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Microbiology > Chapter 13 Vocab > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Vocab Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A-B toxin

A

two-component protein complexes secreted by a number of pathogenic bacteria

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2
Q

Abscesses

A

An inflamed fibrous mass, and closing a core of pus

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3
Q

Acute infection

A

Rapid onset and short duration

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4
Q

Adhesion

A

The process by which microbes gain a stable foothold at the portal of entry; often involves a specific interaction between the molecules on the microbial surface, and the receptors on the host cell 

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5
Q

Aerosols

A

Airborne suspicion of fine dust, or moisture particles that contain live pathogens

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6
Q

Asymptomatic

A

An infection that produces no noticeable symptoms, even though the microbe is active in the host tissue

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7
Q

Asymptomatic carrier

A

A person with an an apparent infection, who shows no symptoms of being infected yeah is able to pass the disease agent onto others

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8
Q

Bacteremia

A

The presence of bacteria in circulating blood 

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9
Q

Biological vector

A

An animal that not only transports an infectious agent, who plays a role in the lifecycle of a pathogen, serving as a site in which you can multiply or complete its life cycle. It is usually an alternative host to the pathogen

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10
Q

Carrier

A

A person who asymptomatically harbors infections, agents, and inconspicuously expressed them to others

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11
Q

Chronic carrier

A

A person who harbors and transmits an infectious agent for an indefinite period.

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12
Q

Chronic infection

A

An infection that persists over a long duration with symptoms, being mild or absent

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13
Q

Coliform

A

A collective term that includes normal enteric bacteria that are gram-negative and lactose fermenting

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14
Q

Communicable

A

Capable of being transmitted, from one individual to another

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15
Q

Contagious

A

Very rarely communicable; transmissible by direct contact with infected people, and they’re fresh secretions or excretions

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16
Q

Convalescent carrier/period

A

Recovery; the period between the end of a disease and the complete restoration of health in a patient

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17
Q

Droplet nuclei 

A

The dried residue of fine droplets produced by mucus and saliva, sprayed while sneezing and coughing. Less than 5 µm in diameter, and can be carried by air currents. 

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18
Q

Edema

A

The accumulation of excess fluid and cells, tissues, or serious cavities; also called swelling

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19
Q

Endogenous

A

Originating, or produced within an organism or one of its parts

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20
Q

Endotoxin

A

A bacterial intracellular toxin that is not ordinarily released. Composed of a phospholipid-polysaccharide complex that is an a terrible part of a gram-negative bacterial cell wall. They can cause severe shock and fever.

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21
Q

Epidemiology

A

The study of the factors affecting the prevailant in spread of disease within a community

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22
Q

Exoenzymes

A

An extra cellular enzyme, chiefly used to hydrolyzed nutrient macromolecules that cannot readily enter the cell. This enzyme is secreted into the environment, where it may function in saprobic decomposition of organic debris, or support the invasion of living tissues by pathogens.

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23
Q

Exotoxin

A

A toxin (usually protein) that is secreted in acts upon a specific cellular target

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24
Q

Focal infection

A

Occurs when an infection’s agent breaks, loose from a localized infection, and is carried by the circulation to other tissues

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25
Q

Fomite

A

 virtually any in animate object, an infected individual has contact with. I can serve as a vehicle for the spread of disease.

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26
Q

Granulomas

A

A solid mass, or nodule of inflammatory tissue, containing modified macrophages and lymphocytes. Usually a chronic pathologic process of diseases, such as tuberculosis or syphilis.

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27
Q

Hemolysins 

A

Any biological agent that is capable of destroying red blood cells and causing the release of hemoglobin. Mini bacterial pathogens produce exotoxins that act as …

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28
Q

Incubation Period

A

The period of time from the initial contact with an infectious agent to the appearance of the first symptoms 

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29
Q

Infection

A

The entry establishment and multiplication of pathogenic organisms without a host

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30
Q

Infectious disease

A

The state of damage, or toxicity in the body caused by an infectious agent

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31
Q

Infectious dose

A

The estimated number of microbial cells or units required to establish an infection

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32
Q

Inflammation

A

A natural, nonspecific response to tissue injury that protects the host from further damage. It stimulates immune reactivity and blocks the spread of infectious agent.

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33
Q

Intoxication

A

Poisoning that results from the injection of a toxin, and the subsequent effects of that talks in as it spread into body tissues

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34
Q

Latency

A

The state of being inactive, and not multiplying

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35
Q

Lesion

A

A wound injury, or some other pathologic change in tissues 

36
Q

Leukocidins

A

A heat labile substance formed by some pyogenic Cocci that impairs, and sometimes lysis leukocytes 

37
Q

Leukocytosis

A

An abnormally large number of leukocytes in the blood, which can be indicated of acute infection

38
Q

Leukopenia

A

A lower than normal leukocyte count in the blood, which can be indicated of a blood infection or disease

39
Q

Localized infection

A

An infection in which of micro Pinners a specific tissue, and fix it, and remains confined there

40
Q

Lumos

A

The cavity within a tubular organ

41
Q

Lymphadentis

A

Information of one or more lymph node

42
Q

Microbial antagonism

A



43
Q

Mixed infection

A

Occurs when several different pathogens interact simultaneously to produce an infection. Also called a synergistic infection. 

