Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSK > Spine anatomy > Flashcards

Spine anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

How many vertebrae are there?

A

33

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the sections of the spine?

A 
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral
Coccygeal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many vertebrae are in the cervical spine?

A

7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many vertebrae are in the thoracic spine?

A

12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How many vertebrae are in the lumbar spine?

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many vertebrae are in the sacral spine?

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How many vertebrae are in the coccyx?

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How many curves are there in the spine?

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name the curves of the spine

A

Cervical lordosis
Thoracic kyphosis
Lumbar lordosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is C1 called?

A

Atlas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is C2 called?

A

Axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the bit that C2 has that C1 doesn’t?

A

Odontyoid process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the first palpable cervical vertebrae?

A

C7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where is the pedicle of a vertebrae?

A

The “foot”

Attaches to the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the bit that is palpable on the spine?

A

Spinous process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the bit beside the spinous process called?

A

Transverse process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where is a facet joint?

A

Created by the superior and inferior facet articulations of the vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What kind of joints are facet joints?

A

Synovial joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What disease can develop in the facet joints?

A

Osteoarthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the two layers of the intervertebral discs?

A

Annulus fibrosus

Nucleus pulposus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What can happen if the nucleus pulposus escapes from the annulus fibrosis?

A

prolapsed disc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the nucleus pulposus made of?

A

Gelatinous material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where is the intraspinous ligament?

A

Between the body of the spinous processes of each vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where are the supraspinous ligaments?

A

Between tips of the spinous processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Where are the ligamentum flavum?

A

Attaches the vertebral lamina together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

How far do the anterior and posterior longtitudinal ligaments run?

A

The whole length of the vertebral column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle in the spine?

A

Superficial/extrinsic
Intermediate
Deep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the intermediate muscles?

A

Spinous process and insert to ribs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Give an example of an intermediate spinal muscle

A

Serratus inferior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the function of the superficial muscles of the spine?

A

Movement of shoulder and upper limb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are the 5 superficial muscles of the spine?

A

Trapezius
Lattissimus dorsi
Rhomboid minor and major
Levatus scapularis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Where is the trapezius?

A

Originates at the spinous process as far as T12

Inserts to the occiput and the spine of the scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the nerve innervation to the trapezius?

A

CN XI

Accessory nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is the function of the trapezius?

A

Elevates, depresses and retracts scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is the function of latissimus dorsi?

A

Adducts, extends and internally rotates the humerus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is the origin and insertion of latissimus dorsi?

A

Origin: spinous process and pelvis
Insertion: humerus

37
Q

What is the nerve innervation to latissimus dorsi?

A

C6,7 and 8

38
Q

What is the function of levatus scapularis?

A

Elevates the scapula

39
Q

What is the origin and insertion of levatus scapularis?

A

Transverse process of C1

Superior angle of scapula

40
Q

What is the nerve innervation of levatus scapularis?

A

C4/5

41
Q

What is the function of the rhomboid major and minors?

A

Keeps scapular against thoracic wall

42
Q

What is the origin of rhomboid major?

A

Spinous process C7/T1

43
Q

What is the origin of rhomboid minor?

A

Spinous process T2-T5

44
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the rhomboids?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve C3/C4

45
Q

What are the deep intrinsic spinal muscles called?

A

Erector spinae muscles

46
Q

What is their function?

A

Movement of vertebral column and posture

47
Q

Why are the erector spinae muscles clinically relevant?

A

Largest group of muscles in the back

Pain due to spasm in trauma

48
Q

What is the origin of the erector spinae?

A

Occiput of the skull

49
Q

Where does the erector spinae insert?

A

Pelvis

50
Q

What are the 3 erector spinae muscles?

A

Lateral: iliocostalis
Longismus thoracis
Spinalis thoarcis

51
Q

Where does the spinal cord originate from in the brain?

A

Medulla oblongata

52
Q

What is the hole in the skull called from where it exits?

A

Foramen magnum

53
Q

Where does the spinal cord terminate?

