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Microbiology > Chapter 13 Vocab > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

A-B toxin

A

two-component protein complexes secreted by a number of pathogenic bacteria

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2
Q

Abscesses

A

An inflamed fibrous mass, and closing a core of pus

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3
Q

Acute infection

A

Rapid onset and short duration

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4
Q

Adhesion

A

The process by which microbes gain a stable foothold at the portal of entry; often involves a specific interaction between the molecules on the microbial surface, and the receptors on the host cell 

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5
Q

Aerosols

A

Airborne suspicion of fine dust, or moisture particles that contain live pathogens

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6
Q

Asymptomatic

A

An infection that produces no noticeable symptoms, even though the microbe is active in the host tissue

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7
Q

Asymptomatic carrier

A

A person with an an apparent infection, who shows no symptoms of being infected yeah is able to pass the disease agent onto others

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8
Q

Bacteremia

A

The presence of bacteria in circulating blood 

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9
Q

Biological vector

A

An animal that not only transports an infectious agent, who plays a role in the lifecycle of a pathogen, serving as a site in which you can multiply or complete its life cycle. It is usually an alternative host to the pathogen

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10
Q

Carrier

A

A person who asymptomatically harbors infections, agents, and inconspicuously expressed them to others

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11
Q

Chronic carrier

A

A person who harbors and transmits an infectious agent for an indefinite period.

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12
Q

Chronic infection

A

An infection that persists over a long duration with symptoms, being mild or absent

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13
Q

Coliform

A

A collective term that includes normal enteric bacteria that are gram-negative and lactose fermenting

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14
Q

Communicable

A

Capable of being transmitted, from one individual to another

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15
Q

Contagious

A

Very rarely communicable; transmissible by direct contact with infected people, and they’re fresh secretions or excretions

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16
Q

Convalescent carrier/period

A

Recovery; the period between the end of a disease and the complete restoration of health in a patient

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17
Q

Droplet nuclei 

A

The dried residue of fine droplets produced by mucus and saliva, sprayed while sneezing and coughing. Less than 5 µm in diameter, and can be carried by air currents. 

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18
Q

Edema

A

The accumulation of excess fluid and cells, tissues, or serious cavities; also called swelling

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19
Q

Endogenous

A

Originating, or produced within an organism or one of its parts

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20
Q

Endotoxin

A

A bacterial intracellular toxin that is not ordinarily released. Composed of a phospholipid-polysaccharide complex that is an a terrible part of a gram-negative bacterial cell wall. They can cause severe shock and fever.

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21
Q

Epidemiology

A

The study of the factors affecting the prevailant in spread of disease within a community

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22
Q

Exoenzymes

A

An extra cellular enzyme, chiefly used to hydrolyzed nutrient macromolecules that cannot readily enter the cell. This enzyme is secreted into the environment, where it may function in saprobic decomposition of organic debris, or support the invasion of living tissues by pathogens.

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23
Q

Exotoxin

A

A toxin (usually protein) that is secreted in acts upon a specific cellular target

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24
Q

Focal infection

A

Occurs when an infection’s agent breaks, loose from a localized infection, and is carried by the circulation to other tissues

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25
Fomite
 virtually any in animate object, an infected individual has contact with. I can serve as a vehicle for the spread of disease.
26
Granulomas
A solid mass, or nodule of inflammatory tissue, containing modified macrophages and lymphocytes. Usually a chronic pathologic process of diseases, such as tuberculosis or syphilis.
27
Hemolysins 
Any biological agent that is capable of destroying red blood cells and causing the release of hemoglobin. Mini bacterial pathogens produce exotoxins that act as …
28
Incubation Period
The period of time from the initial contact with an infectious agent to the appearance of the first symptoms 
29
Infection
The entry establishment and multiplication of pathogenic organisms without a host
30
Infectious disease
The state of damage, or toxicity in the body caused by an infectious agent
31
Infectious dose
The estimated number of microbial cells or units required to establish an infection
32
Inflammation
A natural, nonspecific response to tissue injury that protects the host from further damage. It stimulates immune reactivity and blocks the spread of infectious agent.
33
Intoxication
Poisoning that results from the injection of a toxin, and the subsequent effects of that talks in as it spread into body tissues
34
Latency
The state of being inactive, and not multiplying
35
Lesion
A wound injury, or some other pathologic change in tissues 
36
Leukocidins
A heat labile substance formed by some pyogenic Cocci that impairs, and sometimes lysis leukocytes 
37
Leukocytosis
An abnormally large number of leukocytes in the blood, which can be indicated of acute infection
38
Leukopenia
A lower than normal leukocyte count in the blood, which can be indicated of a blood infection or disease
39
Localized infection
An infection in which of micro Pinners a specific tissue, and fix it, and remains confined there
40
Lumos
The cavity within a tubular organ
41
Lymphadentis
Information of one or more lymph node
42
Microbial antagonism

