome number
36
mycelium
the filamentous mass that makes up a mold. composed of hyphae
37
mycoses
any disease caused by a fungus
38
nematodes
a common name for helminths called roundworms
39
nucleolus
a granular mass containing RNA that is contained within the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell
40
organelles
a small component of eukaryotic cells that is bounded by a membrane and specialized function
41
plankton
Minute animals or algae that float in the limnetic zone of bodies of water
42
pseudohypha
A chain of easily separated, spherical to sausage – shaped yeast cells partitioned by constructions rather than bicepta
43
pseudopods
Appendage responsible for motility of protozoa such as amoebas; also called false foot
44
rough endoplasmic reticulum
Microscopic series of tunnels that originate in the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope and are used in transport and storage. Large numbers of ribosomes, partially attached to the membrane, give the rough appearance
45
saprobes
A microbe that decomposes organic remains from dead organisms
46
septa
A partition or cellular Crosswall, as in certain fungal hyphae
47
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
A microscopic series of tunnels lacking ribosomes that functions and the nutrient processing function of a cell
48
sporangiospores
The division results of a fungal cell in which asexual spores are formed by multiple cell cleavage
49
sporangium
A fungal cell in which asexual spores are formed by multiple cell cleavage
50
spores
A differentiated specialized cell form that can be used for dissemination, for survival in times of adverse conditions, and/or reproduction. They are usually unicellular and may develop into gametes or vegetative organisms
51
sporozoites
a spore formed after fertilization
52
substrates
The specific molecule upon which an enzyme acts
53
symbiosis
An intimate association between two or more individuals that are termed as symbionts; is sometimes used incorrectly as a synonym for mutualismor Co-existence of two microorganisms
54
thylakoids
Vesicle of a chloroplast formed by elaborate folding of the inner membrane to form discs. Solar energy trapped in the ____________ is used in photosynthesis
55
trematodes
A fluke or flat worm parasite of vertebrates
56
trophozoite
A vegetative protozoan (feeding form) as opposed to a resting (cyst) form
57
vacuoles
In the cell, membrane-bounded sac containing fluids or solid particles to be digested, excreted, or stored
58
yeast
Single celled, budding fungi
59
zygospores
A thick bold sexual spore produced by the Zygomycete fungi. It develops from the union of two hyphae, each bearing nuclei of opposite mating types

Microbiology (19 decks)

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