Muscular System 2 - Axial Muscles Flashcards
Name the main groups of axial muscles?
- Muscles of the head and neck.
- Muscles of the back.
- Muscles of the thorax.
- Muscles of the abdominal wall.
- Muscles of the pelvic floor.
Label the muscles of facial expression?
What nerve are the muscles of facial expression innervated by?
Cranial Nerve VII (the facial nerve)
Explain muscle actions based on their attachments and locations - muscles of the head and neck?
Label the extrinsic eye muscles?
Explain muscle actions of the extrinsic eye muscles?
Allowing the eyes to follow a moving object and providing external support.
What nerve are the extrinsic eye muscles innervated by?
3 cranial nerves:
Numbers III (oculomotor nerve)
IV (trochlear nerve)
VI (abducens nerve)
Label the muscles of mastication?
What nerve are the muscles of mastication innervated by?
Cranial nerve number V (the trigeminal nerve).
Explain muscle actions based on their attachments and locations - muscles of mastication?
Label the muscles moving the tongue?
What nerve are most of the extrinsic tongue muscles innervated by?
Cranial nerve number XII (the hypoglossal nerve)
Explain muscle actions of the muscles moving the tongue?
- Intrinsic muscles
- Extrinsic muscles
Intrinsic muscles:
Change the shape of the tongue during speaking and chewing.
Extrinsic muscles:
Movement of the tongue.
Label the muscles of the pharynx?
What nerve are the pharyngeal constrictors innervated by?
Cranial nerve number X (the vagus nerve)
Explain muscle actions of the muscles of the pharynx?
Pharynx:
Helps you to breathe as well as ingest food.
Label the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?
What nerve are the muscles of the larynx innervated by?
Cranial nerve number X (the vagus nerve)
What are the roles of the larynx?
- Serves as a passageway for air.
- Produces sound for speech.
- Prevents ingested materials from entering the trachea and the bronchi in the lungs.
Label the muscles of the hyoid?
Explain muscle actions based on the muscles moving the head and neck?
Anterolateral neck muscle group (suprahyoid & infrahyoid):
Both the supra hyoid and infra hyoid move the hyoid bone.
Label the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
What nerve are the Sternocleidomastoid Muscle innervated by?
Cranial nerve number XI (the accessory nerve).
Explain muscle actions based on their attachments and locations - muscles moving the head and neck?
Label the muscles of the back?
Explain the role of the back muscles?
Superficial layer (trapezius and the latissimus dorsi):
These muscles move the upper limb as well as the trunk.
Intermediate layer:
Forced respiration
Deep back muscles (includes the erector spinae):
Moving the vertebral column, maintaining posture and the normal curvatures of the vertebral column.
Label the muscles of the thorax?
What is the role of the internal & external intercostal muscles?
Internal intercostal muscles:
Depressing the ribs during forced respiration.
External intercostal muscles:
Elevate the ribs to assist the diaphragm.
Explain muscle actions based on their attachments and locations - muscles of the thorax (diaphragm)?
Label the muscles of the abdominal wall?
Explain muscle actions based on their attachments and locations - muscles of the abdominal wall?
Label the muscles of the pelvic floor?
Explain muscle actions of the muscles of the pelvic floor (perineum)?
Perineum:
Lifts the pelvic floor superiorly to release faeces and resists increased intra-abdominal pressure, assisting in expelling the contents of the urinary bladder, rectum and uterus.