43
Mixed infection
Occurs when several different pathogens interact simultaneously to produce an infection. Also called a synergistic infection. 
44
Necrosis
A pathologic process in which cells and tissues die in disintegrate
45
Noncommunicable
An infectious disease that is not established through transmission of infectious agent via another infected host
46
Normal resident flora
47
Nosocomial
Originating or taking place in a hospital, acquired in a hospital
48
Opportunistic pathogens
A microbe that infects a host when the bodies defense system is vulnerable 
49
Passive carrier
Persons who mechanically transfer a pathogen without ever being infected by it, such as healthcare workers, who don’t wash their hands adequately between patients
50
Pathogen
Any agent -usually a virus, bacterium fungus, protozoan, or helmenth- that infects body tissues, and causes disease
51
Period of invasion
The period during a clinical infection, when the infectious agent multiplies at a high-level exhibit its greatest toxicity, and becomes well-established in the target tissues
52
Phagocytes
Self specialized for actively engulfing, large particles or cells into the vesicle 
53
Pneumonia
54
Polymicrobial
of, relating to, or caused by several types of microorganisms polymicrobial infections
55
Portal of entry
Characteristic route of entry for an infectious agent; typically a cutaneous or membrane is route
56
Portal of exit
Characteristic route through which a pathogen departs from the host organism
57
Primary infection
An initial infection, and a previously a healthy individual that it’s later complicated by an additional infection
58
Prodromal stage
A short period of non-specific symptoms at the end of the period of incubation. That is usually the earliest indication of an infection.
59
Reportable
Any disease that needs regular and frequent monitoring of individual cases, so that it can be managed and prevented. These diseases that must be reported to health authorities by law
60
Reservoir
The natural host or habitat of a pathogen that is in its long-term origin
61
Residents
The body’s resident microbiota are just that — residents. These species are life-long members of the body's normal microbial community
62
Secondary infection
A secondary infection that complicates a pre-existing primary infection
63
Septicemia
Systematic infection associated with micro organisms, multiplying in circulating blood 
64
Sequelae
A morbid complication that follows a disease
65
Sexually transmitted disease
An infection resulting from the gym that enter the body via sexual intercourse or intimate, direct contact
66
Sign
Any abnormality uncovered upon physical diagnosis that indicates the presence of a disease. An objective assessment of disease as opposed to a symptom, which is the subjective assessment perceived by the patient.
67
Skatole
It occurs naturally in the feces of mammals and birds and is the primary contributor to fecal odor.
68
Source
The person, location or object, the supplies, the pathogen in an infection. this is different from the reservoir, which is where the pathogen lives 
69
STORCH
Acronym for common infections of the fetus and neonate. This stands for syivilus taxoplasmosis, other diseases, rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex virus
70
Subclinical
A period during an infection with no noticeable manifestations occur 
71
Symptom
This objective evidence of infection and disease as perceived by the patient
72
Syndrome
The collection of science and symptoms that taken together paint a portrait of the disease 
73
Systemic infection 
Occurring throughout the body; of infections that invade many compartments in organs via circulation
74
Toxemias
An abnormality associated with certain infectious diseases
75
Toxigenicity
The tendency for a pathogen to produce toxins. It is an important factor in bacterial virulence.
76
Toxin
A specific chemical product of my groups, plants, and some animals that is poisonous to other organisms
77
Toxinosis
Disease who’s adverse effects are primarily due to the production and release of toxins
78
Transient
In normal microbiota, the assortment of superficial microbes who’s numbers and types vary depending on recent exposure. The deeper lying residence constitute a more stable population.
79
True pathogens
A microbe capable of causing infection and disease and healthy persons with normal immune defenses
80
Universal precautions
Centers for disease, control, and prevention guidelines for healthcare workers, regarding the prevention of disease transmission when handling patience, and body substances
81
Vector
An animal, that transmits infectious agents from one house to another, often a biting, or piercing AnthroPod, such as a tick and mosquito or fly, but it can also include birds and mammals. They convey infectious agents mechanically by simple contact or biologically with a parasite.
82
Vehicle
An in animate material that serves as a transmission agent for pathogens
83
Viremia
The presence of viruses in the bloodstream
84
Virulence
An infection, the relative capacity of a pathogen to invade and harm host cells
85
Virulence factor
A product of microbes, such as an enzyme or talks, and that increases the microbes invasiveness or pathogenicity
86
Zoonosis
And infectious disease indigenous to animals that humans can acquire to direct or indirect contact with infected animals

Microbiology (19 decks)

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