Nervous System 2 - Brain Part 1 Flashcards
Identify the major parts of the brain?
Identify the parts of the brain?
What is gray matter’s critical role and where is it located in the brain?
Role:
Information processing.
Location:
- The cerebral cortex.
- Deep in the brain, there are groups of gray matter called nuclei.
What is white matter’s critical role and what is it composed of?
Role:
Connects and facilitate communication between different parts of the brain.
Composed of:
Myelinated axons (very fine electrical wires that are exceptionally well insulated so they don’t lose speed of conduction).
Label the coronal section of the brain?
Identify the highlighted part of the cerebrum?
Identify the lobes of the brain and include the function each lobe is responsible for?
Identify the functional areas of the cerebral cortex?
Define gyri & sulci and explain what is important about them?
Gyri = folds/ridges.
Sulci = shallow depressions between folds
Importance:
They demarcate special regions of the brain and lobes respectively.
Identify the sulci and gyri that differentiate the lobes of the brain?
What is the function of gyri?
To significantly increase the surface area of the brain.
Identify the lobes, gyris and sulci of the brain?
Describe the role of the 4 main gyri?
PG
PG
Precentral Gyrus:
This is the primary motor area of the cerebral cortex controlling voluntary movements.
Postcentral Gyrus:
This is the primary somatosensory area of the cerebral cortex receiving and processing all somatosensory information (touch, nociception, temperature, proprioception).
Describe the role of the 4 main gyri?
STG
IFG
Superior Temporal Gyrus:
This contains the Wernicke’s area which allows us to interpret language by recognising speech.
Inferior Frontal Gyrus:
Broca’s area, critical for speech production, is located in this gyrus.
What is the importance of homunculus?
In neuroanatomy, the cortical homunculus represents either the motor or the sensory distribution along the cerebral cortex of the brain.
Identify the parts of the cerebellum?
Explain the functions of the cerebellum?
Motor control of movement:
Co-ordinating and fine-tuning every day or gross complex movements.
Balance and co-ordination:
Integrating information from your inner ear, joints and muscles to maintain balance and posture.
Cognitive functions:
Role in language processing, attention and memory.
Identify parts of the cerebellum from an anterior view?
Identify parts of the cerebellum from a superior view?
Identify the fissures & lobes of the cerebellum?
What is the outer layer of grey matter called in the cerebellum & what is its appearance?
Cerebellar cortex (like cerebral cortex).
Appearance:
Folded into folia (thin leaf like structure).
What is the white matter deep to the grey matter called in the cerebellum & what is its appearance?
Arbor vitae (like white matter of cerebrum).
Appearance:
It has a branched, tree-like appearance.
What are the masses of grey matter deep within the white matter called?
The cerebellar nuclei (like basal nuclei of cerebrum).
Identify the midsagittal section of the cerebellum?
Explain how the neural tube forms?
- Ectoderm (outer tissue layer) thickens and forms a neural plate.
- Plate begins to fall inward, forming a groove called the neural groove.
- Neural folds begin to fold inwards eventually forming the neural tube (becomes the brain and spinal cord).
Understand the basic embryonic development of the brain?
Identify the parts of the brain?
Label the pyramids, decussation of pyramids and olives of the brainstem?
What is the function of the midbrain?
What do the nuclei in the midbrain control?
Regulates breathing, heart rate and consciousness.
Control visual and auditory reflexes, eye movements, and coordination of movements.
What is the function of the pons?
What do the nuclei in the pons control?
Facilitates communication between the cerebrum and cerebellum.
Regulating sleep, respiration, and facial movements.
What is the function of the medulla oblongata?
What do the nuclei in the medulla oblongata control?
Controls essential functions (e.g. breathing, heart rate, blood pressure) & reflexes such as swallowing, coughing, and vomiting.
Responsible for relaying sensory and motor information between the brain and spinal cord.
Identify the 3 parts of the diencephalon?
What is the role of the diencephalon?
Sensory processing, homeostasis, and the regulation of various physiological functions within the body.
What is the thalamus and hypothalamus responsible for?
Thalamus:
Relaying sensory impulses & maintenance of consciousness.
Hypothalamus:
Regulates vital functions (temperature, thirst, hunger and circadian rhythms) & controls our body’s hormones through the endocrine system.
What are the 2 parts of the epithalamus and what are their functions:
Pineal gland:
Secretes melatonin, which promotes sleepiness and sets the body’s sleep-wake cycles.
Habenula:
Regulating mood, reward processing, and stress responses, as well as a role in olfaction (smell).
Identify the parts of the limbic system?
Explain the functions of each part in the lymbic system?
Hippocampus = memory function and spatial navigation.
Amygdala = regulates emotions relative to survival and threat (e.g anger).
Thalamus = relay sensory and motor information to cerebral cortex.
Hypothalamus = maintain homeostasis in the body.
Basal ganglia = regulates voluntary motor control.
Limbic lobe = integrates emotions, memories and behaviours.
Define the glossary terms?
