Terminology and Orientation Flashcards
Define anatomy and its two broad categories
Anatomy = the study of the structure of the human body.
Macroscopic (gross) = structure of the body that is visible to the naked eye.
Microscopic = structure of the body that is not visible to the naked eye.
Describe the levels of structural organisation of the body?
Organism (human)
Organ system (digestive system)
Organ (intestine)
Tissue (NECM)
Cellular (epithelial cells)
Chemical (water molecules)
Describe the anatomical position?
Stand erect, feet flat on the floor, arms by the side, palms, head and eyes facing forward.
Define directional terms?
Proximal & Distal =
Medial & Lateral =
Superior & Inferior =
Rostal & Caudal =
Anterior & Posterior =
Ventral & Dorsal =
Superficial & Deep =
Ipsilateral & contralateral =
Proximal & Distal = towards/away the trunk of the body.
Medial & Lateral = towards/away the midline of the body.
Superior & Inferior = towards the head/feet.
Rostal & Caudal = Towards the nose/rear.
Anterior & Posterior = towards the front/back.
Ventral & Dorsal = Infront/Behind the CNS.
Superficial & Deep = towards/away the surface of the body.
Ipsilateral & Contralateral = same/opposite side of the body.
Define body planes?
Transverse = superior/inferior.
Sagittal = left+right (mid = middle & para near middle).
Coronal = anterior/posterior.
Name the major body regions?
Axial Region (central axis):
Head, neck & trunk (thoracic, abdominal, pelvic, perineum, back region).
Appendicular Region (limbs):
Upper (shoulder, arm, forearm, hand) & Lower (gluteal, thigh, leg, foot).
Name the major cavities?
Ventral (anterior) cavity:
thoracic (heart and lungs) & abdominopelvic cavities (digestive organs, etc).
Dorsal (posterior) cavity:
cranial cavity (brain) & vertebral canal (spinal cord).
Name the major systems?
CLIMNERS RUD:
Cardiovascular
Lymphatic
Integumentary (skin)
Muscular
Nervous
Endocrine
Reproductive
Skeletal
Respiratory
Urinary
Digestive systems.
