Operative Dentistry Flashcards
1
Q
f
Describe retention form.
A
Ability of restoration to RESIST forces along the long axis of the tooth.
2
Q
Describe resistance form.
A
Prevents dislodgement of restoration under occlusal forces in apical or oblique direction.
3
Q
In the study, “Achievable Convergence Angle and the Effect of Preparation Design on the Clinical Outcome of Full Veneer Crowns in Dogs” JVD 2011.2 what was the overall mean CA?
A
26.7 degrees
4
Q
In the study “Achievable Convergence Angle and the Effect of Preparation Design on the Clinical Outcome of Full Veneer Crowns in Dogs,” JVD 2011.2, what were the main takeaways?
A
An ideal CA of 12 degrees is almost never attained. But the more clinical crown (high H/D) the less concerned we need to be about achieving a low CA.
5
Q
In the study “Achievable Convergence Angle and the Effect of Preparation Design on the Clinical Outcome of Full Veneer Crowns in Dogs,” JVD 2011.2, the CA_lim can be used as a guide for determining the necessary CA for retention and resistance. What is the formula?
A
CA_lim = arcsin (H/D)
6
Q
In the study, “Effect of Preparation Surface Area on the Clinical Outcome of Full Veneer Crowns in Dogs” JVD 2014.1 what was the success rate?
A
84.4 % or 27/32 crowns
7
Q
In the study, “Effect of Preparation Surface Area on the Clinical Outcome of Full Veneer Crowns in Dogs” JVD 2014.1, how many crown failures were due to fractures vs cohesive/adhesive failures?
A
Fractures - 2/5 (40%)
Cohesive/adhesive failures - 3/5 (60%)
8
Q
In the study, “Effect of Preparation Surface Area on the Clinical Outcome of Full Veneer Crowns in Dogs” JVD 2014.1, what was the mean surface area for successful crowns, crown failure due to adhesive/cohesive failure and crowns that failed due to fracture?
A
1.9 cm2 - success
1.23 cm2 - failed due to adhesion
1.73 cm2 - failed due to fracture
9
Q
In the study, “Effect of Preparation Surface Area on the Clinical Outcome of Full Veneer Crowns in Dogs” JVD 2014.1, what was the importance of the axial grooves?
A
They decrease the CA, and therefor increase resistance and retention. They also increase SA.
10
Q
In the study, “Effect of Preparation Surface Area on the Clinical Outcome of Full Veneer Crowns in Dogs” JVD 2014.1, what was the main take away of the study?
A
There is a positive correlation between preparations with greater surface area and successful clinical outcome, but this was not found to be statistically significant.
11
Q
What is the definition of convergence angle?
Soukup, Synder. Achievable Convergence Angle and the Effect of Preparation Design on the Clinical Outcome of Full Veneer Crowns in Dogs. JVD 2011.
A
angle between two opposing axial walls, equals the sum of the taper of two opposing axial walls
Ideal convergence angle 3-14 degrees, not clinically achievable
12
Q
What is the defintion of and formula for limiting average taper?
Soukup, Synder. Achievable Convergence Angle and the Effect of Preparation Design on the Clinical Outcome of Full Veneer Crowns in Dogs. JVD 2011.
A
The point at which resistance form is lost
CAlim = arcsin (H/D)
If H/D > 1 then there is no CAlim –> adequate resistance/retention
13
Q
In Soukup’s 2011 article “Achievable Convergence Angle and the Effect of Preparation Design on the Clinical Outcome of Full Veneer Crowns in Dogs,” restorations that failed from adhesive/cohesive failure vs teeth that fractured had higher or lower H/D ratios significantly?
JVD 2011
A
Restorations that failed from adhesive failure had a lower H/D ratio (not stat sig)
Restorations that failed from tooth fracture had higher H/D ratio (not stat sig)
14
Q
In the study, “The Influence of Crown Height to Diameter Ratio on the Force to Fracture of Canine Teeth in Dogs” JVD 2015.3, when the H/D is decreased by 10% and 20% what is their probability of fracture decreased by?
A
10% decrease in H/D - 24.1%
20% decrease in H/D - 60.4%
15
Q
What has been shown to be the amount of force required to displace a crown with a convergence angle of 22? What force in N do dogs generate when chewing and when military dogs are biting/pulling with their canine teeth?
Soukup. Crown Preparation Design: An Evidence-Based Review. JVD 2013
A
Crown displacement force: 1386N
Chewing: 20-937N
Biting/pulling: 180-1120N
Dogs generate forces lower than forces required to displace crown
16
Q
In the study, “The Influence of Crown Height to Diameter Ratio on the Force to Fracture of Canine Teeth in Dogs” JVD 2015.3, across 2 canine teeth, decreasing H/D by 20% decreases the probability of fracture by?
A
86.5%
17
Q
In the study, “The Influence of Crown Height to Diameter Ratio on the Force to Fracture of Canine Teeth in Dogs” JVD 2015.3, decreasing H/D by 20% increases the probability of fracture of the contralateral canine by?
A
54.4%
18
Q
What effect have internal grooves been shown to have on effective CA?
Soukup. Crown Preparation Design: An Evidence-Based Review. JVD 2013
A
Internal grooves decrease the “effective” CA to improve resistance/retention form
19
Q
In the study, “The Influence of Crown Height to Diameter Ratio on the Force to Fracture of Canine Teeth in Dogs” JVD 2015.3, the mean force to fracture an unaltered canine is?
