Chapter 1 Vocab

Question 1

emerging diseases

Answer 1

newly identified diseases that are becoming more prominent

Question 2

pathogens

Answer 2

any agent- usually a virus, bacterium, fungus, protozoan, or helminth - that infects body tissues and causes disease

Question 3

bioremediation

Answer 3

the use of microbes to reduce or degrade pollutants, industrial wastes, and household garbage

Question 4

genetic engineering

Answer 4

a field involving deliberate alterations of the genomes of microbes, plants, and animals through special technological processes

Question 5

microbiology

Answer 5

a specialized area of biology that deals with living things ordinarily too small to be seen without magnification, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, and viruses

Question 6

microscopic

Answer 6

invisible to the naked eye

Question 7

microorganisms

Answer 7

a living things ordinarily too small to be seen without magnification; an organism of microscopic size

Question 8

microbes

Answer 8

an organism of microscopic size

Question 9

bacteria

Answer 9

category of prokaryotes with peptidoglycan in their cell walls and a single, circular chromosome. this group of small cells is widely distributed in the earths habitats

Question 10

viruses

Answer 10

microscopic, acellular agent composed of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat

Question 11

fungi

Answer 11

heterotrophic unicellular or multicellular eukaryotic organisms that may take the form of a larger macroscopic organism, as in the case of mushrooms, or a smaller microscopic organism as in the case of yeasts and molds

Question 12

protozoa

Answer 12

a group of single-celled , eukaryotic organisms that feed on other cells and usually have a locomotor organelle

Question 13

algae

Answer 13

photosynthetic, plantlike organisms that generally lack the complex structure of plants; they may be single-celled or multicellular and inhabit diverse habitats such as marine and freshwater environments. glaciers and hot springs

Question 14

helminths

Answer 14

a term that designates parasitic worms such as roundworms and flatworms

Question 15

macroscopic

Answer 15

visible to the naked eye

Question 16

adaptability

Answer 16

the ability of successfully adjusting to a new environment, often made possible by random genetic changes that provide an advantage under changed environmental conditions

Question 17

immunology

Answer 17

the study of internal body defenses that protect against infection. This includes phagocytosis, inflammation and acquired immunities

Question 18

epidemiology

Answer 18

the study of the factors affecting the prevalence and spread of disease within a community

Question 19

biotechnology

Answer 19

the use of organisms (microbes, plants, animals) or their products in the commercial or industrial realm

Question 20

infectious

Answer 20

the entry, establishment and multiplication of pathogenic organisms within a host

Question 21

prokaryote

Answer 21

small cell lacking special structures such as a nucleus and organelles. all prokaryotes are microorgansims

Question 22

eukaryote

Answer 22

a cell that has s nuclear membrane, membrane-bounded sub-cellular organelles and mitotic cell division

Question 23

parasites

Answer 23

a close interaction in which one organism lives on or within another organism, from which it obtains nutrients and receives protection. The parasite produces some degree of harm to the host

Question 24

hosts

Question 25

spontaneous generation

Answer 25

early belief that living things arose from vital forces present in nonliving, or decomposing matter

Question 26

abiogenesis

Answer 26

the belief in spontaneous generation as a source of life

Question 27

biogenesis

Answer 27

belief that living things can only arise from others of the same kind

Question 28

scientific method

Answer 28

principles and procedures for the systematic pursuit of knowledge, involving the recognition and formulation of a problem, the collection of date through observation and experimentation and the formulation and testing of a hypotheses

Question 29

hypothesis

Answer 29

a tentative explanation of what has been observed or measured

Question 30

deduction

Question 31

theory

Question 32

law

Question 33

sterilization

Question 34

aseptic technique

Question 35

germ theory of disease

Question 36

nomenclature

Question 37

taxonomy

Question 38

taxa

Question 39

classification

Question 40

identification

Question 41

domain

Question 42

kingdom

Question 43

phylum

Question 44

division

Question 45

class

Question 46

order

Question 47

family

Question 48

genus

Question 49

hierarchies

Question 50

species

Question 51

scientific names

Question 52

evolutionary

Question 53

morphology

Question 54

physiology

Question 55

genetics

Question 56

bacteria

Question 57

archaea