Ten Cate's

Question 1

Which of the following anatomic structures does the first brachial arch ultimately give rise to?
a. Tonsils, eustachian tube, and tympanic membrane
b. Thymus, Parathyroid gland, and Tonsils
c. Tympanic membrane, tympanic cavity, and eustachian tube
d. Thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, and thymus

Ch 3

Answer 1

c. Tympanic membrane, tympanic cavity, and eustachian tube

Question 2

What brachial arch leads to formation of the mandible and maxilla?

Ch 3

Answer 2

Arch 1

Arch 2 and 3 lead to formation of the hyoid apparatus

Question 3

What are the boundaries of the primitive stomatodeum?

Ch 3

Answer 3

Frontal prominence, pair of first brachial arches, heart

Question 4

Which D1x transcription factor(s) plays a role in both mandible and maxilla development?

Ch 3

Answer 4

D1x1 and D1x2

Question 5

Which of the following makes up the bulk of gingival connective tissue?
a. Type I collagen
b. Type IV collagen
c. Type II collagen
d. None of the above

Ch 4

Answer 5

A. type 1

Question 6

What receptors do local anesthetic blocks work on?

Ch 4

Answer 6

The drug couples with sodium voltage-gated receptors, inhibiting generation of action potentials and preventing propagation of sensory information

Question 7

What is the correct order of odontogenesis stages?

Ch 5

Answer 7

Bud, cap, bell

Question 8

Describe the following odontogenesis stages main event(s)?
Bud stage
Cap stage
Bell stage

Ch 5

Answer 8

Bud stage: condensation of ectomesenchymal cells
Cap stage: tooth bud growth, formation of enamel knots
Bell stage: Histodifferentiation

Question 9

Please label the following image:

Ch 5

Answer 9

Question 10

Which of the following correctly matches the origin cells to the developed tissue?
Dental follicle → Periodontium
Dental papilla → Enamel
Dental follicle → Pulp
Enamel organ → Dentin

Ch 5

Answer 10

Dental follicle → Periodontium

Question 11

When does vascular supply begin to develop in odontogenesis?

Ch 5

Answer 11

Cap stage

Question 12

What location of bone are the following cells found?
Osteocyte
Osteoblast
Osteoclast

Ch 6

Answer 12

Osteocyte - lacunae
Osteoblast - bone lining layer
Osteoclast - Howship’s lacunae

Question 13

Describe the general steps in bone devleopment

CH 6

Answer 13

Intramembranous bone starts as woven bone plates, which fuse and become polarized, and then expands

Question 14

What are the 5 phases of bone remodeling

Ch 6

Answer 14

Activation, Resorption, Reversal, Formation, Resting

Question 15

What is the correct proportion of mineral to water/organic material of enamel?
98% mineral, 2% water/organic material
68% mineral, 32% water/organic material
92% mineral, 8% water/organic material
96% mineral, 4% water/organic material

Ch 7

Answer 15

96% mineral, 4% water/organic material

Question 16

Describe each amelogenesis stage:
Presecretory phase →
Secretory phase →
Maturation phase →

Ch 7

Answer 16

Presecretory phase → Cells differentiate into ameloblasts
Secretory phase → ameloblasts elaborate and organize the entire enamel thickness, resulting in the formation of a highly ordered tissue. Cells continually secrete granules to form initial layer of enamel
Maturation phase → morphogenesis of ameloblasts and cell death. Approximately 25% of the cells die during the transitional phase, and another 25% die as enamel maturation proceeds

Question 17

Which of the following is an ameloblast secretory product?
Enamelysin
Amelotin
Protein A
Ameloblast associated glutmaine-1 (AG1)

Ch7

Answer 17

Enamelysin
Amelotin

Question 18

What direction to enamel rods sit relative to dentin?

Ch 7

Answer 18

Rods lie perpendicular to the surface of the dentin, with a slight inclination towards the cusp

Question 19

What 3 things does acid etch remove?

Ch 7

Answer 19

Acid etching removes plaque and other debris, along with a thin layer of enamel
Second, it increases the porosity of exposed surfaces through selective dissolution of crystals, which provides a better bonding surface for the restorative and adhesive materials

Question 20

What crystal orientation facilitates more acid etching pattern?

Ch 7

Answer 20

crystals dissolve more readily at their ends than on their sides – those lying perpendicular to surface most vulnerable