A
494 Newtons
20
Q
What was the main take away in the study, “The Influence of Crown Height to Diameter Ratio on the Force to Fracture of Canine Teeth in Dogs” JVD 2015.3?
A
There was a significant inverse relationship between H/D and force to fracture.
21
Q
The amount of force required to dislodge a crown cemented onto a die with CA of 24 degrees and height of 4mm increased how many times when a resin-based cement was used instead of zinc phosphate?
Soukup. Crown Preparation Design: An Evidence-Based Review. JVD 2013
A
3.5 times
22
Q
According to Soukup’s 2011 article “Achievable Convergence Angle and the Effect of Preparation Design on the Clinical Outcome of Full Veneer Crowns in Dogs,” resin-based cements allowed successful use of up to what convergence angle?
JVD 2011
A
70 degrees
23
Q
What level of evidence suggest that CAs of 25-30 degrees may be clinically acceptable in dogs?
Soukup. Crown Preparation Design: An Evidence-Based Review. JVD 2013
A
Grade III
Only Grade IV evidence for use of CA 5-12 degrees
24
Q
According to Soukup’s 2011 article “Achievable Convergence Angle and the Effect of Preparation Design on the Clinical Outcome of Full Veneer Crowns in Dogs,” H/D ratios of less or greater to what values are associated with adhesive/cohesive failure vs failure due to fracture respectively?
JVD 2011
A
H/D ratios < 1.6 may be more likely to fail due to adhesive/cohesive failure
H/D ratios > 1.8 may be more likely to fail due to fracture
25
There is what grade of evidence to refute the recommendation that minimum 3-8mm (or 1/3 clinical crown) must exist to support full metal crown?
## Footnote
Soukup. Crown Preparation Design: An Evidence-Based Review. JVD 2013
Grade III evidence that crown heights of less than 1/3rd the original height may lead to higher rates of crown failure of canine teeth in dogs
Grade III evidence that preparations with H/D ratios < 1.6 may have higher failure rates
26
In the study, "Assessment of 68 Prosthodontic Crowns in 41 Pet and Working Dogs (2000-2012)" by Reiter 2015.3,of the 10 crowns that failed how many were due to bond failure vs fractures?
Bond failure - 3
Fracture failure - 7
27
In the study, "Assessment of 68 Prosthodontic Crowns in 41 Pet and Working Dogs (2000-2012)" by Reiter 2015.3, what is the mean canine bite force?
256 N
28
In Soukup's 2013 article "Soukup. Crown Preparation Design: An Evidence-Based Review," what was the only recommendation that was supported based off of current evidence?
## Footnote
JVD 2013
Recommendation #4: the crown margin should be placed supragingivally
29
What is the following a picture of?
Shear force vectors during mastication
30
In the study," Evaluation of the natural crown convergence angle of dog carnassial teeth" by Soukop 2015.4 what was the mean CA for 108?
42.89 degrees
31
In the study," Evaluation of the natural crown convergence angle of dog carnassial teeth" by Soukop 2015.4 what was the mean CA for 409?
36 degrees
32
What was the main take away in the study, "The Influence of Axial Grooves on
Dislodgment Resistance of Prosthetic Metal
Crowns in Canine Teeth of Dogs" by Soukop 2016.3?
Crown retention is improved in canine teeth when axial grooves are made by increasing the force to dislodge a crown by 6 times!
33
What was the main take away in the study, "The Influence of Axial Grooves on
Dislodgment Resistance of Prosthetic Metal
Crowns in Maxillary Fourth Premolar Teeth of Dogs" by Soukop 2016.3?
Crown retention is improved in maxillary fourth premolar teeth when axial grooves are made by increasing the force to dislodge a crown by 1.5 times!
34
In Reihl's 2014 study "Effect of Preparation Surface Area on the Clinical Outcome of Full Veneer Crowns in Dogs," what was the failure rate and what percent of failures were due to fractured teeth vs adhesive/cohesive failure?
## Footnote
Soukup JVD 2014
Failure rate: 15.6% (5/32)
Fractured teeth: 40% (2/5)
Adhesive/cohesive failure: 60% (3/5)
35
In Reihl's 2014 study "Effect of Preparation Surface Area on the Clinical Outcome of Full Veneer Crowns in Dogs," what was the mean surface area and what was the association of surface area with likelihood of clinical success?
## Footnote
Soukup. JVD 2014
Mean SA 1.78 cm^2
No significant association between preparation SA and likelihood of clinical success
Positive trend of higher mean SA with success
36
Feathered edge crown preparation margins have a bevel of what angle or greater?
## Footnote
Fink, Reiter. Assessment of 68 Prosthodontic Crowns in 41 Pet and Working Dogs (2000–2012). JVD 2015
70 degrees or greater
37
Are water based, oil based or resin based luting cements stronger?
## Footnote
Fink, Reiter. Assessment of 68 Prosthodontic Crowns in 41 Pet and Working Dogs (2000–2012). JVD 2015
Resin based cements
## Footnote
Water based: glass ionomer
Oil based: zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE)
38
In human studies, teeth without crowns are lost how many times faster than teeth with crowns?
