Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANAT1001 - Introduction to Anatomy > Digestive System 3 - Accessory Digestive Organs > Flashcards

Digestive System 3 - Accessory Digestive Organs Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the structure of a tooth?

A

Crown:
The exposed part of a tooth

Neck:
The part of a tooth that forms fibrous joints called gomphoses with the sockets of the mandible or maxillae.

Root:
The narrow part between the crown and the root and is covered by the gums, or gingivae.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe the composition of a full set of permanent teeth?

A

Upper/Lower Jaw:
2 incisors
1 canine
2 premolars
3 molars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe the location and function of the tongue?

A

Location:
Within the oral cavity.

Function:
1. Mixing ingested material with saliva in the oral cavity and compress it against the palate to form a bolus. It then pushes the bolus towards the oropharynx to be swallowed.
2. Plays a role in sound production.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name the parts of the tongue?

A

Oral part
Pharyngeal part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the gross anatomy of the oral part of the tongue?

A

–> The part that sits on the floor of the oral cavity within the oral cavity proper.
–> Contains small projections called ‘papilla’ on its superior surface that aid in gripping ingested material and some also contain taste buds and touch receptors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe the gross anatomy of the pharyngeal part of the tongue?

A

–> The part of the tongue that extends into the oropharynx.
–> Contains a lingual tonsil, which acts as a first line of defence against any foreign substances that may be inhaled or ingested.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Identify the parts of the tongue?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the line pointing at & explain its function?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the location of salivary glands?

A

Within and around the oral cavity that drain their secretions into it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the functions of saliva?

A
  1. Assists with the initial stages of digestion by moistening ingested material and mixing with it to form a bolus, as well as beginning the process of chemical digestion through the production of enzymes.
  2. Dissolves the molecules in ingested material, allowing for the stimulation of taste buds on the tongue.
  3. Lubricates the oral cavity and has antibacterial properties that help to maintain oral hygiene.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 2 types of salivary glands?

A

Major salivary glands
Minor salivary glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name the 3 pairs of major salivary glands?

A

Parotid gland
Submandibular gland
Sublingual gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Label the lateral and anterior view of the tongue?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where do the major salivary glands drain saliva into?

A

Parotid gland:
Drains saliva into the oral vestibule opposite the upper second molar via a duct called the parotid duct.

Sublingual gland:
Drains saliva into the oral cavity proper at small openings called a sublingual fold via several small ducts called sublingual ducts.

Submandibular gland:
Drains saliva into the oral cavity proper at a papilla lateral to the lingual frenulum via a duct called the submandibular duct.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the location and function of the liver?

A

Location:
Primarily in the right upper quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity, extending into the left upper quadrant, sitting just underneath the diaphragm.

Function:
1. Production of bile to assist with the chemical digestion of lipids.
2. Detoxification of the blood.
3. Processing, sotring and releasing nutrients and vitamins from the blood.
4. Synthesis of blood plasma proteins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 2 surfaces of the liver?

A

Diaphragmatic surface (anterosuperior surface)
Visceral surface (posteroinferior surface)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the liver?

A

Right
Left
Caudate
Quadrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the 2 major lobes of the liver & what separates them?

A

Right lobe
Left lobe

Separated by a peritoneal fold called the falciform ligament.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does the right lobe of the liver subdivide into?

A

Into the caudate and quadrate lobes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What can found on the visceral surface of the liver?

A

Porta Hepatis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Label the diaphragmatic and visceral surfaces of the liver?

A
22
Q

What surrounds the liver?

A

A dense irregular connective tissue capsule that forms septa, which divide the liver into discrete units called hepatic lobules.

23
Q

Label the structure of a hepatic lobule?

A
24
Q

Label the structure of a hepatic lobule?

A
25
Q

Label the image?

A
26
Q

Label the image?

A
27
Q

Explain the function of the following parts of the liver:

Central vein
Bile canaliculi
Hepatic sinusoid

A

Central vein:
Drains blood out of the lobule.

Bile canaliculi:
They carry bile that has been produced by the hepatocytes towards the bile ductules in the portal triads.

28
Q

Explain the function of the following parts of the liver:

Hepatic sinusoid
Hepatocyte

A

Hepatic sinusoid:
Carry blood towards the central vein.

