Lab 2 questions Flashcards by Jacey Golden

mesophiles

20-40 C

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Thermophiles

60-80 C

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Psychrophiles

<20 C

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Psycrotrophs

special mesophiles; cold-tolerant mesophiles capable of growing at much colder conditions

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neutrophiles

6-8

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acidophiles

less than 4

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alkalinophiles

greater than 8

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E coli

diarrheas, SSTI’s, UTIs, genetic research

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Salmonella enterica

food poisoning

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Enterobacteriaceae Family common features

-gram negative bacilli
-facultative anaerobe
-oxidase negative
-catalase positive
-motile
-able to ferment glucose
-mesophilic

coliforms are enterobacteriaceae that can ferment lactose

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carbohydrate fermentations

Used to determine which carbohydrates an organism can ferment and which carbohydrate it cannot ferment
Phenol Red Broth is a carbohydrate free base medium

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Orange tube - sorbitol

did NOT ferment sorbitol

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Yellow tube - sorbitol

Did ferment sorbitol made acidic wastes

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Red tube - sorbitol

did NOT ferment sorbitol
DID digest proteins
released ammonia from amino acids

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Bubble in Durham tube

production of gas

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enzyme is

protein that controls a chemical reaction

catalyst is..

something that triggers a chemical reaction but that is not changed by the reaction

endoenzymes

remain inside cells to perform their function

exoenzymes

secreted from the cell to perform their functions

oxidase performs…

the last step of the electron transport chain during cellular respiration

catalase performs…

converts hydrogen peroxide to H20 and O2, it protects cells from hydrogen peroxide damage

exoenzymes

-function outside of the cell that made it
-digestion of macromolecules
-ex: amylase, casease, penicilinase

sometimes reagents …

need to be added to complete the test

Amylase

-exo or endo
-grown on
-substrate
-product
-reagent
-results
-meaning

-exoenzyme
-grown on: starch agar
-substrate: starch
-product: glucose
-reagent: Iodine
-results: clear zone around the growth
-meaning: clear because starch has been digested ; starch digested because organism secreted the exoenzyme amylase

Casease -exo or endo -grown on -substrate -product -reagent -results -meaning

-ezoenzyme -grown on: milk agar -substrate: casein -product: amino acids -reagent: none -results: clear zone around the growth -meaning: clear because casein had been digested; casein digested because organism secreted the exoenzyme casease

Gelatinase -exo or endo -grown on -substrate -product -reagent -results -meaning

-exoenzyme -grown on: nutrient gelatin -substrate: gelatin -product: amino acids -reagent: none -results: runny medium or solid medium -meaning: runny if the gelatin has been digested; gelatin digested because organism secreted the exoenzyme gelatinase

oxidase -exo or endo -grown on -substrate -product -reagent -results -meaning

-endoenxyme -grown on: any medium able to grow organism -substrate: oxidase substrate -product: reduced oxidase substrate -reagent: oxidase substrate -results: purply-blue -meaning: Purply-blue indicates that the oxidase substrate has been reduced; oxidase substrate was reduced because the organism produced the endoenzyme oxidase

Methyl Red test

-detects the production of stable acidic wastes from fermentation of carbohydrates -simple pH -Red- produced stable organic acids -not red- did NOT produce stable organic acids

Voges Proskauer test

-detects the production of unstable acidic wastes from fermentation of carbohydrates -barrett's A and B reagents -red= organism produces unstable acid waste -not red= did NOT produce unstable acid waste

Citrate Utilization

can the organism use citrate (citric acid) as a carbon source? -Blue= can use citrate -Green= cannot use citrate

IMViC tests

-indole production -methyl red -voges proskauer -citrate utilization

Indole production

- digesting tryptophan by reoving the side cahin from this amino acid - DMACA -teal = produces indole -pink = does not produce indole`

Listeria monocytognes

- G- bacillus, psycotroph - diary and meat products - high affinity for fetal tissue - zero tolerance

salmonella enterica

- G- enterobacteriaceae - only if feces is present - food poisoning - zero tolerance

staphylococcus aureus

- G+ coccus - skin and respiratory tract - bad hygiene at deli counter - grows in food, producing toxins - food poisoning due to intoxication, not infection