A

Cauda equina at L2

54
Q

What comes off at each vertebral level?

A

Nerve roots

55
Q

What is a myotome?

A

Muscles controlled by the motor element of the nerve root

56
Q

How are myotomes named?

A

Same as dermatomes

57
Q

What is a dermatome?

A

Skin sensation supplied by the sensory element of the nerve root

58
Q

True or False

In the spinal cord, the white matter is on the inside.

A

False

White matter is on the outside

59
Q

What is found in the white matter?

A

Ascending sensory tracts

Descending motor tracts

60
Q

What is the crossed pyramidal motor tract?

A

Crosses at medullary level.

AKA lateral cerebrospinal tract

61
Q

What is the anterior cerebrospinal tract?

A

Uncrossed pyramidal.

Crosses at the same level it exits.

62
Q

What are the two ascending sensory tracts?

A

Anterior and posterior spinocerebellar tracts.

63
Q

Where do the ascending sensory tracts travel ?

A

On the ipsilateral side of the cord to the cerebellum

64
Q

What do the ascending sensory tracts do?

A

Carry information from the skin to the brain regarding proprioception

65
Q

What are the lateral and anterior spinothelamic tracts?

A

Carry information relating to pain and temperature.

66
Q

Where do the lateral and anterior spinothelamic tracts travel?

A

Initially ipsilateral then cross to contralateral cord.

Enters the thalamus

67
Q

What are the posterior column of the ascending sensory tracts called?

A

Fasciculus gracilis of Goll

Fasciculus cuneatus of Burdach

68
Q

What do the posterior columns of the ascending tracts do?

A

Carry information to fine touch and proprioception, ipsilaterally.

69
Q

In the grey matter, what is the route of the descending motor tracts?

A

Tracts enter the anterior horn of the grey matter and are transmitted via the ventral root to the nerve root and then the muscle.

70
Q

Where does the ventral root connect to on the vertebral body?

A

The anterior side

71
Q

Where does the dorsal root connect to?

A

The posterior side

72
Q

What do the the ventral and dorsal roots join to become?

A

The nerve root

73
Q

What does the nerve root divide to become?

A

Anterior and posterior rami

74
Q

What do the posterior rami carry?

A

Sensory and motor fibres to the intrinsic muscles of the back

75
Q

What do the anterior rami carry?

A

Sensory and motor fibres to the rest of the body and limbs

76
Q

Where do the nerve roots exit the spinal column?

A

Intervertebral foramen, between superior and inferior pedicles

77
Q

What is a prolapsed disc?

A

Part of the nucleus pulposus bulges through the annulus fibrosis and presses on the nerve root.

78
Q

What nerve roots are involved in cauda equina?

A

L2-L5
S1-S5
Coccygeal

79
Q

What do these nerves in the cauda equina innervate?

A

Pelvis organs

Lower limbs

80
Q

What are the motor functions of the cauda equina nerves?

A

Hips, knees, ankles, internal and external anal sphincter

81
Q

What are the sensory functions of the cauda equina?

A

Hips, knees, ankles, feet and perineum

82
Q

What is the arterial supply to the spine?

A

Anterior and posterior spinal arteries

83
Q

Where do the spinal arteries come from?

A

Intercranial part of the vertebral artery.

84
Q

What other arteries also feed into the spinal arteries?

A

Cervical, intercostal and lumbar arteries

85
Q

What is the cerebrospinal venous system?

A

Interconnection of the venous system of the brain and the spine

86
Q

What is Batson’s venous plexus?

A

Network of valveless veins.

Connects deep pelvic veins and thoracic veins to the internal vertebral venous plexuses

87
Q

Why is Batson’s venous plexus of significance?

A

If carcinoma in prostate then can easily spread haematologically to brain

88
Q

What lies in the transverse foramen?

A

Vertebral artery, vein and nerve fibres

89
Q

What is a gibbus?

A

Wedging of a vertebrae causing an angular deformity

MSK (30 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions