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Microbiology > Chapter 5 vocab > Flashcards

Chapter 5 vocab Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Algae

A

photosynthetic, plantlike organisms that generally lack the complex structure of plants; they may be single-celled or multicellular and inhabit diverse habitats such as marine and freshwater environments, glaciers and hot springs

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2
Q

ascospores

A

a spore formed within a saclike cell (ascus) of ascomycota following nuclear fusion and meiosis

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3
Q

ascus

A

special fungal sac in which hapaloid spores are created

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4
Q

basido spores

A

a sexual spore that arises from a basidium. found in basidiomycota fungi

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5
Q

basidium

A

a reproductive cell created when the swollen terminal cell of a hypha develops filaments that form spores

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6
Q

cestodes

A

the common name for tapeworms that parasitize humans and domestic animal

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7
Q

chloroplasts

A

an organelle containing chlorophyll that is found in photosynthetic eukaryotes

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8
Q

chromatin

A

the genetic material of the nucleus. chromatin is made up of nucleic acid and stains readily with certain dyes

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9
Q

chromosomes

A

tightly coiled bodies within cells, composed of DNA, that are the primary locations for genetic material

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10
Q

cilia

A

eukaryotic structure similar to flagella that propels a protozoan through the environment

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11
Q

conidia

A

asexual fungal spores shed as free units from the tips of fertile hyphae

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12
Q

conjugation

A

in bacteria, the contact between donor and recipient cells associated with the transfer of genetic material (ex. plasmids) can involve special (sex) pili. also a form of sexual recombination in ciliated protozoans

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13
Q

cristae

A

the in-folded inner membrane of a mitochondrion that is the site of the respiratory chain and oxidative phosphorylation

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14
Q

cyst

A

the resistant, dormant, but infectious form of protozoans.can be important in spread of infectious agents such as (entamoeba histolytica and Giarida lamblia)

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15
Q

cytoplasmic matrix

A

aka. cytosol : dense fluid encased by the cell membrane; the site of many of the cell’s biochemical and synthetic activities

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16
Q

cytoskelton

A

a fine intracellular network of fibers, filaments, and other strands that function in support and shape of cells

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17
Q

definitive host

A

the organism in which a parasite develops into its adult or sexually mature stage; aka. the final host

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18
Q

dimorpohic

A

the tendency of some pathogens to alter their growth form from mold to yeast in response to rising temperature

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19
Q

ectoplasm

A

the more viscous, clear outer layer of the cytoplasm in amoeboid cells

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20
Q

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

A

an intracellular network of flattened sacs or tubules with or without ribosomes

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21
Q

Eumycota

A

a phylum of true fungi, distinguished from the funguslike slime molds

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22
Q

flagella

A

a long appendage used to propel an organism through a fluid environment

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23
Q

fungi

A

any of a group of spore-producing organisms feeding on organic matter, including molds, yeast, mushrooms, and toadstools

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24
Q

glycocalyx

A

a filamentous network of carbohydrate rich molecules that coats cells

25
Q

golgi apparatus

A

an organelle of eukaryotes that participates in packaging and secretion of molecules

26
Q

granastroma

A
27
Q

hermaphroditic

A

containing the sex organs for both male and female in one individual

28
Q

histone

A

protein associated with eukaryotic DNA. these simple proteins serve as a scaffolding to compact and condense DNA into chromosomes, while also enhancing or preventing the expression of certain genes

29
Q

hyphae

A

tubular threads that make up filamentous fungi (molds). this web of branched and intertwining fibers is called a mycelium

30
Q

lysosome

A

a cytoplasmic organelle containing lysozyme and other hydrolytic enzymes

31
Q

matrix

A

the dense ground substance between cristae of a mitochondrion that serves as site for metabolic reactions

32
Q

microfilaments

A

cellular cytoskeletal element formed by a thin protein strands that attach to the cell membrane and form a network through the cytoplasm (movement of cytoplasm)

33
Q

microtubules

A

long, tubular structure made of protein that functions in the structure, shape, and movement of eukaryotic cells

34
Q

mitochondria

A

a double-membrane organelle of eukaryotes that is the main site or aerobic respiration. it contains its own chromosomes and ribosomes

35
Q

mitosis

A

somatic cell division that preserves the somatic chromosome number

36
Q

mycelium

A

the filamentous mass that makes up a mold. composed of hyphae

37
Q

mycoses

A

any disease caused by a fungus

38
Q

nematodes

A

a common name for helminths called roundworms

39
Q

nucleolus

A

a granular mass containing RNA that is contained within the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell

40
Q

organelles

A

a small component of eukaryotic cells that is bounded by a membrane and specialized function

41
Q

plankton

A

Minute animals or algae that float in the limnetic zone of bodies of water

42
Q

pseudohypha

A

A chain of easily separated, spherical to sausage – shaped yeast cells partitioned by constructions rather than bicepta

43
Q

pseudopods

A

Appendage responsible for motility of protozoa such as amoebas; also called false foot

44
Q

rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

Microscopic series of tunnels that originate in the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope and are used in transport and storage. Large numbers of ribosomes, partially attached to the membrane, give the rough appearance

45
Q

saprobes

A

A microbe that decomposes organic remains from dead organisms

46
Q

septa

A

A partition or cellular Crosswall, as in certain fungal hyphae

47
Q

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

A microscopic series of tunnels lacking ribosomes that functions and the nutrient processing function of a cell

48
Q

sporangiospores

A

The division results of a fungal cell in which asexual spores are formed by multiple cell cleavage

49
Q

sporangium

A

A fungal cell in which asexual spores are formed by multiple cell cleavage

50
Q

spores

A

A differentiated specialized cell form that can be used for dissemination, for survival in times of adverse conditions, and/or reproduction. They are usually unicellular and may develop into gametes or vegetative organisms

51
Q

sporozoites

A

a spore formed after fertilization

52
Q

substrates

A

The specific molecule upon which an enzyme acts

53
Q

symbiosis

A

An intimate association between two or more individuals that are termed as symbionts; is sometimes used incorrectly as a synonym for mutualismor

Co-existence of two microorganisms

54
Q

thylakoids

A

Vesicle of a chloroplast formed by elaborate folding of the inner membrane to form discs. Solar energy trapped in the ____________ is used in photosynthesis

55
Q

trematodes

A

A fluke or flat worm parasite of vertebrates

56
Q

trophozoite

A

A vegetative protozoan (feeding form) as opposed to a resting (cyst) form

57
Q

vacuoles

A

In the cell, membrane-bounded sac containing fluids or solid particles to be digested, excreted, or stored

58
Q

yeast

A

Single celled, budding fungi

59
Q

zygospores

A

A thick bold sexual spore produced by the Zygomycete fungi. It develops from the union of two hyphae, each bearing nuclei of opposite mating types

Microbiology (19 decks)

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