## Footnote
Fink, Reiter. Assessment of 68 Prosthodontic Crowns in 41 Pet and Working Dogs (2000–2012). JVD 2015
6 times faster
39
In Fink's 2015 study "Assessment of 68 Prosthodontic Crowns in 41 Pet and Working Dogs (2000–2012)," what percent of dogs were working dogs vs pet dogs, and what percent of cases had full crowns vs partial crowns?
## Footnote
Reiter. JVD 2015
Working dogs 70%
Pet dogs 30%
Full crowns 82%
Partial crowns 18%
40
In Fink's 2015 study "Assessment of 68 Prosthodontic Crowns in 41 Pet and Working Dogs (2000–2012)," treatment was considered successful in what percent of cases and what percent of overall cases failed due to bond failure or fracture respectively?
## Footnote
Reiter. JVD 2015
Success rate 85.3%
Bond failure 4.4% cases
Fractured 10.3% cases
## Footnote
Success rate lower than previous study that just evaluated mandibular canine teeth: 87.8%
41
In Fink's 2015 study "Assessment of 68 Prosthodontic Crowns in 41 Pet and Working Dogs (2000–2012)," what was the mean days that the crowns remained in place?
## Footnote
Reiter, JVD 2015.
1,598 (~1,600) days
42
In Zimmerman's 2015 article "Evaluation of the Natural Crown Convergence Angle of Dog Carnassial Teeth," what were the overall CA of 108 and 409 respectively?
## Footnote
Soukup JVD 2015
108: 43 degrees
409: 36 degrees
43
In Zimmerman's 2015 article "Evaluation of the Natural Crown Convergence Angle of Dog Carnassial Teeth," what was the association between natural CA and weight, age or skull type for 108 and 409?
## Footnote
Soukup JVD 2015
No sig associations between CA with weight, age or skull type for 108 or 409
## Footnote
Patients assigned to 1 of 3 groups: <10 kg, 11-20 kg & >20 kg
44
In Collins' 2015 study "Quantitative comparison of mathematical models to measure surface area of canine teeth prepared to receive full veneer crowns in dogs," what was the association of estimated surface area with actual surface area?
## Footnote
Soukup Frontiers 2015
Estimate surface area showed a significant linear association with actual surface area
All methods of eSA had sig linear association with aSA
45
In Collins' 2015 study "Quantitative comparison of mathematical models to measure surface area of canine teeth prepared to receive full veneer crowns in dogs," which mathematetical models showed the best association?
## Footnote
Soukup Frontiers 2015
H3: right elliptical frustum
E1: right circular cone
46
In Collins' 2015 study "Quantitative comparison of mathematical models to measure surface area of canine teeth prepared to receive full veneer crowns in dogs," what models were proposed to be best for research and clinical settings respectively?
## Footnote
Soukup Frontiers 2015
- Right elliptical frustum (H3): most accurate estimate of crown SA, better for research as it requires laser scanner and CAD program
- Right circular cone (E1): better for clinical setting, only need major base diameter and crown height to calculate
47
The canine shape can be described as what?
## Footnote
Collins, Hetzel, Soukup. Quantitative comparison of mathematical models to measure surface area of canine teeth prepared to receive full veneer crowns in dogs. Frontiers 2015
Eccentric elliptical cone with dynamic curvature of distal surface
48
In Soukup's 2015 paper "The Influence of Crown Height to Diameter Ratio on the Force to Fracture of Canine Teeth in Dogs," what was the relationship between H/D ratio and force to fracture?
## Footnote
JVD 2015
Linear regression model showed a significant inverse relationship between H/D and force to fx
For every 0.1 unit > in H/D, the force to fx < by 30N
## Footnote
As H/D increases, force to fracture decreases
49
In Soukup's 2015 paper "The Influence of Crown Height to Diameter Ratio on the Force to Fracture of Canine Teeth in Dogs," when 100% of the load was applied to a single unaltered canine tooth (Group A) what was the probabilty of fracture?
## Footnote
JVD 2015
Group A: 37% probability of fracture
50
In Soukup's 2015 paper "The Influence of Crown Height to Diameter Ratio on the Force to Fracture of Canine Teeth in Dogs," when the H/D ratio was decreased by 10% and 20% the probability of fracture was decreased by what percent respectively?
## Footnote
JVD 2015
- 10% decrease in H/D → decreased probability of fracture by 24%
- 20% decrease in H/D → decreased probability of fracture by 60%
51
In Soukup's 2015 paper "The Influence of Crown Height to Diameter Ratio on the Force to Fracture of Canine Teeth in Dogs," when loads were distributed across 2 maxillary canine teeth, a 20% decrease in H/D ratio decreased the probability of fracture of that tooth by what percent and had what effect on the unaltered contralateral canine tooth?
## Footnote
JVD 2015
20% decrease in H/D decreased probability of fx of that tooth by 86% but increased the probability of fx of the unaltered contralateral canine tooth by 54%
52
In Goldschmidt's 2016 study "The Influence of Axial Grooves on Dislodgment Resistance of Prosthetic Metal Crowns in Maxillary Fourth Premolar Teeth of Dogs," what were the unfavorable retention features and what were CA and H/D?
