Special Senses Part 1 - Introduction, Olfaction, Gustation Flashcards
Define a sensation?
The conscious or subconscious awareness of changes in the external or internal environment.
What are the 4 elements required for a sensation to occur?
A stimulus
A sensory receptor
A conduction
An interpretation
List the different types of sensory receptors based on their functions?
Mechanoreceptors
Thermoreceptors
Nociceptors
Photoreceptors
Chemoreceptors
Osmoreceptors
Identify the general classification of senses?
What are the functions of general senses (somatic & visceral) and special senses?
Somatic general senses:
Provide sensory information about the body and the environment.
Visceral general senses:
Provide information about various internal organs, primarily involving pain and pressure.
Special senses:
Are more specialized in structure and are localized to specific parts of the body.
What does the olfactory epithelium occupy and contain?
–> Occupies the upper portion of the nasal cavity.
–> Contains olfactory receptor cells (olfactory neurons), which are first-order neurons of the olfactory pathway.
What does the distal processes (dendrites) of olfactory receptors cells contain?
Cilia (olfactory hairs) that project into the olfactory epithelium.
What are the proximal processes of olfactory sensory neurons called and which bony feature do they pass through on the cranium?
Axons (unmyelinated) and pass through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone.
What nerve do the bundles of axons of the olfactory receptor cells collectively form?
Olfactory nerve (CN I)
Where do the olfactory nerves in the brain terminate?
The olfactory bulbs
What occurs in the olfactory bulbs?
The sense of smell:
The axons of olfactory neurons (the first-order neurons) form synapses with the second-order neurons of the olfactory bulb.
Where do some of the axons of the olfactory tract project into?
The primary olfactory area in the temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex, where conscious awareness of smell begins.
Label the olfactory region?
Where are the receptors for taste located?
In the taste buds (most of which are on the tongue).
Where are the taste buds in the tongue located?
Located in elevations called papillae.
Identify the vallate papillae?
