Nervous System 3 - Brain Part 2

Question 1

Identify the cranial meninges and their spaces?

Answer 1

Question 2

Identify the cranial meninges?

Answer 2

Question 3

What are the roles of the meninges of the brain?

Answer 3

Containment:
Meninges help contain the brain and spinal cord to prevent excessive movement within its bones.

CSF circulation:
Between the arachnoid and pia mater is the subarachnoid space, which contains CSF.

Barrier function:
Blood-brain protective barrier = controls the passage of substances between the bloodstream and brain tissue.

Immunological function:
Contains immune cells that respond to infections.

Question 4

Identify the major cranial dural folds (dural partitions)?

Answer 4

Question 5

Identify the parts on this cadaveric image?

Answer 5

Question 6

Name and label the ventricles of the brain?

Answer 6

Question 7

Label the ventricles and choroid plexus of the brain?

Answer 7

Question 8

Explain the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid?

Answer 8

Question 9

What is the site of CSF production?

Answer 9

Choroid plexus

Question 10

What are the functions of cerebrospinal fluid?

Answer 10

Protection
Absorbs shock during high impacts to the head.

Buoyancy:
Buoyancy prevents the brain from being compressed.

Nutrient & waste transport:
ventricular system delivers CSF and removes waste.

Chemical regulation:
Regulations [chemicals] to maintain a stable area.

Neural function support:
CSF allows signalling molecules to diffuse.

Question 11

Where does the excess CSF reabsorb into?

Answer 11

Superior sagittal sinus (aka arachnoid granulations).

Question 12

Order the arterial flow associated with the internal carotid artery?

Answer 12

Common carotid artery –>
Internal carotid cartery –>
Anterior cerebral and middle cerebral artery

Question 13

Order the arterial flow associated with the vertebral artery?

Answer 13

Subclavian artery –>
Vertebral artery –>
Basilar artery –>
2 posterior cerebral arteries

Question 14

Label the main arteries travelling to and/or in the brain?

Answer 14

Question 15

What is the Circle of Willis and what is its function?

Answer 15

What is it:
A network of interconnected arteries at the base of the brain and anterior surface of the brainstem.

Function:
Provides collateral circulation and helps maintain blood flow to the brain if one of the major arteries becomes blocked.

Question 16

Identify the 7 arteries of the Circle of Willis?

Answer 16

Question 17

What are superficial and deep cerebral veins responsible for?

Answer 17

Responsible for draining blood into larger venous vessels in the skull called the dural venous sinuses.

Question 18

Describe the venous drainage process of the brain?

Answer 18

Most sinuses drain into:
Confluence of sinuses & the transverse sinus —> travels to the sigmoid sinus —> reaches the internal jugular vein —> internal jugular vein carries venous blood from the dural venous sinuses back to the heart.

Question 19

Identify and located the confluence of sinuses, the transverse sinus and the sigmoid sinus?

Answer 19

Question 20

How do the meningeal spaces differ around the brain and spinal cord?