## Footnote
Soukup. JVD 2016
Low H/D ratio: 4/10
High CA: 35 degrees
53
In Goldschmidt's 2016 study "The Influence of Axial Grooves on Dislodgment Resistance of Prosthetic Metal Crowns in Canine Teeth of Dogs," what was the mean force for dislodgement with teeth with no grooves vs teeth with grooves?
## Footnote
Soukup, JVD 2016
Mean force for no grooves: 156N
Mean force for grooves: 901N → stat sig 6 fold increase in force needed for dislodgement with grooves
54
In Goldschmidt's 2016 study "The Influence of Axial Grooves on Dislodgment Resistance of Prosthetic Metal Crowns in Maxillary Fourth Premolar Teeth of Dogs," what was the maximum displacement force for teeth with and without grooves?
## Footnote
Soukup, JVD 2016
No grooves: 1618N
Grooves: 2473N
55
What was the main conclusion in Goldschmidt's 2016 study "The Influence of Axial Grooves on Dislodgment Resistance of Prosthetic Metal Crowns in Maxillary Fourth Premolar Teeth of Dogs?"
## Footnote
Soukup JVD 2016
Crown retention is improved in maxillary fourth premolar teeth with otherwise poor retention features when axial grooves are made in the mesial and distal walls during crown preparation
56
In Goldschmidt's 2016 study "The Influence of Axial Grooves on Dislodgment Resistance of Prosthetic Metal Crowns in Maxillary Fourth Premolar Teeth of Dogs," what was the mean force for dislodgement for teeth with no grooves vs teeth with grooves?
## Footnote
Soukup JVD 2016
Mean force for no grooves: 1618N
Mean force for grooves: 2473N (SIG)
Stat sig increase in force required for crown dislodgement in teeth prepared with axial grooves
57
Soukup and Goldschmidt recommend placement of axial grooves on what surfaces for canine and maxillary fourth premolar teeth respectively?
Canine teeth: labial and palatal grooves
Maxillary PM4 teeth: mesial and distal grooves
58
Soukup and Goldschmidt found that canine or maxillary PM4 teeth have the greatest change in force required to dislodge a crown when axial grooves are applied?
Canine teeth
59
What is the mean bite force and maximum bite force of canine teeth and maxillary fourth premolar teeth respectively?
## Footnote
Goldschmidt, Soukup. The Influence of Axial Grooves on Dislodgment Resistance of Prosthetic Metal Crowns in Maxillary Fourth Premolar Teeth of Dogs. JVD 2016.
Canine teeth: mean 534N, max 926N
Maxillary PM4 teeth: mean 1890N, max 3417N
Caudal bite force 2.4x greater than canine
60
In Goldschmidt's 2017 paper "The Influence of Force Direction on the Fracture Pattern and Fracture Resistance of Canine Teeth in Dogs, what were the statistically significant findings?
## Footnote
JVD 2017
The influence of force direction on fracture pattern was significant
Each group had a significantly individual fracture profile
61
In Goldschmidt's 2017 paper "The Influence of Force Direction on the Fracture Pattern and Fracture Resistance of Canine Teeth in Dogs, what findings were not stastically significant?
## Footnote
JVD 2017
No sig difference in amount of force required for fracture among groups when surface area was corrected for
62
In Goldschmidt's 2017 paper "The Influence of Force Direction on the Fracture Pattern and Fracture Resistance of Canine Teeth in Dogs," what treatment groups/force directions were tested and what was the association of fracture propagation pattern and force direction?
## Footnote
JVD 2017
Distal to mesial
Labial to lingual
Mesial to distal
Most common fracture propagation pattern for each group was in the same direction as the load direction
63
In Goldschmidt's 2017 paper "The Influence of Force Direction on the Fracture Pattern and Fracture Resistance of Canine Teeth in Dogs," what type and direction of fractures were most common and what was the association of H/D ratio and crack propagation to failure?
## Footnote
JVD 2017
Transverse fractures in direction of force most common
When H/D ratio > 1 increasing height is protective againist crack propagation to failure when a longitudinal load is placed on the cusp tip
64
In Mestrinho's 2019 study "Retrospective study of 18 titanium alloy crowns produced by computer-aided design and manufacturing in dogs," how many crowns were lost and what was the mean survival time for the crowns?
## Footnote
Frontiers 2019
2/18 crowns lost
1/2 lost 2 times
Mean survival time 58 months (1,740 days)
## Footnote
similar to Fink, Reiter 2015 study mean survival time 1600 days
65
In Matelski's 2020 study "Effect of Alternative Palatal Root Access Technique on Fracture Resistance of Root Canal Treated Maxillary Fourth Premolar Teeth in Dogs," what treatment groups were tested?
## Footnote
Goldschmidt Frontiers 2020
1.) Conservative access site/control: 2mm diameter transcoronal mesiobuccal access/single mesial site, 2mm distal canal access
2.) Increased mesiobuccal access: mesiobuccal transcoronal access 4mm, distal 2mm
3.) Direct palatal access: 2mm mesiobuccal, distal and palatal access sites
4.) Palatal hemisection: palatal root extracted
66
In Matelski's 2020 study "Effect of Alternative Palatal Root Access Technique on Fracture Resistance of Root Canal Treated Maxillary Fourth Premolar Teeth in Dogs," what was the association between H/D ratio and maximum force to fracture?