Hepatocyte:
Produce bile in the liver, store nutrients and vitamins from the blood and detoxify the blood.

29
Q

Where does the liver receive its blood from?

A

Celiac trunk via the Hepatic artery proper
Portal vein

30
Q

What is the function of the Hepatic artery proper & portal vein?

A

Hepatic artery proper:
Brings oxygenated blood to the liver.

Portal vein:
Brings deoxygenated but nutrient-rich blood to the liver.

31
Q

Describe the dual blood supply of the liver?
(Steps 1-3)

A
  1. Hepatic artery proper carry oxygenated blood & portal vein carry deoxygenated nutrient-ruch blood to the liver.
  2. The Hepatic artery proper and portal vein branch within the liver to reach the portal triads.
  3. The blood enters the Hepatic sinusoids, allowing minerals to travel to hepatocytes.
32
Q

Describe the dual blood supply of the liver?
(Steps 4-6)

A
  1. The hepatic sinusoids carry blood towards the central vein of each hepatic lobule.
  2. The central vein of each hepatic lobule drains blood from the lobules to form 2-3 hepatic veins.
  3. The hepatic veins drain blood from the liver into the IVC, returning it to the systemic circulation.
33
Q

Name the parts of the flowchart of the blood supply to the liver?

A
34
Q

Describe the location and function of the gallbladder?

A

Location:
In the right upper quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity.

Function:
To store and concentrate the bile produced in the liver until it is ready to be drained into the duodenum of the GI tract.

35
Q

Identify the location of the gallbladder?

A
36
Q

How is bile carried from the liver to the gallbladder?

A

The bile is carried by a network of ducts that is referred to as the biliary apparatus.

37
Q

Describe the biliary apparatus and how bile and pancreatic juice are drained into the duodenum?
(Steps 1-2)

A
  1. The left and right hepatic ducts merge to form the common hepatic duct.
  2. The common hepatic duct from the liver merges with the cystic duct from the gallbladder to form the common bile duct.
38
Q

Describe the biliary apparatus and how bile and pancreatic juice are drained into the duodenum?
(Steps 3-4)

A
  1. The common bile duct merges with the main pancreatic duct to form a swelling in the wall of the duodenum called the hepatopancreatic ampulla.
  2. The hepatopancreatic ampulla drains both the bile from the common bile duct and the pancreatic secretions from the main pancreatic duct into the duodenum, via an opening in the wall of the duodenum called the major duodenal papilla.
39
Q

Describe the location of the pancreas?

A

Primarily in the left upper quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity, posterior to the stomach, although extends into the right upper quadrant where it is related to the duodenum.

40
Q

Describe the function of the pancreas?

A

To produce and secrete digestive enzymes to:
1. Assist with the chemical digestion of ingested material in the GI tract.
2. Neutralise the acidity of chyme from the stomach.

41
Q

Label the gross anatomy parts of the pancreas?

A
42
Q

Name which parts of the pancreas are either intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

A

Intraperitoneal:
Tail of pancreas

Retroperitoneal:
Head of pancreas
Neck of pancreas
Body of pancreas

43
Q

What is the function of the acinar cells in the pancreas?

A

Produce the digestive enzymes in the pancreatic juice.

44
Q

What epithelium are the acinar cells in the pancreas made of?

A

Modified simple cuboidal epithelial cells

45
Q

What is the function of the main pancreatic duct?

A

Drains most of the pancreatic juice from the pancreas into the duodenum.

46
Q

What other duct drains a small amount of pancreatic juice into the duodenum?

A

Accessory pancreatic duct

47
Q

Label the 2 ducts of the pancreas?

A
48
Q

Label the histological parts of the pancreas?

A
49
Q

What is the primitive gut tube origin of the gallbladder and pancreas?

A

The foregut

50
Q

Describe the blood supply of the gallbladder and pancreas?

A

Since the celiac trunk supplies blood to the foregut, the gallbladder and pancreas receive their blood supply from the celiac trunk.

51
Q

From an anterior view, order the structures involved in the drainage of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum?

A

ANAT1001 - Introduction to Anatomy (41 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions