Articular System 3 - Knee Joint

Question 1

Identify the major joints of the lower limb?

Answer 1

Question 2

Define the major types of the lower limb according to the structural and functional classification?

Sacroiliac Joint
Hip Joint
Pubic Symphysis
Knee Joint
Proximal Tibiofibular Joint
Middle Tibiofibular Joint

Answer 2

Sacroiliac Joint = anterior part of this joint is a plane synovial articulation & the posterior part has a strong fibrous articulation.

Hip Joint = ball-and-socket synovial joint.

Pubic Symphysis = secondary cartilaginous joint.

Knee Joint = modified hinge synovial joint, plane synovial joint.

Proximal Tibiofibular Joint = plane synovial joint.

Middle Tibiofibular Joint = fibrous syndesmosis joint.

Question 3

Define the major types of the lower limb according to the structural and functional classification?

Distal Tibiofibular Joint
Ankle Joint
Tarsometatarsal Joint
Metatarsophalangeal Joints
Interphalangeal Joints

Answer 3

Distal Tibiofibular Joint = very strong fibrous joint.

Ankle Joint = hinge synovial joint.

Tarsometatarsal Joint = plane synovial joints.

Metatarsophalangeal Joints = condyloid synovial joints.

Interphalangeal Joints = hinge synovial joints.

Question 4

Label the structure of the knee joint?

Answer 4

Question 5

Label the structure of the knee joint?

Answer 5

Question 6

Label the structure of the knee joint?

Answer 6

Question 7

Label the structure of the knee joint?

Answer 7

Question 8

Label the muscles surrounding the knee joint?

Dynamic Stabilisers: Muscles

Answer 8

Question 9

State the structural and functional type of the knee joint?

Answer 9

Structure:
Modified hinge synovial joint.

Function:
Diarthroses (freely movable)

Question 10

List the movements possible at the knee joint?

Answer 10

Flexion & extension
Abduction & adduction
Medial & lateral rotation (a small amount)
Circumduction

Question 11

Why is the knee joint called a modified synovial joint?

Answer 11

Because the knee joint primarily allows flexion and extension with some slight rotation.
*Though this movement is very limited.

Question 12

What knee joint structure is analogous to the glenoid labrum in the shoulder joint?

Answer 12

The meniscus of the knee.

Question 13

What is the function of the menisci?

Answer 13

1. Provide shock absorption.
2. Distribute synovial fluid.
3. Stabilise the joint.

Question 14

What is the function of the cruciate ligaments?

Answer 14

1. ‘Lock the knee when standing.
2. Provides rotational stability of the knee.
3. Join and hold the tibia and the femur together.

Question 15

What is the function of the patella?

Answer 15

1. Patella helps our quadriceps move our leg.
2. Protects the knee joint.

Question 16

Does the knee joint have any bursae?

Answer 16

Yes, though they are vulnerable to inflammation.