## Footnote
Goldschmidt Frontiers 2020
No stat sig association between crown H/D ratio and maximum force to fracture
However, for each standard deviation increase in crown H/D ratio (0.04) there was an associated decrease of 14 N (95% CI: −121, 93) in the resulting force to fracture
## Footnote
Not stat sig likely due to small variation in H/D ratio
67
In Matelski's 2020 study "Effect of Alternative Palatal Root Access Technique on Fracture Resistance of Root Canal Treated Maxillary Fourth Premolar Teeth in Dogs," what was the association between mean force to fracture among treatment groups?
No stat sig difference in mean force to fracture between treatment groups or between control and treatment groups
HOWEVER palatal root hemisection group had highest mean force to fracture
68
In Matelski's 2020 study "Effect of Alternative Palatal Root Access Technique on Fracture Resistance of Root Canal Treated Maxillary Fourth Premolar Teeth in Dogs," what were the three most common types of fractures in descending order?
## Footnote
Goldschmidt Frontiers 2020
CCF 65%
CCRF
RF
69
In Matelski's 2020 study "Effect of Alternative Palatal Root Access Technique on Fracture Resistance of Root Canal Treated Maxillary Fourth Premolar Teeth in Dogs," what was the mean maximum force to fracture and how did it compare with previously reported force to fracture of intact teeth?
## Footnote
Goldschmidt Frontiers 2020
Mean maximum force to fracture all endontically treated teeth in study: 831N
Intact teeth mean maximum force to fracture: 1,281N
## Footnote
suggests that endodontically treated teeth have a decreased fracture resistance similar to people
70
In Ribka's 2022 paper "Success of Feather Margin Preparation for Full Metal Prosthodontic Crowns in the Canine Teeth in 84 Pet and Working Dogs (2005-2017)," how did the success rate of feather preparations compare to canine teeth with full metal crowns in Fink's 2015 study?
## Footnote
Niemiec JVD 2022
Present study feather margins 97.5% success rate
Chamfer margin canines Fink 2015 92%
## Footnote
No stat sig difference between the two
71
In Ribka's 2022 paper "Success of Feather Margin Preparation for Full Metal Prosthodontic Crowns in the Canine Teeth in 84 Pet and Working Dogs (2005-2017)," what percent of teeth were endodontically treated and what was the association between endodontically treated vs non-endodontically treated teeth and failure rates?
## Footnote
Neimiec JVD 2022
46% endodontically treated
No stat sig difference in failure rates between teeth treated endodontically and those not treated endodontically prior to crown placement
72
In Ribka's 2022 paper "Success of Feather Margin Preparation for Full Metal Prosthodontic Crowns in the Canine Teeth in 84 Pet and Working Dogs (2005-2017)," what was the overall failure rate and how many were due to fractures vs adhesive/bond failure?
## Footnote
Neimiec JVD 2022
Overall failure rate 2.5% (4/160 teeth)
Tooth fracture 2/4
Adehsive failure 1/4
Wore through crown 1/4
73
In Morris' 2022 study "Success of Occlusal Aperture Access for Endodontic Therapy of Canine Teeth in Dogs," what was the overall success rate and what percent of teeth did not require any further restorative treatment?
## Footnote
Hale JVD 2022
100% of treated teeth did not require extraction or further endodontic treatment
83% did not require any further restorative treatment
74
In Morris' 2022 study "Success of Occlusal Aperture Access for Endodontic Therapy of Canine Teeth in Dogs," what percent of dogs had damaged other teeth at follow up evaluation?
## Footnote
Hale JvD 2022
53% of dogs had trauma (abrasion, UCF, CCF)
75
In Morris' 2022 study "Success of Occlusal Aperture Access for Endodontic Therapy of Canine Teeth in Dogs," what were the two main clinical conclusions?
## Footnote
Hale JVD 2022
natural canine crown can remain healthy without the protection of a prosthetic crown
Conservation of crown with only one access site may leave the tooth stronger than with mesial access and additional restoration
76
When referencing implantology, what is the emergence profile?
It is the way the tooth emerges from the bone in relation to the gum tissue, it directly influences surrounding tissue and adjacent teeth. Good emergence profile is important to prevent plaque being trapped at soft tissue/crown interface and protect crestal gingiva from recession related to mastication.
77
The image shows what step of dental implant placement in a cat?
## Footnote
Mele. Feline Dental Implants: Long-Term Follow-Up of Two Cases. JVD 2017
First surgery: cover screw placement into implant prior to flap closure
78
The image shows what step of dental implant placement in a cat?
## Footnote
Mele. Feline Dental Implants: Long-Term Follow-Up of Two Cases. JVD 2017
Second procedure 6 months after implant placement
5mm tissue punch used to expose implant
Image shows healing abutment placed into implant
## Footnote
Healing abutment helps develop the soft tissue at punched site
79
The image below shows what step of dental implant placement in a cat?
## Footnote
Mele. Feline Dental Implants: Long-Term Follow-Up of Two Cases. JVD 2017
3rd procedure: 3 weeks after healing abutment placement
Impression abutment placed
## Footnote
Soft tissue stone model with implant analog attached to closed tray impression abutment made
80
The image below shows what step of dental implant placement in a cat?
