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ANAT1001 - Introduction to Anatomy > Cardiovascular System 2 - Blood Vessels > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System 2 - Blood Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

What does the systemic circulation consist of?

A

Arteries, veins and capillaries

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2
Q

What are capiallries?

A

Small blood vessels that connect arteries and veins.

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3
Q

What is the basic pattern of blood flow?

A
  1. Right side of heart
  2. Lungs
  3. Left side of heart
  4. Systemic cells

*** Repeat 🔄

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4
Q

Define the pulmonary and systemic circulation?

A

Pulmonary:
The circulation between the heart and the lungs.

Systemic:
The circulation between the heart and the body.

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5
Q

Name the three main tunics of the wall of a typical blood vessel?

A

Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica externa

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6
Q

What are the three main tunics of the wall of a typical blood vessel composed of?

A

Tunica intima = endothelium (simple squamous epithelium) & areolar connective tissue.

Tunica media = circularly arranged layers of smooth muscle.

Tunica externa = areolar connective tissue.

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7
Q

Label the histology slide of a veins and artery?

A
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8
Q

List the main differences in the structures of veins and arteries?

A
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9
Q

What are the different types of veins and arteries (from largest to smallest)?

A

Veins:
Large veins, medium sized veins and venules.

Arteries:
Elastic arteries, muscular arteries & arterioles.

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10
Q

Where do capillaries rank in the size of blood vessels & how are they formed?

A

They are the smallest of the blood vessels.

Formed by the union of arterioles and venules.
*Union of blood vessels = anastomosis.

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11
Q

What is the function of capillaries?

A

The site of gas and nutrient exchange between the blood and the tissues.

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12
Q

What is different for capillaries than veins and arteries & how does it relate to the function of capillaries?

A

Capillaries only contain a tunica intima in their walls and this layer is composed of only endothelium and a basement membrane.
∴ This allows for rapid gas and nutrient exchange.

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13
Q

What are the three main types of capillaries?

A

Continuous capillaries
Fenestrated capillaries
Sinusoids or discontinuous capillaries

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14
Q

What are 5 important concepts about arteries and veins?

A
  1. Arteries branch and become smaller as they travel further from the heart, while veins merge and become larger as they travel closer to the heart.
  2. Arteries are often paired (i.e. occur on both sides of the body).
  3. Arteries and veins travel together (in the opposite direction) and typically have corresponding names.
  4. Veins can be classified as either superficial veins or deep veins. Deep veins travel with correspondingly named arteries, but in the opposite direction.
  5. Deep veins that travel with larger arteries are single veins, while deep veins that travel with smaller arteries are typically paired.
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15
Q

Where does the aorta arise from the heart & what is its function?

A

The aorta arises from the left ventricle of the heart and carries oxygenated blood to all parts of the body.

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16
Q

What are the three main parts of the aorta & label them?

A

Aortic arch
Ascending aorta
Descending aorta

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17
Q

What are the main parts of the aortic arch?

A

Brachiocephalic trunk
Left common carotid artery
Left subclavian artery

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18
Q

What does the brachiocephalic trunk of the aortic arch divide into & what is their function?

A

Divides into the right common carotid artery and the right subclavian artery.

Function:
Right carotid artery = supply blood to the head and neck on the right side.
Right subclavian artery = supply blood to the right upper limbs.

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19
Q

What does the ascending aorta split into as it emerges from the left ventricle & what are their function?

A

It gives rise to the right and left coronary arteries.

Function:
These supply blood to the heart itself.

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20
Q

Label the arteries and different parts of this image?

A
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21
Q

What is the function of internal & external carotid arteries?

A

Internal carotid arteries:
Supply blood to internal skull structures.

External carotid arteries:
Supply blood to the external structures of the head and neck.

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22
Q

At which vertebrae do the common carotid arteries bifurcate into internal and external carotid arteries?

A

At approximately the level of C3 or C4 vertebrae.

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23
Q

What arteries do the vertebral arteries consist of & what combined artery do they form when entering the skull?

A

Vertebral artery = internal carotid arteries, R&L subclavian arteries.

Combine to form the basilar artery.

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24
Q

Label the arteries of the head and neck?

A
25
Q

What are examples of arteries coming from branches which originate from the thoracic aorta?

A

Posterior intercostal arteries (from the parietal branches supplying the thoracic and abdominal walls)

Bronchial arteries & oesophageal arteries (from the visceral branches supplying the the internal thoracic structures)

26
Q

Label the arteries of the abdomen?

A
27
Q

Where is the abdomen’s blood supply derived from?

A

The abdominal aorta.

28
Q

At which vertebrae does the abdominal aorta bifurcate into its arteries?

Name the arteries?

A

Bifurcates into the right and left common iliac arteries at approximately the level of L4 vertebrae.

29
Q

What is the function of the renal arteries and gonadal arteries?

A

Renal arteries:
Supply blood to the kidneys.

Gonadal arteries:
Supply blood to the gonads, or primary sex organs.

30
Q

What is the function of the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery & inferior mesenteric artery?

A

Celiac trunk:
Supplies blood to a particular group of digestive organs that are derived from a region called the foregut.

