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MSK > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the six regions of the lower limb?

A 
Gluteal
Femoral
Knee
Leg
Ankle
Foot
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2
Q

What are the superficial muscles in the gluteal region?

A

Gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and tensor fascia latae

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3
Q

What roles do the superficial muscles of the gluteal region play?

A

Extensors, abductors and medial rotators of the thigh

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4
Q

What nerves are involved in the superficial gluteal muscles?

A

Obturator

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5
Q

What is Trendelenburg’s gait?

A

Pelvis will tilt and looks like one leg is too long.

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6
Q

What are the deep muscles involved in the gluteal region?

A

Piriformis
Obturator internus
Gemelli
Quadratus femoris

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7
Q

What do the deep muscles in the gluteal region do?

A

Lateral rotators of thigh

Hip stabiliser

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8
Q

What is the nerve innervation for the deep muscles of the gluteal region?

A

The nerves of the sacral plexus

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9
Q

Where do the nerves enter and exit the pelvis from?

A

The greater and lesser sciatic foramen

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10
Q

What ligaments make up the lesser sciatic foramen?

A

Sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments

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11
Q

Where does the sciatic nerve arise from?

A

L4- S3

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12
Q

What does the sciatic nerve supply?

A

Posterior thigh, all leg and foot muscles

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13
Q

Where does the pudendal nerve arise from?

A

S2-S4

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14
Q

What does the pudendal nerve supply?

A

Perineum

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15
Q

Where does the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh arise from?

A

S1-S3

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16
Q

What does the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh supply?

A

Skin over posterior thigh, popliteal fossa, lateral perineum

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17
Q

What does the sciatic nerve separate into at the distal thigh?

A

Tibial nerve

Common fibular

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18
Q

What artery is involved with the sciatic nerve?

A

Artery to the sciatic nerve

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19
Q

What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?

A 
Superior- inguinal ligament
Medial - lateral border of adductor longus
Lateral- medial border of sartorius
Floor- iliopsoas and pectinus
Roof- fascia lata
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20
Q

What is the contents of the femoral triangle?

A

Femoral nerve
Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Lymphatics

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21
Q

What are the 3 compartments of the thigh?

A

Anterior
Medial
Posterior

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22
Q

What are the 3 compartments of the leg?

A

Anterior
Lateral (LEG HAS LATERAL)
Posterior

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23
Q

In the anterior thigh what are the muscles involved?

A

Flexors: Pectinus, ilipsoas, sartorius
Extensors: quadriceps femoris

24
Q

What nerves are involved in the anterior thigh?

Remember psoas major is different!

A

All femoral nerves L2,3,4

and psoas major L1,L2,L3

25
Q

What are the adductor muscles of the medial thigh?

A

Adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, gracilis, obturator externus

26
Q

What is the nerve supply to the medial thigh?

Remember adductor magnus is different!

A

Obturator nerve.
L2,3,4
Hamstring part of adductor magus is tibial nerve

27
Q

What muscles are involved in the posterior thigh?

A

Semitendinosus, semimembranosus and biceps femoris

28
Q

What is the nerve supply to the posterior thigh?

A

The tibial division of the sciatic nerve.

L5, S1, S2

29
Q

What muscles are involved in the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Tibialis anterior, extensor digitorium longus, extensor hallucis longus, fibularis tertius

30
Q

What is the nerve supply to the anterior leg?

A

Deep fibular nerve.

L4,5

31
Q

What are the muscles involved in the lateral leg?

A

Fibularis longus

Fibularis brevis

32
Q

What is the nerve supply to the lateral leg?

A

Superficial fibular nerve
L5,S1, S2
SAME AS POSTERIOR THIGH

33
Q

What superficial muscles are involved in the posterior leg?

A

Gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris

34
Q

What is the nerve innervation to the posterior leg?

A

tibial nerve

35
Q

What are the deep muscles involved in the posterior leg?

A

popliteus
flexor hallucis longus
flexor digitorum longus
tibialis posterior

36
Q

What is contained within the popliteal fossa?

A

Fat
Terminal small saphenous vein
Tibial and common fibular nerves

37
Q

What are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?

A

superolaterally- biceps femoris
superomedially- semimembranosus
inferiorly- gastrocnemius
roof- popliteal fascia

38
Q

What structure does the superficial lymphatics follow?

A

Saphenous veins

39
Q

Where do the superficial lymphatics drain to?

A

Superficial inguinal lymph nodes then to the external iliac nodes

40
Q

What structures do the deep lymphatics follow?

A

The deep veins

41
Q

Where do the deep lymphatics drain to?

A

Popliteal lymph nodes then to the deep inguinal and finally end up in the external iliac nodes (same as superficial)

42
Q

What kind of joint is the hip joint?

A

Ball and socket

43
Q

Which two structures articulate to make the hip joint?

A

Head of femur

Acetabulum of hip

44
Q

True or False

The hip joint is a cartilaginous joint.

A

False.

It is a synovial joint.

45
Q

What are ligaments for?

A

To strengthen the joint capsule

46
Q

What are the ligaments involved in the hip joint?

A

Iliofemoral
Pubofemoral
Ischiofemoral

47
Q

What does the deep femoral artery divide into?

A

The medial and lateral circumflex artery to supply the hip joint.

48
Q

What kind of joint is the knee joint?

A

Hinge joint

49
Q

What are the articulations of the knee joint?

A

2X femerotibial

1X femeropatellar

50
Q

What is the main movement of the knee joint?

A

Flexion-extension

51
Q

True or False.

The knee joint is a synovial joint.

A

True!

Not as strong as the hip joint.

52
Q

What are the extracapsular knee ligaments?

A

Outside capsule
Patellar ligament
Lateral and medial collateral ligament

53
Q

What are the intra-articular knee ligaments?

A

Anterior and posterior cruciate

ACL and PCL

54
Q

What are menisci?

A

Crescent shaped and made of fibrocartilage.

Protection and shock absorption.

55
Q

What menisci are present in the knee?

A

Medial and lateral

56
Q

What is the calcaneal tendon?

A

The Achilles tendon

57
Q

Where does the the calcaneal tendon stretch from?

A

The calcaneal tuberosity of the calcaneus to

the tendons of the gastrocneumius and soleus.

MSK (30 decks)

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