## Footnote
Mele. Feline Dental Implants: Long-Term Follow-Up of Two Cases. JVD 2017
Fourth procedure: patient returned in 1 month for placement of prosthesis
Cemented into integrated implant with dual-cure resin cement
81
What are the surgical and restorative phases of implant placement?
## Footnote
Mele. Feline Dental Implants: Long-Term Follow-Up of Two Cases. JVD 2017
Surgical phase: extraction of tooth and placement of the implant subcrestally, flap closed and implant left to osseointegrate for 5-6 months
Restorative phases: Placement of healing abutment for soft tissue healing, placement of impression abutment for prosthesis impression, placement of prosthesis
82
What is the implant stability quotient (ISQ)
## Footnote
Mele. Feline Dental Implants: Long-Term Follow-Up of Two Cases. JVD 2017
Value on a scale of 1 to 100 which indicates level of stability and osseointegration in dental implants obtained via resonance frequency analysis
Acceptable range 55-85 ISQ
83
In Aramburu's 2021 study "Correlation of Fracture Resistance of Dental Implants and Bite Force in Dogs described in the literature: An In Vitro Study," what treatment group had the highest values of resistance and strength?
## Footnote
JVD 2021
Group 3: 5.0mm diameter implant stat sig greater resistance and strength than smaller diameter implant groups
## Footnote
group 1: 3.3mm, Group 2: 4.0mm
84
In Aramburu's 2021 study "Correlation of Fracture Resistance of Dental Implants and Bite Force in Dogs described in the literature: An In Vitro Study," what implant came closest to maximum values for bite strength in dogs?
## Footnote
JVD 2021
Group 3/5.00mm diameter implant 2600N
3417N max bite force in dogs
85
In Aramburu's 2021 study "Correlation of Fracture Resistance of Dental Implants and Bite Force in Dogs described in the literature: An In Vitro Study," what recommendations do the authors make for selection of implant diameter/size?
## Footnote
JVD 2021
Selection of widest implant for that site allowing adequate bone on the buccal and lingual sides will decrease fracture potential of implant under loading
86
In Mele's 2016 case report "Dental Implants and Incisor Bridge Placement in a Dog," how many phases were necessary for bridge placement?
## Footnote
JVD 2016
3 phases
Phase 1: extractions and bone grafting
Phase 2: Implant placement (2 endosseous hydroxyapatite coated implants)
Phase 3: Restorative phase (healing abutment placement, prosthetic impression, prosthetic placement)
87
What is the emergence profile?
## Footnote
Mele. "Dental Implants and Incisor Bridge Placement in a Dog," JVD 2016.
the way the tooth emerges from the bone in relation to the gum tissue, directly influences surrounding tissue and adjacent teeth
88
Canine studies have shown good bone-to-implant contact of around what percent in osseointegrated endosseous implants based on histologic sections?
## Footnote
Cited in Mele. "Dental Implants and Incisor Bridge Placement in a Dog," JVD 2016.
73%
89
What are the following images of?
Healing abutments placed in the integrated implants.
90
What is the definition of osseointegration?
Direct structural and functional connection between ordered, living bone and the surface of a load-carrying implant
91
Black's classification system classifies caries based on what?
## Footnote
Hostrom Vet Dental Techniques
Location
92
A, B, C, D show what type of Black's classification of caries?
## Footnote
Hostrom Vet Dental Techniques
A. Class I: cavities beginning in tooth's pits and fissure
B. Class II: cavities in proximal surfaces of premolars and molars
C. Class III: cavities in proximal surfaces of incisors and canines that do not invovle the removal and restoration of the incisal angle
D. Class IV: cavities in proximal surfaces of incisors and canines that involve removal and restoration of the incisal angle
93
E and F show what type of Black's classification of caries?
## Footnote
Hostrom Vet Dental Techniques
E. Class V: cavities that are not pit cavities in the gingival third of the crown of the labial, buccal, palatal or lingual surfaces of teeth
F. Class VI: defects on the incisal edges of anterior teeth or cusp tips of posterior teeth
94
What is the thickness of the enamel layer in cats and dogs respectively?
## Footnote
Holstrom Vet Dent Techniques
Cats: <0.1-0.3mm
Dogs: <0.1-0.6mm
95
What are the 5 steps of restorative dentistry?
## Footnote
Holstrom Vet Dent Techniques
1. Preparation of the surface.
2. Placement and curing of the bonding agent.
3. Placement and curing of the restorative agent.
4. Shaping of the restoration.
5. Smoothing of the restoration.
96
The polymerization reaction of light cured composite resins is activated by what wavelength of visible blue light?
## Footnote
Holstrom Vet Dent Techniques
468-480nm
97
What are unfilled resins vs filled resins?
## Footnote
Holstrom Vet Dent Techniques
Unfilled resins: do not have fillers, flow readily, are translucent, used to coat cavity preparations before application of filled resins
Filled resins: contain fillers, more viscous, opaque, harder, wear better than unfilled resins
98
Fillers of filled resins give them what properties?
## Footnote
Holstrom Vet Dent Techniques
Hardness
Strength
Color
Resistance to temperature change
Wearability
Control polymerization shrinkage
99
Filled composite resins contain at least how much inorganic filler by weight?
## Footnote
Holstrom Vet Dent Techniques
at least 60%
Usually 70-60%
100
Resin filler particles conventional, intermediate or macrofilled, microfilled, and hybrid have what size particles?
