Tendons

Question 1

What connects bone to bone?

Answer 1

ligaments

Question 2

What connects muscle to bone?

Answer 2

Tendons

Question 3

What is a tendinopathy?

Answer 3

Disease of a tendon

Question 4

What is a tendonitis?

Answer 4

Inflammation of the tendon

Question 5

What is a tendonosis?

Answer 5

Chronic tendon injury with cellular level damage.

Question 6

What is tenosynovitis?

Answer 6

Inflammation of the tendon sheath

Question 7

What is an enthesopathy?

Answer 7

Inflammation of the tendon origin

Question 8

Where do tendons come from, embryologically?

Answer 8

The lateral mesoderm plate

Question 9

What is a tendon made of?

Answer 9

Collagen

Question 10

What type of collagen in a tendon made of?

Answer 10

Type I collagen

Question 11

What is the main cell in the tendon?

Answer 11

Fibroblast

Question 12

Where is it inappropriate to give steroid injections?

Answer 12

Achilles tendon

Extensor knee mechanism

Question 13

Why is it inappropriate to give steroid injections in some joints?

Answer 13

If big joints and weightbearing then a tendon rupture could occur

Question 14

Who are rotator cuff pathologies most common in?

Answer 14

People who work a lot overhead - painters

Athletes who throw

Question 15

What examinable tests may be positive in rotator cuff?

Answer 15

Painful arc on abduction
Hawkins Kennedy
Jobes test
Scarf test

Question 16

How are rotator cuff pathologies managed?

Answer 16

Rest
Physio
Steroid and LA injections

Question 17

What imaging is gold standard for rotator cuff injuries?

Answer 17

USS

Question 18

What does the surgical repair of a rotator cuff tear involve?

Answer 18

Arthroscopic suture

Question 19

Which head of the biceps does biceps tendinopathy affect?

Answer 19

long head

Usually at the bicipital groove on proximal humerus

Question 20

Where does the short head of the biceps originate from?

Answer 20

Coracoid process

Question 21

Where does the long head of the biceps originate from?

Answer 21

Glenoid

Question 22

Where is pain felt in biceps tendinopathy?

Answer 22

Anterior shoulder, radiating to elbow

Question 23

What are the two classic signs of biceps rupture?

Answer 23

Popeye sign

Bruising

Question 24

What is lateral epicondylitis commonly known as ?

Answer 24

Tennis elbow

Question 25

What is the examinable test for lateral epicondylitis?

Answer 25

Mill’s test

Question 26

What is the management of lateral epicondylitis?

Answer 26

Rest
Physio
Injections

Question 27

What muscles are involved in medial epicondylitis?

Answer 27

Flexors of forearm

Question 28

What muscles are involved in De Quervain’s tenosynovitis?

Answer 28

Abductor pollicis longus

Extensor pollicis brevis

Question 29

What is Finklestein’s test?

Answer 29

Thumb in fist then ulnar deviation

Question 30

What conditions are associated with De Quervain’s?

Answer 30

Pregnancy

RA

Question 31

What parts of the knee are involved in the extensor mechanism?

Answer 31

Quadriceps muscle, tendon and the patella and the patellar tendon

Question 32

What are the positive signs in extensor knee difficulties?

Answer 32

No SLR

palpable gap

Question 33

Who does Osgood Schlatter’s syndrome affect?

Answer 33

Active adolescent boys

Question 34

What is found on examination in Osgood Schlatter’s?

Answer 34

Tibial tuberosity pain

SLR pain

Question 35

What are the clinical findings in Achille’s tendon rupture?

Answer 35

Bruising
unable to tiptoe stand
Simmond’s positive

Question 36

What is the management of Achille’s rupture?

Answer 36

Plaster

Surgical repair