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ANAT1001 - Introduction to Anatomy > Muscle Tissue > Flashcards

Muscle Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Muscle Tissue

A

Mesoderm

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2
Q

Describe the five properties of muscle tissue?

A

Excitability:
MC can respond to a stimulus.

Conductivity:
MC have an excitable plasma membrane (sarcolemma) that conduct an electrical impulse.

Contractility:
Contractile proteins that allow them to produce movement.

Extensibility:
Can lengthen as well as shorten.

Elasticity:
Can return to their original shape.

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3
Q

Identify where the 3 different type of muscle tissue are located?

A

Cardiac:
Only found on the myocardium layer in the heart wall.

Skeletal:
Found in the muscles that attach to bones.

Smooth:
Found lining the walls of blood vessels and hollow organs, as well as in the eye.

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4
Q

Label the image of the skeletal muscle?

A
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5
Q

Label the image of the skeletal muscle?

A
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6
Q

List the 5 function of skeletal muscles?

A
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7
Q

Describe the following functions of skeletal muscles?

Body movement
Maintenance of posture
Protection and support

A

Body movement:
SM are attached to bones and produce movement when they contract & pull on these bones.

Maintenance of posture:
Deep back skeletal muscles stabilise joints and maintain’s the body’s posture.

Protection and support:
The anterior abdominal wall muscles help to protect and support the position of internal organs.

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8
Q

Describe the following functions of skeletal muscles?

Regulation and elimination of materials
Heat production

A

Regulation and elimination of materials:
Sphincters that surround the openings of the GI & urinary tracts allow us to regulate the passage of waste materials.

Heat production:
Heat is produced as a by-product of SM contraction = help maintain normal body temp.

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9
Q

What is a whole skeletal muscles surrounded by and what does this layer blend with?

A

Surrounded by a layer of dense irregular connective tissue (epimysium)

Blends with an additional external layer of dense irregular connective tissue (deep fascia), which separates individual skeletal muscles and binds muscles with similar functions together.

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10
Q

What is the skeletal muscle itself composed of and surrounded by?

A

Composed of many fascicles (bundle of skeletal muscle cells), which are surrounded by a layer of dense irregular connective tissue called perimysium.

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11
Q

What is a myofiber and what are they composed of?

A
  1. A long, cylindrical cell with multiple peripherally located nuclei.
  2. Composed of many myofibrils, which are the contractile elements of a myofiber.
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12
Q

What are the 2 types of myofilaments and what are they composed of?

A

Thick filaments:
Composed of myosin filaments.

Thin filaments:
Composed of actin molecules.

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13
Q

Label this skeletal myofibre structure?

A
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14
Q

Where are sarcomeres found and what are there function?

A

These myofilaments are arranged in repetitive units called sarcomeres, which are the basic functional contractile units of a myofiber.

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15
Q

What is a sarcomere composed of?

A

Composed of overlapping thick and thin filaments and has several regions.

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16
Q

Label this image of a sarcomere?

A
17
Q

What travels through the epimysium and perimysium connective tissue layers of skeletal muscles?

A

An extensive network of blood vessels and nerves.

18
Q

Why are skeletal muscles voluntary?

A

Skeletal muscles are innervated by the somatic nervous system, which is the voluntary component of the peripheral nervous system.

19
Q

What innervates skeletal muscles?

A

The somatic nervous system innervates structures of the body wall, including skeletal muscles.

20
Q

What happens at a neuromuscular junction?

A

Chemicals called neurotransmitters are released from the axon terminals of the motor neuron and these transmit the electrical impulse from the neuron to the myofiber, thus stimulating it.

21
Q

Label the image of this skeletal muscle?

A
22
Q

What are cardiac muscle cells surrounded by?

A

Surrounded by a layer of areolar connective tissue called endomysium.

23
Q

What is a unique feature about cardiac muscle cells?

A

They are branched and are joined to adjacent cardiac muscle cells at junctions called intercalated discs.

24
Q

What is the function of cell junctions including desmosomes and gap junctions?

A

Desmosomes:
Provide strong adhesion between cells

Gap junctions:
Connect the cytoplasm of adjacent cells together via a small tunnel or pore, allowing small molecules to travel between them.

25
Q

Label this image of a cardiac muscle?

A
26
Q

What is the shape of a smooth muscle cells?

A

Short, fusiform-shaped cell with a single, cigar-shaped, centrally located nucleus.

27
Q

What are smooth muscle cells surrounded by?

A

Surrounded by a layer of areolar connective tissue called endomysium.

28
Q

Label the image of a smooth muscle?

A
29
Q

Describe and compare the three different types of muscle tissue?

A

ANAT1001 - Introduction to Anatomy (41 decks)

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