## Footnote
Holstrom Vet Dent Techniques
Conventional: 20-35 micrometers
Intermediate or macrofilled: 1-5 micrometers
Microfilled: Equal to or less than 0.04 micrometers
Hybrid: Contain conventional or intermediate in addition to microfilled
101
What are the advantages and disadvantages of conventional and macrofilled compounds?
## Footnote
Holstrom Vet Dent Techniques
Advantages: More resistant to fracture, abrasion and concussive wear
Disadvantages: Decreased ability to be finely polished, become pitted with wear
102
What are the advantages and disadvantages of microfilled compounds?
## Footnote
Holstrom Vet Dent Techniques
Advantages: highly polishable
Disadvantages: less strong, tend to fracture more easily
## Footnote
Best used in ares with less exposure to wear and trauma
103
What characteristics of flowable composites make them more flexible?
## Footnote
Holstrom Vet Dent Techniques
Lower filler content
Lower modulus of elasticity
104
What are the disadvantages of flowable composites?
## Footnote
Holstrom Vet Dent Techniques
High polymerization shrinkage
Low wear resistance
105
What are the two types of dental cements?
## Footnote
Wingo. A Review of Dental Cements. JVD 2018
Resin-based
Acid-based
106
How do acid-based dental cements work?
## Footnote
Wingo. A Review of Dental Cements. JVD 2018
Acid-base reaction → formation of metal salt → cementing matrix
107
What are the 5 qualities of an ideal dental cement?
## Footnote
Wingo. A Review of Dental Cements. JVD 2018
1.) Not harmful to tooth or surrounding tissues
2.) Allows sufficient working time to place restoration
3.) Fluid enough to allow complete seating of restoration
4.) Quickly forms hard structural layer strong enough to resist functional forces
5.) Does not dissolve and maintains a sealed, intact restoration
108
What property of dental cements in humans is the most common cause of endodontic failure?
## Footnote
Wingo. A Review of Dental Cements. JVD 2018
Microleakage
## Footnote
In humans endodontically treated teeth without crowns lost at 6 times greater rate than endodontically treated teeth with crowns
109
What type of strength is used as a predictor of clinical performance for dental cements?
## Footnote
Wingo. A Review of Dental Cements. JVD 2018
Compressive strength
110
How are the flexural and diametral tensile strength of a dental cement tested?
## Footnote
Wingo. A Review of Dental Cements. JVD 2018
Flexural strength: material formed into a beam, supported at each end and load applied to middle → calculate maximum stress applied
Diametral tensile strength: Material formed into a disk → submitted to compression until fracture occurs
111
What is the definition of elastic modulus?
## Footnote
Wingo. A Review of Dental Cements. JVD 2018
Measure of a material's resistance to being deformed elastically (non-permanently)
Assess the stiffness of a material
112
What type of resin composites have an elastic modulus that is very near dentin?
## Footnote
Wingo. A Review of Dental Cements. JVD 2018
Resin composites with hybrid filler
113
What is fracture toughness and what tooth structure has the greatest fracture toughness?
## Footnote
Wingo. A Review of Dental Cements. JVD 2018
Describes the ability of a material containing a crack to resist fracture
Enamel (343kg/mm^2) > Dentin > Cementum
114
What is the definition of creep in respect to properties of dental cements?
## Footnote
Wingo. A Review of Dental Cements. JVD 2018
Time-dependent and gradual deformational change that can occur under cyclical loads like chewing
115
What dental cements have the greatest bond strength?
## Footnote
Wingo. A Review of Dental Cements. JVD 2018
Resin based cements 6-10x higher than RMGI
Resin based cements > RMGIs > glass ionomers
116
How does solubility of a dental cement affect the marginal integrity of the restoration?
## Footnote
Wingo. A Review of Dental Cements. JVD 2018
Dental cements with high solubility are not resistant to disintegration and dissolution when submerged in water or solutions
High solubility → affects marginal integrity of restoration leading to increased plaque accumulation
117
What dental cements have high vs very low solubility?
## Footnote
Wingo. A Review of Dental Cements. JVD 2018
High solubility → zinc phosphate, polycarboxylate
Very low solubility → resin-based cements
118
What is nonadhesive cementation?
## Footnote
Wingo. A Review of Dental Cements. JVD 2018
Reliance on geometric form of tooth preparation for restoration retention
119
What is micromechanical bonding of a dental cement?
## Footnote
Wingo. A Review of Dental Cements. JVD 2018
Surface irregularities enhanced through sand blasting, pumice polishing, acid etching of tooth
Creates larger defects for cement to fill with high tensile strength material
120
What are two categories of commonly used dental cements that utilize micromechanical bonding for cementation?
## Footnote
Wingo. A Review of Dental Cements. JVD 2018
Resins and resin-modified glass ionomers
121
What is molecular adhesion for restoration cementation?
## Footnote
Wingo. A Review of Dental Cements. JVD 2018
Van der Waals forces and weak chemical. bond between dental cement and tooth
122
What are two examples of dental cements that utilize molecular adhesion for cementation?
## Footnote
Wingo. A Review of Dental Cements. JVD 2018
polycarboxylate
glass ionomer
123
According to Hale's 1988 JVD paper "Dental caries in the dog," what was the incidence of dental caries?
