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MSK > Biochemistry > Flashcards

Biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What is osteoporosis?

A

Bone defect caused by reduced bone mineral density and increased porosity

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2
Q

What is osteopenia?

A

Not quite osteoporosis yet.

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3
Q

At what age does loss of bone mineral density occur?

A

Age 30 in females

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4
Q

What is type 1 primary osteoporosis?

A

Post-menopausal osteoporosis.

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5
Q

What is type 2 primary osteoporosis?

A

Osteoporosis of old age.

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6
Q

How is osteoporosis diagnosed?

A

DEXA

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7
Q

What is the supportive treatment for osteoporosis?

A

Calcium and vit D supplements

Weight bearing exercise

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8
Q

Why is HRT not a good first line agent for prevention of post-menopausal osteoporosis?

A

Increased breast Ca risk and DVT risk

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9
Q

What is osteomalacia?

A

Abnormal bone softening due to deficient osteoid mineralisation

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10
Q

What is the principal cause of osteomalacia and rickets?

A

Insufficient calcium absorption.

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11
Q

What drug can acuse osteomalacia?

A

Carbamazepine

Anti-convulsant

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12
Q

What are other symptoms of rickets, apart from bone deformities?

A

muscle cramps
fatigue
brittle nails
^^ all hypocalcaemia symptoms

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13
Q

What is hyperparathyroidism?

A

Overactivity of the parathyroid glands.

High PTH

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14
Q

What causes primary hyperparathyroidism?

A

Benign adenoma or hyperplasia

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15
Q

What causes secondary hyperparathyroidism?

A

Physiological overproduction of PTH, secondary to hypocalcaemia caused by vit D deficiency

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16
Q

True or False

Hyperparathyroidism causes osteomalacia

A

False.

Can cause osteoporosis.

17
Q

What is the definition of osteoporosis?

A

Bone mineral density less than 2.5 standard deviations below mean value of adults of same sex and race

18
Q

What is the most serious complication of osteoporosis?

A

Hip fractures

19
Q

What is the definition of osteopenia?

A

T score between 1 and 2.5 standard deviations away from normal.

20
Q

True or False

Smoking plays no role in the development in osteoporosis

A

False.

21
Q

Which rheumatological conditions can cause secondary osteoporosis?

A

RA
AS
SLE

22
Q

What drugs can cause secondary osteoporosis?

A

Steroids
thyroxine
Long term heparin

23
Q

What does DEXA stand for?

A

Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry

24
Q

What class of drug is first line for osteoporosis?

A

Bisphosphonates

25
Q

What medication and in what dosage is given daily for osteoporosis?

A

Alendronate 10mg

MSK (30 decks)

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