Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSK > Osteoarthritis and crystal arthropathies > Flashcards

Osteoarthritis and crystal arthropathies Flashcards

1
Q

What differences are there in a normal synovial joint and an osteoarthritic joint?

A

Inflammation of synovial membrane, articular cartilage failure, loss of joint space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis?

A

Loss of cartilaginous matrix, release of IL1 and TNF cytokines which results in fibrillation of the cartilage surface.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the two types of ostearthritis?

A

Idiopathic

Secondary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where does idiopathic osteoarthritis most commonly affect?

A

Hands, feet, knee, hip, spine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What can cause secondary osteoarthritis?

A

Previous injury,
RA
Acromegary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the risk factors for developing osteoarthritis?

A 
Older, 
Female, 
Obesity, 
Sports, 
Previous injury
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the symptoms of osteoarthritis?

A

Pain worse on activity and relieved by rest

Stiffness in the morning.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

On examination, what do you expect to find in a osteoarthritis positive patient?

A

Joint tenderness
Joint effusion
Crepitus
Bony enlargements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where does osteoarthritis tend to affect?

A

Hip, knee, MTP joints in foot, cervical and lumbar spine.

Big toe.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are enlargements at the distal interphalangeal joints called?

A

Heberdens nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are enlargements at the proximal interphalangeal joints called?

A

Bouchards nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is osteoarthritis diagnosed?

A

On x-ray:
loss of joint space
subchondral sclerosis
subchondral cysts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What blood findings differentiate RA from osteoarthritis?

A

RA has positive rheumatoid factor and a positive anti-CCP Ab.
Osteoarthritis has normal CRP and ESR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the non-pharmalogical management process of osteoarthritis?

A

Physiotherapy
weight loss
Exercise
Trainers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What drugs can be used to treat osteoarthritis?

A

Analgesia
NSAIDs- need to balance risk
Amitriptyline, gabapentin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What intra-articular injections can be given?

A

Steroids- main one

Hyaluronic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What surgical procedures can be given as management for osteoporosis?

A 
Arthroscopic washout (not routine)
Joint replacement.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What would you expect to find within the synovial capsule?

A

Synovial fluid

19
Q

What is gout?

A

Inflammation in the joint, triggered by uric acid crystals.

20
Q

Which sex is gout more common in?

A

Male

21
Q

What is uric acid?

A

Uric acid is the final compound in breakdown of DNA metabolism.

22
Q

What factors cause hyperuricaemia?

A 
Alcohol
High dietary purine intake- red meat, seafood
Psoriasis
Haemolytic disorders
Hypothyroidism
Diuretics
23
Q

Where does gout normally affect?

A

1st metatarsal phalangeal joint- big toe
Then the ankle
then the knee

24
Q

How long does it take for gout to resolve itself?

A

10 days

25
Q

Does gout have an acute or chronic onset?

A

Sudden.

Usually over night.

26
Q

What affect does osteoporosis have on osteoarthritis?

A

Seems to have a protective effect.

27
Q

What affect does rheumatoid arthritis have on osteoarthritis?

A

Can contribute to osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis CAN NOT cause RA.

28
Q

What is chronic tophaeceous gout?

A

Chronic joint inflammation which can have acute attacks.
Often diuretic associated
Has high serum uric acid.

29
Q

What investigations would you do if you suspected gout?

A

Serum uric acid (may be normal!)
CRP, ESR
Joint aspiration
x-ray

30
Q

What is the treatment for an acute attack of gout?

A

NSAIDs
Colchicine
Steroids.

31
Q

What is the prophylactic treatment of gout?

A

Allopurinol
Febuxostat
Need to cover with NSAIDs or colchine.

32
Q

What is important to note in giving febuxostat?

A

Needs to have liver function tests every 6 months
Rare analphylaxis and Steven-Johnson’s syndrome
Caution in transplant patients

33
Q

What is calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease?

A

Pseudogout.

34
Q

Where does calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease affect?

A

Affects fibrocartilage i.e. knees, wrists, ankles.

35
Q

How would you treat calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease?

A

NSAIDs
Colchine
Steroids
rehydration

36
Q

What investigations would you do if you suspected osteoarthritis?

A

No lab tests.

History, exam and x`-ray.

37
Q

At what mmol/L does uric acid become insoluble?

A

0.42

38
Q

What is Milwaukee shoulder?

A

Hydroxypatite crystal deposition around the joint.

39
Q

Who is Milwaukee shoulder most common in?

A

Females 50-60

40
Q

What treatment can be given for Milwaukee shoulder?

A

NSAIDs
Intra-articular steroids
Physio

41
Q

What is soft tissue rheumatism?

A

General term that describes pain that is caused by damage to ligaments, tendons, muscle etc.

42
Q

Where would a soft tissue rheumatism affect?

A

In a localised, specific site. If not `then consider fibromyalgia.

43
Q

On x-ray in osteoarthritic patient, what are you expecting to see?

A

L - loss of joint space
O - osteophytes
S - sclerosis (whiter)
S - subchondral cysts

MSK (30 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions