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MSK > Foot and ankle > Flashcards

Foot and ankle Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two options for ankle OA?

A

Arthrodesis

Ankle replacement

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2
Q

What is the issue with ankle replacements?

A

Because the bones of the foot are small, it seems to loosen quite quickly and fails

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3
Q

What is hallux vagus?

A

Deformity of the big toe due to medial deviation of the 1st metatarsal

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4
Q

When is hallux valgus more common?

A

Women
RA
MS

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5
Q

Hallux valgus is not painful but when can it become painful?

A

If a bunion develops from where it rubs on shoes

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6
Q

What is the treatment for hallux valgus?

A

Conservative tx.

Wearing different shoes and using a spacer.

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7
Q

What is the caution with surgery for hallux valgus?

A

Pts seem dissatisfied and can shift pain

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8
Q

What is hallux rigidis?

A

OA of the 1st MTJ

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9
Q

What is the ideal treatment for hallux rigidis?

A

Arthrodesis

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10
Q

What must female patients be told about arthrodesis for hallux rigidis?

A

No more high heeled shoes!

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11
Q

What is a neuroma?

A

When nerves are irritated by ligaments and become inflamed and swollen

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12
Q

What is Morton’s neuroma?

A

Neuroma between 3rd/4th metatarsal

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13
Q

What may be seen on examination of a Morton’s neuroma?

A

Loss of sensation in the web space.

Medio-lateral compression of the metatarsal heads which produce a click which squeezed

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14
Q

What imaging can be used to diagnose a Morton’s neuroma?

A

USS

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15
Q

What is the treatment for a Morton’s neuroma?

A

Insole
Steroid injections
Excision

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16
Q

Where do metatarsal stress fractures occur?

A

2nd and 3rd metatarsals

17
Q

Why is x-ray not a reliable way of diagnosing a metatarsal stress fracture?

A

May not show until a callus appears

18
Q

What kind of antibiotics can predispose to tendonitis?

A

Quinolones e.g. ciprofloxacin

19
Q

Steroids can be used to treat tendonitis. Why are they not used to treat Achilles tendonitis?

A

Achilles is known to rupture if it has tendonitis and injection may precipitate this.

20
Q

What is plantar fascitiis?

A

Pain on the instep when walking with localised tenderness on palpation

21
Q

What are flat feet also called?

A

Pes planus

22
Q

True or False

Pes planus is always pathological in infants

A

False.

All infants have flat feet

23
Q

What does the tibialis posterior tendon do?

A

Supports the medial arch of the foot

24
Q

How is tibilalis posterior tendonitis treated?

A

Splint with medial arch

Surgical decompression

25
Q

What is pes cavus?

A

Abnormally high arch

MSK (30 decks)

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