Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Acid-fast stain

A

The property of Mycobacteria to retain carbol fusion even in the presence of acid alcohol. The standing procedure is used to diagnose tuberculosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Amphitirichous 

A

Having a single flagellum or a tuft of flagella at opposite poles of a microbial cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Appendages

A

Accessory structure that sprouts from the surface of bacteria. They can be divided into two major groups; those that provide motility and those that enable adhesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Asexual reproduction

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bacillus

A

Bacterial cell shape that is rod shaped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Bacteria

A

Category of prokaryotes with peptidoglycan in their cell walls and the single, circular chromosome. This group of small cells is widely distributed in the earths habitats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Bacterial Actin

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Bacterial chromosome

A

A circular body and bacteria that contains the primary genetic material; also called nucleoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Basal body

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Capsule

A

In bacteria, the loose, gel light covering or slime made chiefly of simple polyaccharides. This layer is protective and can be associated with virulence 

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cells

A

An individual membrane-bound living entity; the smallest living unit capable of an independent existence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Chemo taxis

A

The tendency of cells to move in response to a chemical gradient (toward an attractive or to avoid adverse stimuli). In inflammation, it refers to the movement of blood cells and reaction to chemical signals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Chloroplast

A

An organelle containing chlorophyll that is found in photosynthetic eukaryotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Chromosomes

A

Tightly coiled bodies within cells, composed of DNA, that are the primary locations for genetic material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Coccobacillus

A

And elongated caucus; a short, thick, oval-shaped bacterial Rod

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Coccus

A

Spherical shaped bacterial cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Conjugation

A

And bacteria, the contact between donor and recipient cells associated with the transfer of genetic material such as plasmids. Can involve special (sex) pili . Also a form of sexual recombination and ciliated protozoans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Dense fluid encased by the cell membrane; the site of many of the cells biochemical and synthetic activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Cytoplasmic membrane

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Diplococci

A

Spherical or oval shaped bacteria, typically found in pairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Domain Archaea

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Domain bacteria

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

An intracellular network of flattened sacs or tubules with or without ribosomes on their surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Endospore

A

A small, dormant, resistant derivative of a bacterial cell that germinates under favorable growth conditions into a vegetative cell. The bacteria Genera bacillus and clostridium are typical spore formers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Filament

A

A helical structure composed of proteins that is part of a bacterial flagella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Fimbria

A

Short, numerous surface appendages on some bacteria that provide adhesion but not locomotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Flagellum

A

A long appendage used to propel an organism through a fluid environment. ___________ of bacteria and eukaryotes Are similar in general function but differ significantly and structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Fluid mosaic model

A

A conceptualization of the molecular architecture of cellular membranes as a by lipid layer containing proteins membrane proteins are embedded to some degree in this by layer, where they float freely about

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Genome

A

The complete set of chromosomes and genes in an organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Glycocalyx

A

A filamentes network of carbohydrate rich molecules that coats sells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

An organelle of eukaryotes that participates in packaging and secretion of molecules

32
Q

Gram stain

A

A differential stain for bacteria useful and identification and taxonomy. Positive organisms of your purple whereas negative organisms appear red after loss of crystal violet and absorbance of safranin

33
Q

Hook

A
34
Q

Inclusion bodies

A

A relatively inert body in the cytoplasm such as storage granules, glycogen, Fat, or some other aggregated metabolic product

35
Q

Irritability

A
36
Q

Lipopolysaccharide

A

A molecular complex of lipid and carbohydrate found in the bacterial cell wall. The LPS of gram-negative bacteria is an endotoxin with generalized pathologic effects such as a fever

37
Q

Lipo proteins

A
38
Q

Lophotrichous

A

Describing bacteria having a tuft or flagella at one or both poles

39
Q

Lysis

A

The physical rupture or deterioration of a cell

40
Q

Metabolism

A

A general term designating the totality of chemical processes occurring in a cell

