Muscular System 4 - Appendicular Muscles: Lower Limb

Question 1

Name the main groups of appendicular muscles (lower limb)?

Answer 1

Muscles of the gluteal region
Muscles of the thigh
Muscles of the leg
Muscles of the foot

Question 2

What are the functions of muscles that cross the hip joint:
a) Anteriorly
b) Posteriorly
c) Above it
d) Medially & below it

Answer 2

a) Anteriorly = flex it.

b) Posteriorly = extend it.

c) Above it = abduct it.

d) Medially & below it = adduct it.

Question 3

Label the muscles of the gluteal region?

Answer 3

Question 4

Label the gluteal muscles?

Answer 4

Question 5

Explain the function of the gluteus maximus based on its attachments and locations?

Answer 5

Question 6

What is deep to the gluteus medius muscles?

Answer 6

The gluteus minimus muscle (its synergist).

Question 7

Label the muscles of the thigh?

Answer 7

Question 8

Label the muscles of the anterior thigh?

Answer 8

Question 9

Label the quadriceps femoris muscles?

Answer 9

Question 10

Explain the function of the anterior compartment of the muscles of the thigh based on its attachments and locations?

Answer 10

Question 11

After all 4 parts of the quadriceps femoris merge to form the strong quadriceps femoris tendon, where do they all distally attach to?

Answer 11

The tibial tuberosity on the anterior proximal tibia.

Question 12

Label the muscles of the posterior and medial thigh?

Answer 12

Question 13

Explain the function of the posterior compartment of the thigh muscles based on its attachments and locations?

Answer 13

Question 14

What is the function of medial thigh muscles?

Answer 14

They are the adductors of the thigh at the hip joint due to their position.

Question 15

Label compartments of the leg?

Answer 15

Question 16

Explain the function of the compartments of the leg?

Answer 16

Anterior compartment:
These muscles are the foot extensors and invertors.

Posterior compartment:
Deep group = flex both the digits and the foot.

Lateral compartment:
These muscles flex during eversion of the ankle joint.

Question 17

Label the superficial group of the posterior leg muscles?

Answer 17

Question 18

Explain the function of the superficial posterior leg muscles based on its attachments and locations?

Answer 18

Question 19

Label the muscles of the foot?

Answer 19

Question 20

Explain the function of the muscles of the foot based on its attachments and locations?

Answer 20

Question 21

What is the function of the dorsal and plantar muscles of the foot?

Answer 21

Dorsal:
Dorsiflexion of the foot (pointing the toes towards the shin).

Plantar:
Plantarflexion of the foot (pointing the toes down).

Question 22

Identify the prime flexors & prime extensors of the hip joint, knee joint, and ankle joint?

Answer 22

Hip joint:
Flexor = iliopsoas, rectus femoris.
Extensor = gluteus maximus, hamstrings.

Knee joint:
Flexor = hamstrings, sartorius.
Extensor = quadriceps femoris.

Ankle joint:
Flexor = gastrocnemius, soleus.
Extensor = anterior compartment of the leg (infront of the shin).