Lab 1 questions

Question 1

What are the flagella types?

Answer 1

-monotrichous (single @ 1 end)
-amphitrichous (Single @ both ends)
-lophotichous (multiple @ 1 end)
-peritrichous (multiple all over)

Question 2

what are the 6 forms?

Answer 2

-punctiform
-circular
-filamentous
-irregular
-rhizoid
-spindle

Question 3

what are the 6 elevations?

Answer 3

-flat
-raised
-convex
-pulvinate
-rhizoid
-spindle

Question 4

what are the 6 margins?

Answer 4

-entire
-undulate
-lohate
-erose
-filamentous
-curled

Question 5

Ubiquity

Answer 5

indicates that something is always present everywhere

Question 6

general purpose

Answer 6

routine culturing / lots of different types can grow because it is rich / complex medium (soy bean flour)

Question 7

what species lack a cell wall

Answer 7

mycoplasmas

Question 8

G+ cell wall

Answer 8

thick layer of peptidoglycan

Question 9

G- cell wall

Answer 9

thin layer of peptidoglycan and an outer membrane

Question 10

what do gram stains find

Answer 10

size, shape(morphology), arrangement and stain

Question 11

what is agar

Answer 11

a solidifying agent

Question 12

chemically defined

Answer 12

chemical composition is known

Question 13

chemically undefined (and ex.)

Answer 13

at least one ingredient is undefined

TSA - soy bean flour

Question 14

minimal medium

Answer 14

basic nutrition for whatever you are trying to grow

Question 15

rich

Answer 15

a complex medium that provides many (or all) of the basic building blocks

Question 16

enriched

Answer 16

richer than rich. contains a type of blood

Question 17

selective media

Answer 17

inhibit growth of certain types / selects growth of some crittes

Question 18

differential media

Answer 18

does not inhibit the growth of any specific type of organisms / distinguish one type of organism from another type

Question 19

Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA)
- Medium type
- Contains?
- Identify?
- Inhibit?
- Results?

Answer 19

• general purpose for routine cultures
• partially digested soybean flour
  (undefined, complex, rich)
• nothing too specific/colony characteristics
• none
• all growth

Question 20

MAC - MacConkey Agar
- Medium type
- Contains?
- Identify?
- Inhibit?
- Results?

Answer 20

• a selective and differential medium useful for the identification of Enterobacteriaceae
• contains: crystal violet, bile salts, lactose and pH indicator
• Identify: causative agent of infections of enterobacteriaceae
• differentiates lactose-fermenting coliforms from the rest of the enterobacteriaceae family
• selects growth of Enterobacteriaceae
• results: growth or no growth? what color?

No growth: G+ or nonenteric bacteria
Growth: 1 or 2
1: Pink colonies: Lactose-fermenting Enterobacteriaceae (coliform)
2: Colorless colonies: enterobacteriaceae that does NOT ferment lactose

Question 21

MSA - Mannitol Salt Agar

Answer 21

• selective and differential
• Contains: 7.5 % NaCl (S) and Mannitol (D)
• identify: pathogenic species of Staphylococcus
• inhibits almost all G+ bacilli, G- bacteria, members of streptococcus bacteria
• always growth of staphylococcus and micrococcus

-Growth or no growth / Yellow or red

No growth: G+ Bacilli / streptococci or G-
Growth: G+ staphylococcus or micrococcus 1 or 2
1: Yellow around growth: Pathogenic species of staphylococcus
2: medium stays red: nonpathogenic staphylococcus or micrococcus

Question 22

Columbia CNA with 5% Sheeps Blood

Answer 22

• selective and differential
• contains : Colistin, Naladixic Acid
• Idenitfy Hemolysis - ability to damage red blood cells
• kills almost all G- bacteria
• rseults: growth or no growth; hemolysis or no hemolysis

Grwoth:
No hemolysis= gamma
partial hemolysis = alpha
complete hemolysis = beta

Question 23

TSA with 5% sheeps blood / Blood Agar (BA)

Answer 23

• enriched
• nonselective but differential
• almost everything might grow
• damage to the RBC’s

Muddy green = alpha
no hemolysis but growth = gamma
clear zone around = beta

Question 24

minimal medium

Answer 24

Provides basic nutrition for whatever you are trying to grow

Organism typically must make some (or all) of the basic building blocks

Question 25

acid fast staining

Answer 25

presence or absence of mycolic acid (waxy lipid)
1.heat fix
2.carbolfushin
3.steam heat (melts the wax and dye enters cell wall)
3.decolorizer (acid alcohol)
4. methylene blue

acid-fast stain red
non acid-fast stain blue

Question 26

endospore stain

Answer 26

differential stain to detect the presence and location of endospore cells

do not play a role in reproduction
vegetative cell = sporangium
survival in harsh conditions

they are only produced by Bacillus and Clostridium

1. primary stain : malachite green
2. steam heat to drive green into endospore
3. water decolorizer
   4 safranin