Tendons Flashcards
What connects bone to bone?
ligaments
What connects muscle to bone?
Tendons
What is a tendinopathy?
Disease of a tendon
What is a tendonitis?
Inflammation of the tendon
What is a tendonosis?
Chronic tendon injury with cellular level damage.
What is tenosynovitis?
Inflammation of the tendon sheath
What is an enthesopathy?
Inflammation of the tendon origin
Where do tendons come from, embryologically?
The lateral mesoderm plate
What is a tendon made of?
Collagen
What type of collagen in a tendon made of?
Type I collagen
What is the main cell in the tendon?
Fibroblast
Where is it inappropriate to give steroid injections?
Achilles tendon
Extensor knee mechanism
Why is it inappropriate to give steroid injections in some joints?
If big joints and weightbearing then a tendon rupture could occur
Who are rotator cuff pathologies most common in?
People who work a lot overhead - painters
Athletes who throw
What examinable tests may be positive in rotator cuff?
Painful arc on abduction
Hawkins Kennedy
Jobes test
Scarf test
How are rotator cuff pathologies managed?
Rest
Physio
Steroid and LA injections
What imaging is gold standard for rotator cuff injuries?
USS
What does the surgical repair of a rotator cuff tear involve?
Arthroscopic suture
Which head of the biceps does biceps tendinopathy affect?
long head
Usually at the bicipital groove on proximal humerus
Where does the short head of the biceps originate from?
Coracoid process
Where does the long head of the biceps originate from?
Glenoid
Where is pain felt in biceps tendinopathy?
Anterior shoulder, radiating to elbow
What are the two classic signs of biceps rupture?
Popeye sign
Bruising
What is lateral epicondylitis commonly known as ?
Tennis elbow
What is the examinable test for lateral epicondylitis?
Mill’s test
What is the management of lateral epicondylitis?
Rest
Physio
Injections
What muscles are involved in medial epicondylitis?
Flexors of forearm
What muscles are involved in De Quervain’s tenosynovitis?
Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
What is Finklestein’s test?
Thumb in fist then ulnar deviation
What conditions are associated with De Quervain’s?
Pregnancy
RA
What parts of the knee are involved in the extensor mechanism?
Quadriceps muscle, tendon and the patella and the patellar tendon
What are the positive signs in extensor knee difficulties?
No SLR
palpable gap
Who does Osgood Schlatter’s syndrome affect?
Active adolescent boys
What is found on examination in Osgood Schlatter’s?
Tibial tuberosity pain
SLR pain
What are the clinical findings in Achille’s tendon rupture?
Bruising
unable to tiptoe stand
Simmond’s positive
What is the management of Achille’s rupture?
Plaster
Surgical repair