44
Q

Necrosis

A

A pathologic process in which cells and tissues die in disintegrate

45
Q

Noncommunicable

A

An infectious disease that is not established through transmission of infectious agent via another infected host

46
Q

Normal resident flora

A
47
Q

Nosocomial

A

Originating or taking place in a hospital, acquired in a hospital

48
Q

Opportunistic pathogens

A

A microbe that infects a host when the bodies defense system is vulnerable 

49
Q

Passive carrier

A

Persons who mechanically transfer a pathogen without ever being infected by it, such as healthcare workers, who don’t wash their hands adequately between patients

50
Q

Pathogen

A

Any agent -usually a virus, bacterium fungus, protozoan, or helmenth- that infects body tissues, and causes disease

51
Q

Period of invasion

A

The period during a clinical infection, when the infectious agent multiplies at a high-level exhibit its greatest toxicity, and becomes well-established in the target tissues

52
Q

Phagocytes

A

Self specialized for actively engulfing, large particles or cells into the vesicle 

53
Q

Pneumonia

A
54
Q

Polymicrobial

A

of, relating to, or caused by several types of microorganisms polymicrobial infections

55
Q

Portal of entry

A

Characteristic route of entry for an infectious agent; typically a cutaneous or membrane is route

56
Q

Portal of exit

A

Characteristic route through which a pathogen departs from the host organism

57
Q

Primary infection

A

An initial infection, and a previously a healthy individual that it’s later complicated by an additional infection

58
Q

Prodromal stage

A

A short period of non-specific symptoms at the end of the period of incubation. That is usually the earliest indication of an infection.

59
Q

Reportable

A

Any disease that needs regular and frequent monitoring of individual cases, so that it can be managed and prevented. These diseases that must be reported to health authorities by law

60
Q

Reservoir

A

The natural host or habitat of a pathogen that is in its long-term origin

61
Q

Residents

A

The body’s resident microbiota are just that — residents. These species are life-long members of the body’s normal microbial community

62
Q

Secondary infection

A

A secondary infection that complicates a pre-existing primary infection

63
Q

Septicemia

A

Systematic infection associated with micro organisms, multiplying in circulating blood 

64
Q

Sequelae

A

A morbid complication that follows a disease

65
Q

Sexually transmitted disease

A

An infection resulting from the gym that enter the body via sexual intercourse or intimate, direct contact

66
Q

Sign

A

Any abnormality uncovered upon physical diagnosis that indicates the presence of a disease. An objective assessment of disease as opposed to a symptom, which is the subjective assessment perceived by the patient.

67
Q

Skatole

A

It occurs naturally in the feces of mammals and birds and is the primary contributor to fecal odor.

68
Q

Source

A

The person, location or object, the supplies, the pathogen in an infection. this is different from the reservoir, which is where the pathogen lives 

69
Q

STORCH

A

Acronym for common infections of the fetus and neonate. This stands for syivilus taxoplasmosis, other diseases, rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex virus

70
Q

Subclinical

A

A period during an infection with no noticeable manifestations occur 

71
Q

Symptom

A

This objective evidence of infection and disease as perceived by the patient

72
Q

Syndrome

A

The collection of science and symptoms that taken together paint a portrait of the disease 

73
Q

Systemic infection 

A

Occurring throughout the body; of infections that invade many compartments in organs via circulation

74
Q

Toxemias

A

An abnormality associated with certain infectious diseases

75
Q

Toxigenicity

A

The tendency for a pathogen to produce toxins. It is an important factor in bacterial virulence.

76
Q

Toxin

A

A specific chemical product of my groups, plants, and some animals that is poisonous to other organisms

77
Q

Toxinosis

A

Disease who’s adverse effects are primarily due to the production and release of toxins

78
Q

Transient

A

In normal microbiota, the assortment of superficial microbes who’s numbers and types vary depending on recent exposure. The deeper lying residence constitute a more stable population.

79
Q

True pathogens

A

A microbe capable of causing infection and disease and healthy persons with normal immune defenses

80
Q

Universal precautions

A

Centers for disease, control, and prevention guidelines for healthcare workers, regarding the prevention of disease transmission when handling patience, and body substances

81
Q

Vector

A

An animal, that transmits infectious agents from one house to another, often a biting, or piercing AnthroPod, such as a tick and mosquito or fly, but it can also include birds and mammals. They convey infectious agents mechanically by simple contact or biologically with a parasite.

82
Q

Vehicle

A

An in animate material that serves as a transmission agent for pathogens

83
Q

Viremia

A

The presence of viruses in the bloodstream

84
Q

Virulence

A

An infection, the relative capacity of a pathogen to invade and harm host cells

85
Q

Virulence factor

A

A product of microbes, such as an enzyme or talks, and that increases the microbes invasiveness or pathogenicity

86
Q

Zoonosis

A

And infectious disease indigenous to animals that humans can acquire to direct or indirect contact with infected animals

Microbiology (19 decks)

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