Histology

Question 1

True or False

Skeletal muscle cells are multinucleate

Answer 1

True

Question 2

What is a fascicle?

Answer 2

A group of muscle fibres

Question 3

`What is epimysium?

Answer 3

Connective tissue which surrounds the whole muscle

Question 4

What is perimysium?

Answer 4

Connective tissue surrounding a single fascicle

Question 5

What is endomysium?

Answer 5

Connective tissue around a single muscle fibre

Question 6

What is a neuromuscular junction?

Answer 6

Where the axon of the motor neurone branch terminates

Question 7

What are the 3 types of skeletal muscle?

Answer 7

Type I, IIa and IIb

Question 8

What is type I skeletal muscle?

Answer 8

Slowly contracting fibres which have abundant mitochondria and are resistant to fatigue.

Question 9

What is type IIa skeletal muscle?

Answer 9

Relatively fast to contract but reasonably resistant to fatigue.
Relatively uncommon.

Question 10

What is type IIb skeletal muscle?

Answer 10

Fast contracting fibres which are majoratively anaerobic. Few mitochondria and fatigue easily.
Also called white fibres.

Question 11

Compare the rigidity, blood supply to and permeability of cartilage and bone.

Answer 11

Cartilage is semi-rigid while bone is rigid.
Cartilage is avascular which bone is nourished by vessels that are close to the tissue.
Cartilage is permeable while bone is not.

Question 12

What is a chondrocyte?

Answer 12

Cell which is found in cartilage.

Question 13

What do chrondrocytes do?

Answer 13

Secrete an extracellular matrix.

Question 14

What is the most common type of cartilage?

Answer 14

Hyaline.

Question 15

What does elastic cartilage look like?

Answer 15

Light yellow

Question 16

what is fibrocartilage?

Answer 16

Hybrid between elastic and hyaline.

It has bands of dense type I collagen.

Question 17

Where is hyaline cartilage found?

Answer 17

Articular surfaces.
Tracheal rings.
Costal cartilage.
Epiphyseal growth plates

Question 18

What is haemopoiesis?

Answer 18

Blood cell production.

Question 19

Where does haemopoiesis occur in utero?

Answer 19

Liver and spleen.

Develops to occur in bone marrow.

Question 20

In adulthood where does haemopoiesis occur?

Answer 20

Only in the axial skeleton and the limb girdle.

Question 21

What are the two types of tissue which makes up the bone?

Answer 21

The cortical bone on the outside which makes up the diaphysis.
The trabecular bone occupies the epiphysis.

Question 22

True or False.

There are no blood vessels in bones.

Answer 22

False.

Question 23

What are osteocytes?

Answer 23

A bone cell within the bone matrix

Question 24

What is an osteoblast?

Answer 24

Bone forming cells. Secretes osteoid (connective tissu glycosaminoglycans) which mineralises to form bone.

Question 25

What is an osteoclast?

Answer 25

Multinucleated cell which is responsible for bone resorption.

Question 26

What is Haversian canal?

Answer 26

A minute tube in bone which contain blood vessels.

Question 27

Which mineral principally makes up the bone?

Answer 27

Calcium phosphate.

Question 28

What is the longest muscle in the body?

Answer 28

Sartorius

Question 29

Why are type I skeletal muscle also called red fibres?

Answer 29

Contain lots of myoglobin so look red

Question 30

Where would you find type I skeletal muscles?

Answer 30

Back- need to work for long periods of time

Question 31

Where would you find type IIb skeletal muscles?

Answer 31

Fingers - need to work hard for little lengths of time

Question 32

Where would you find fibrocartilage?

Answer 32

intervertebral discs

Question 33

What is woven bone?

Answer 33

Bone which is laid down after a break.

Fibres haphazard and not as strong as labellar bone.

Question 34

What kind of bone is found in the diaphysis?

Answer 34

Cortical bone

V dense

Question 35

What kind of bone is found in the epiphysis?

Answer 35

Trabecular/cancellous

Question 36

Where is the diaphysis of a bone?

Answer 36

The shaft