Superior mesenteric artery:
Supplies blood to a particular group of digestive organs that are derived from a region called the midgut.

Inferior mesenteric artery:
Supplies blood to a particular group of digestive organs that are derived from a region called the hindgut.

31
Q

Where is the pelvis’s blood supply derived from?

A

Internal iliac arteries

32
Q

What is the function of the external iliac arteries?

A

Continue into the lower limbs to supply them with blood.

33
Q

What is the order of bifurcation of the descending abdominal aorta?

A
  1. Descending abdominal aorta
  2. Common iliac artieres
  3. Internal & External iliac arteries
34
Q

Label the arteries of the pelvis?

A
35
Q

What is the function of the upper limb arteries?

A

Subclavian artery:
Supply blood to regions of the neck, shoulder and thorax.

Axillary artery:
Supply blood to the shoulder and thoracic regions.

Brachial artery:
Supply blood to the arm before bifurcating.

Radial artery:
Supplies blood to the forearm and wrist.

Ulnar artery:
Supplies blood to the forearm and wrist.

36
Q

Identify the arteries of the upper limb and identify their location?

A

Subclavian artery:
Arches superiorly above the clavicle and then passes underneath it, hence its name (‘sub’ = below, ‘clavian’ = clavicle).

Axillary artery:
The continuation of the subclavian artery after it passes the lateral border of the first rib. It travels through the axilla (referred to as the armpit).

Brachial artery:
The continuation of the axillary artery after it passes the inferior border of teres major muscle.It travels anteriorly through the arm, hence its name (‘brachium’ = arm).

Radial artery:
It travels laterally through the forearm.

Ulnar artery:
It travels medially through the forearm.

37
Q

What is the function of the lower limb arteries?

A

Femoral artery:
Supply blood to the hip and thigh regions.

Popliteal artery:
Supply blood to the knee region.

Anterior tibial artery:
Supply blood to the anterior compartment of the leg.

Posterior tibial artery:
Supply blood to the posterior compartment of the leg.

Fibular artery:
Supply blood to the anterior lateral of the leg.

38
Q

Identify the arteries of the lower limb and identify their location?

A

Femoral artery:
Travels anteriorly through the thigh,

Popliteal artery:
The continuation of the femoral artery after it passes through the adductor canal and emerges posteriorly to the knee in a depression called the popliteal fossa

Anterior tibial artery:
Passes through the interosseous membrane between the tibia and fibula in the leg, before travelling along the anterior surface of the interosseous membrane in the anterior compartment of the leg.

Posterior tibial artery:
Travels through the posterior compartment of the leg

Fibular artery:
A branch of the posterior tibial artery.

39
Q

Define tributary?

A

Veins have tributaries, which is a veins that drains into a larger vein.
*Note: Superficial veins are tributaries of (i.e. drain into) deep veins.

40
Q

What are superficial & deep veins?

A

Superficial veins are veins that travel within the subcutaneous tissue (i.e. underneath the skin).

Deep veins are veins that travel with the correspondingly named arteries.

Deep veins follow the same path as their correspondingly named arteries, but in the opposite direction.

41
Q

Define venae comitnantes?

A

Deep veins that travel with larger arteries are single veins, while deep veins that travel with smaller arteries are typically paired.

Venae comitantes = accompanying veins.

42
Q

What is the role of the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava & the coronary sinus?

A

Superior vena cava:
Drains blood from all structures above the diaphragm except the heart itself.

Inferior vena cava:
Drains blood from all structures below the diaphragm.

Coronary sinus:
Drains blood from the heart.

43
Q

Label the major veins of the body?

A
44
Q

Label the veins of the head and neck?

A
45
Q

What is the function and location of the external jugular vein?

A

Function:
Drains blood from the external structures of the head and neck into the subclavian vein
(i.e. the external jugular vein is a tributary of the subclavian vein).

Location:
Travels inferiorly through the neck, superficial to the sternocleidomastoid muscle.

46
Q

Located the coronary sinus & identify the remaining parts of the heart?

A
47
Q

Label the veins of the abdomen?

A
48
Q

Label the veins of the abdomen?

A
49
Q

What do the superior and inferior mesenteric veins form& what is the function of this system?

A

Form the portal venous system in the abdomen

Function:
Drains all the blood from the GI tract of the digestive system and transports it to the liver to be processed before it is returned to the systemic circulation.

50
Q

Label the veins of the pelvis?

A
51
Q

Label the veins of the upper limb?

A
52
Q

Label the veins of the lower limb?

A
53
Q

Explain the skeletal muscle pump?

A

As skeletal muscles contract, deep veins travelling between them are squeezed to assist with the return of venous blood to the heart, essentially forming a pump.

54
Q

What part of the body is the skeletal muscle pump important?

A

Relevant to the veins of the lower limb, where venous return occurs against gravity.

55
Q

Label the flowchart of the major arteries of the upper limb?

A
56
Q

Label the flowchart of the major arteries of the lower limb?

A
57
Q

Label the flowchart of the major arteries of the trunk?

A
58
Q

Label the flowchart of the deep veins of the trunk?

A

ANAT1001 - Introduction to Anatomy (41 decks)

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