41
Q

Metachromatic granules

A
42
Q

Micrococci

A



43
Q

Mitosis

A

Somatic cell division that preserves the somatic chromosome number

44
Q

Monotrichous

A

Describing a microorganism that there’s a single flagellum

45
Q

Motility

A

Self propulsion

46
Q

Mycoplasmas

A

Species of ______________ are among the smallest self replicating micro organisms. They naturally lack a cell wall. Most species of parasites of animals and plants

47
Q

Nucleoid

A

The undifferentiated space or region in the cytoplasm contains the bacterial genetic material. It is naked and not enclosed by a membrane

48
Q

Organelles

A

A small component of eukaryotic cells that is bounded by a membrane in specialized in function

49
Q

Outer membrane

A

A structure made of lipids in the outer layer of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria

50
Q

Palisades

A

The characteristic bacterial arrangement resembling a roll of fence posts created by cells snapping together

51
Q

Peptidoglycan

A

A network of polysaccharide chains crossed linked by short peptides that forms the Richard part of a bacterial cell wall. Graham negative bacteria have a smaller amount of this rigid structure then do gram-positive bacteria

52
Q

Periplasmic space

A

An open area between the cell wall and cell membrane in the cell on the lips of bacteria. Gram-negative bacteria have a more extensive space than do gram-positive bacteria

53
Q

Peritrichous

A

having flagella distributed over the entire cell

54
Q

Phenetic 

A

Based on phenotype, or expression of traits

55
Q

Phylogenetic

A

Classification system based on evolutionarily relationships

56
Q

Pilus

A

Small, Steph filamentous appendages and Graham negative bacteria that function and DNA exchanged during bacterial conjugation

57
Q

Plasmids

A

Extra chromosomal genetic unit categorized by several features. A ____________ is double stranded DNA that is smaller than and replicate independently of the cell chromosome; it bears genes that are not essential for cell growth; it can bear genes that code for adaptive traits; and it is transmissible to other bacteria

58
Q

Pleomorphism

A

Normal verability of cell shapes and a single species; bacteria having diverse shapes are called ________

59
Q

Polar

A

 term to describe a molecule with an asymmetrical distribution of charges. Having a negative pole and a positive pole

60
Q

Porins

A

Transmembrane proteins of the outer membrane of Graham negative sells the permit transfer of small molecules enter the periplasmic space bar the penetration of larger molecules

61
Q

Reproduction

A
62
Q

Ribosomes

A

A macromolecular complex that coordinates the codons of mRNA with tRNA anti-codons and, and so doing, constitutes approaching assembly site. It is composed of ribosomal RNA and protein

63
Q

rickettsias

A

Medically important family of tiny, intracellular parasitic bacteria, commonly carried by ticks, lice, and fleas. Cause of rocky mountain spotted fever and typhus

64
Q

Sarcina

A

A cubicle packet of eight, 16, or more cells; the cellular arrangement of the genus Sarcina in the family micrococcacaea

65
Q

Sexual reproduction

A
66
Q

Slime layer

A
67
Q

Spirillum

A

A type of bacterial cell with a rigid spiral shape and external Flagella

68
Q

Spirochete

A

A coiled, spiral shaped bacterium that has endoflagella and flexes as it moves

69
Q

Sporangium

A

A fungal cell in which asexual spores are formed by multiple self cleavage. This division results and sporangiospores

70
Q

staphylococci

A

Coccus shaped bacteria arranged in irregular clusters

71
Q

Strains

A

A set of descendants clone from a common ancestor that retain the original characteristics. Any deviation from the original is a different strain

72
Q

Tetrads

A

Group of four

73
Q

Thylakoids

A

Vesicle of a chloroplast formed by an elaborate folding of the inner membrane to form discs. Solar energy trapped in the __________ is used in photosynthesis

74
Q

Types

A
75
Q

Vibrio

A

A curved, rod shaped bacterial cell

Microbiology (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions