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Microbiology > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Acid-fast stain

A

The property of Mycobacteria to retain carbol fusion even in the presence of acid alcohol. The standing procedure is used to diagnose tuberculosis

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2
Q

Amphitirichous 

A

Having a single flagellum or a tuft of flagella at opposite poles of a microbial cell

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3
Q

Appendages

A

Accessory structure that sprouts from the surface of bacteria. They can be divided into two major groups; those that provide motility and those that enable adhesion

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4
Q

Asexual reproduction

A
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5
Q

Bacillus

A

Bacterial cell shape that is rod shaped

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6
Q

Bacteria

A

Category of prokaryotes with peptidoglycan in their cell walls and the single, circular chromosome. This group of small cells is widely distributed in the earths habitats

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7
Q

Bacterial Actin

A
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8
Q

Bacterial chromosome

A

A circular body and bacteria that contains the primary genetic material; also called nucleoid

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9
Q

Basal body

A
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10
Q

Capsule

A

In bacteria, the loose, gel light covering or slime made chiefly of simple polyaccharides. This layer is protective and can be associated with virulence 

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11
Q

Cells

A

An individual membrane-bound living entity; the smallest living unit capable of an independent existence

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12
Q

Chemo taxis

A

The tendency of cells to move in response to a chemical gradient (toward an attractive or to avoid adverse stimuli). In inflammation, it refers to the movement of blood cells and reaction to chemical signals

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13
Q

Chloroplast

A

An organelle containing chlorophyll that is found in photosynthetic eukaryotes

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14
Q

Chromosomes

A

Tightly coiled bodies within cells, composed of DNA, that are the primary locations for genetic material

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15
Q

Coccobacillus

A

And elongated caucus; a short, thick, oval-shaped bacterial Rod

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16
Q

Coccus

A

Spherical shaped bacterial cell

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17
Q

Conjugation

A

And bacteria, the contact between donor and recipient cells associated with the transfer of genetic material such as plasmids. Can involve special (sex) pili . Also a form of sexual recombination and ciliated protozoans

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18
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Dense fluid encased by the cell membrane; the site of many of the cells biochemical and synthetic activities

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19
Q

Cytoplasmic membrane

A
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20
Q

Diplococci

A

Spherical or oval shaped bacteria, typically found in pairs

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21
Q

Domain Archaea

A
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22
Q

Domain bacteria

A
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23
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

An intracellular network of flattened sacs or tubules with or without ribosomes on their surface

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24
Q

Endospore

A

A small, dormant, resistant derivative of a bacterial cell that germinates under favorable growth conditions into a vegetative cell. The bacteria Genera bacillus and clostridium are typical spore formers

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25
Filament
A helical structure composed of proteins that is part of a bacterial flagella
26
Fimbria
Short, numerous surface appendages on some bacteria that provide adhesion but not locomotion
27
Flagellum
A long appendage used to propel an organism through a fluid environment. ___________ of bacteria and eukaryotes Are similar in general function but differ significantly and structure
28
Fluid mosaic model
A conceptualization of the molecular architecture of cellular membranes as a by lipid layer containing proteins membrane proteins are embedded to some degree in this by layer, where they float freely about
29
Genome
The complete set of chromosomes and genes in an organism
30
Glycocalyx
A filamentes network of carbohydrate rich molecules that coats sells
31
Golgi apparatus
An organelle of eukaryotes that participates in packaging and secretion of molecules
32
Gram stain
A differential stain for bacteria useful and identification and taxonomy. Positive organisms of your purple whereas negative organisms appear red after loss of crystal violet and absorbance of safranin
33
Hook
34
Inclusion bodies
A relatively inert body in the cytoplasm such as storage granules, glycogen, Fat, or some other aggregated metabolic product
35
Irritability
36
Lipopolysaccharide
A molecular complex of lipid and carbohydrate found in the bacterial cell wall. The LPS of gram-negative bacteria is an endotoxin with generalized pathologic effects such as a fever
37
Lipo proteins
38
Lophotrichous
Describing bacteria having a tuft or flagella at one or both poles
39
Lysis
The physical rupture or deterioration of a cell
40
Metabolism
A general term designating the totality of chemical processes occurring in a cell
41
Metachromatic granules
42
Micrococci

43
Mitosis
Somatic cell division that preserves the somatic chromosome number
44
Monotrichous
Describing a microorganism that there’s a single flagellum
45
Motility
Self propulsion
46
Mycoplasmas
Species of ______________ are among the smallest self replicating micro organisms. They naturally lack a cell wall. Most species of parasites of animals and plants
47
Nucleoid
The undifferentiated space or region in the cytoplasm contains the bacterial genetic material. It is naked and not enclosed by a membrane
48
Organelles
A small component of eukaryotic cells that is bounded by a membrane in specialized in function
49
Outer membrane
A structure made of lipids in the outer layer of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria
50
Palisades
The characteristic bacterial arrangement resembling a roll of fence posts created by cells snapping together
51
Peptidoglycan
A network of polysaccharide chains crossed linked by short peptides that forms the Richard part of a bacterial cell wall. Graham negative bacteria have a smaller amount of this rigid structure then do gram-positive bacteria
52
Periplasmic space
An open area between the cell wall and cell membrane in the cell on the lips of bacteria. Gram-negative bacteria have a more extensive space than do gram-positive bacteria
53
Peritrichous
having flagella distributed over the entire cell
54
Phenetic 
Based on phenotype, or expression of traits
55
Phylogenetic
Classification system based on evolutionarily relationships
56
Pilus
Small, Steph filamentous appendages and Graham negative bacteria that function and DNA exchanged during bacterial conjugation
57
Plasmids
Extra chromosomal genetic unit categorized by several features. A ____________ is double stranded DNA that is smaller than and replicate independently of the cell chromosome; it bears genes that are not essential for cell growth; it can bear genes that code for adaptive traits; and it is transmissible to other bacteria
58
Pleomorphism
Normal verability of cell shapes and a single species; bacteria having diverse shapes are called ________
59
Polar
 term to describe a molecule with an asymmetrical distribution of charges. Having a negative pole and a positive pole
60
Porins
Transmembrane proteins of the outer membrane of Graham negative sells the permit transfer of small molecules enter the periplasmic space bar the penetration of larger molecules
61
Reproduction
62
Ribosomes
A macromolecular complex that coordinates the codons of mRNA with tRNA anti-codons and, and so doing, constitutes approaching assembly site. It is composed of ribosomal RNA and protein
63
rickettsias
Medically important family of tiny, intracellular parasitic bacteria, commonly carried by ticks, lice, and fleas. Cause of rocky mountain spotted fever and typhus
64
Sarcina
A cubicle packet of eight, 16, or more cells; the cellular arrangement of the genus Sarcina in the family micrococcacaea
65
Sexual reproduction
66
Slime layer
67
Spirillum
A type of bacterial cell with a rigid spiral shape and external Flagella
68
Spirochete
A coiled, spiral shaped bacterium that has endoflagella and flexes as it moves
69
Sporangium
A fungal cell in which asexual spores are formed by multiple self cleavage. This division results and sporangiospores
70
staphylococci
Coccus shaped bacteria arranged in irregular clusters
71
Strains
A set of descendants clone from a common ancestor that retain the original characteristics. Any deviation from the original is a different strain
72
Tetrads
Group of four
73
Thylakoids
Vesicle of a chloroplast formed by an elaborate folding of the inner membrane to form discs. Solar energy trapped in the __________ is used in photosynthesis
74
Types
75
Vibrio
A curved, rod shaped bacterial cell

Microbiology (19 decks)

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