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MSK > Shoulder conditions > Flashcards

Shoulder conditions Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of joint is the shoulder?

A

Synovial

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2
Q

What forms the shoulder joint?

A

Glenoid fossa of the scapula

Humeral head

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3
Q

What 4 muscles make up the rotator cuff?

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Subscapularis
Teres minor

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4
Q

How is supraspinatus tested?

A

Hands semi-prone and push down

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5
Q

How is infraspinatus tested?

A

Trying to push hands together

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6
Q

How is subscapularis tested?

A

Hand at small of back and push

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7
Q

How is teres minor tested?

A

Not tested clinically

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8
Q

What do the rotator cuff muscles do?

A

Pull the humeral head into the glenoid to provide a fulcrum for stability

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9
Q

What age is most likely to be affected by shoulder instability?

A

Young adults

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10
Q

What age does rotator cuff tears affect?

A

Middle aged

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11
Q

What is impingement syndrome?

A

Tendons of rotator cuff are compressed in the tight subacromial space

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12
Q

Between what degrees of abduction can the painful arc of impingement syndrome be seen?

A

60 and 120

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13
Q

What are possible causes of impingement syndrome?

A

Tendonitis
Subacromial bursitis
Acromioclavicular OA with inferior osteophytes
Rotator cuff tear

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14
Q

Where does the pain from impingement syndrome radiate to?

A

Deltoid and upper arm

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15
Q

What clinical test is for impingement?

A

Hawkins-Kennedy

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16
Q

What is the treatment for impingement syndrome?

A

NSAIDs, analgesics, subacromial injection of steroids ( up to 3)

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17
Q

What is a “classic history” of a rotator cuff tear?

A

Sudden jerk in a pt >40 with subsequent pain and weakness

18
Q

Which muscle do rotator cuff tears usually affect?

A

Supraspinatous

19
Q

Which imaging technique can confirm tears?

A

USS

MRI

20
Q

What are the options for repair?

A

Physio to strengthen remaining muscles

Open or arthroscopic rotator cuff repair

21
Q

What are the negatives to surgically treating rotator cuff repairs?

A

Many tendons are diseased and so repair can fail.

Very large tears may be irreparable

22
Q

What is frozen shoulder also known as?

A

Adhesive capsulitis

23
Q

What does frozen shoulder present as?

A

Pain which subsides after 2-9 months

Increasing stiffness for 12/12 which then thaws

24
Q

What is the principal clinical sign of a frozen shoulder?

A

Loss of external rotation

25
Q

Which condition pre-disposes to adhesive capsulitis?

A

Diabetes

26
Q

What is the treatment for adhesive capsulitis?

A

Physiotherapy and analgesics.

Intra-articular injections.

27
Q

What is calcific tendonitis?

A

Calcium deposits in the supraspinatous tendon, just proximal to greater tuberosity.

28
Q

What is the onset of action of calcific tendonitis?

A

Acute!

29
Q

What relief can be provided for calcific tendonitis?

A

Subacromial steroid and local anaesthetic injection

30
Q

What are the two types of instability?

A

Traumatic

Atraumatic

31
Q

What is the repair called to stabilise recurrent dislocations?

A

Bankart repairs

32
Q

Which conditions can pre-dispose to atraumatic instability?

A

Marfans

Ehlers-Danlos

33
Q

Pain in what other areas of the body can cause shoulder pain?

A

Neck
Angina
Diaphragmatic irritation

34
Q

Where is the long head of the biceps?

A

At the labrum/glenoid

35
Q

What does Bigliani grading show?

A

Increasing angles of acromion. Higher grade is more likely to have an impingement.

36
Q

What are Bankart lesions?

A

??

37
Q

What are Hill Sachs lesions?

A

??

38
Q

What nerve is involved in carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

median

39
Q

What nerve is involved in cubital tunnel syndrome?

A

Ulnar nerve

40
Q

What are the more common shoulder issues?

A

Supraspinatous tendonitis
Sub-acromial bursitis
Arcomioclavicular disease

MSK (30 decks)

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