5.3%
124
Should dental cements exhibit low or high film thickness?
## Footnote
Wingo. A Review of Dental Cements. JVD 2018
Low film thickness
improves setting of crown and decreases marginal discrepancies → reduces plaque accumulation, PD, cement dissolution and caries (humans)
125
As film thickness increases what happens to tensile bond strength of cements to cast alloy crowns?
It decreases
126
What dental cements have the lowest to highest film thickness?
## Footnote
Wingo. A Review of Dental Cements. JVD 2018
Glass ionomers < polycarboxylate, RMGI, zinc phosphate, resin-based cements
127
What are water-based cements?
## Footnote
Wingo. A Review of Dental Cements. JVD 2018
Zinc phosphate
Polycarboxylate
Glass Ionomer
Zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE)
Ethoxybenzoic acid (EBA)
128
How do water-based cements compare to resin based cements?
## Footnote
Wingo. A Review of Dental Cements. JVD 2018
Increased solubility
Lower strength
Greater microleakage and lower bond strength
129
What are the components of glass ionomers?
## Footnote
Wingo. A Review of Dental Cements. JVD 2018
Polycarboxylate acid
Fluoroaluminosilicate (FAS) glass
Water
Tartaric acid
## Footnote
Tartaric acid → increases working time and improves setting reaction, increases postsetting hardening
130
What are the strength and modulus of elasticity properties of glass ionomers?
## Footnote
Wingo. A Review of Dental Cements. JVD 2018
Low flexural strength, high modulus of elasticity→ very brittle and prone to bulk fracture
## Footnote
Strength properties much inferior to resin cements → should not be used in high stress locations
131
What is the compositional difference between glass ionomers and resin-modified glass ionomers?
## Footnote
Wingo. A Review of Dental Cements. JVD 2018
RMGIs have water soluble resin polymers added to conventional glass ionomers
132
How do RMGIs bond to teeth?
## Footnote
Wingo. A Review of Dental Cements. JVD 2018
Electrostatic interaction of polycarboxylate acid with hydroxyapatite of tooth to bond to dentin and enamel
Ionic bonds with hydroxyapatite around collagen in dentin with micromechanical interlocking of RMGI that hybridizes dentin
Hybridization with dentin
133
RMGIs have how much more bond strength than glass ionomers?
## Footnote
Wingo. A Review of Dental Cements. JVD 2018
Double
## Footnote
inferior to self-adhesive resin-based and conventional resin-based cements
134
What are the components of compomers?
## Footnote
Wingo. A Review of Dental Cements. JVD 2018
Composite resins + conventional glass ionomers
135
Do compomers or RMGIs have higher compressive and flexural strength?
## Footnote
Wingo. A Review of Dental Cements. JVD 2018
Compomers
## Footnote
inferior strength to unmodified composite cements
136
What are the primary components of resin-based cements?
## Footnote
Wingo. A Review of Dental Cements. JVD 2018
Methyl methacrylate-based resin + filler
lower concentration of filler particles (50-70%)
## Footnote
Major constituents: Dimethacrylate resin and glass filler
137
How do resin-based cements bond to enamel and dentin respectively?
## Footnote
Wingo. A Review of Dental Cements. JVD 2018
Enamel: micromechanical interlocking into acid etched surface
Dentin: micromechanical but requires removal of smear layer and surface demineralization followed by application of unfilled resin bonding agent or primar to which resin chemically bonds
138
What are the advantages of resin-based cements?
## Footnote
Wingo. A Review of Dental Cements. JVD 2018
* Reduce microleakage, have remarkably low solubility, improved strength and improved retention compared to water-based cements
* Compressive and tensile strength, toughness, resilience of resin cements equal or exceed other dental cements
* Strongest, least soluble, best bonding cements
139
What is the primary constituent of self-adhesive resin based cements?
## Footnote
Wingo. A Review of Dental Cements. JVD 2018
Phosphoric acid-modified methacrylate monomers
140
What is the main disadvantage of self-adhesive resin-based cements that self etch?
## Footnote
Wingo. A Review of Dental Cements. JVD 2018
They do not remove the smear layer→ lower long-term tensile bond strength than resin-based cements
141
What dental cements have the highest durability, strength and cost in descending order?
Resin based > self-adhesive resin based > RMGI > Glass ionomer > zinc phosphate > polycarboxylate > zinc oxide eugenol > zinc oxide noneugenol
142
What are the basic steps outlined by G.V. Black for caries restorations?
## Footnote
Domnick. Use of Composite Restoration Materials. JVD 2014
Resistance, retention, convenience, pathology removal, wall and preparation cleansing forms
143
Beveling the occusal cavosurfaces in what Black's classification of caries is contraindicated?
## Footnote
Domnick. Use of Composite Restoration Materials. JVD 2014
Class I or II
## Footnote
Enlarges the surface area of the restorative in occlusion
144
Why are restorations polished pumice paste?
## Footnote
Domnick. Use of Composite Restoration Materials. JVD 2014
Because the fluoride and glycerin in other prophylaxis pastes may couteract the effect of the etchant and decrease bonding strength of the sealant
145
Does A or B show the impact of over drying collagen fibrils of the dental matrix?
A. Over drying collapses the collagen fibrils and decreases the size of interfibrilar spaces that are necessary for resin uptake
## Footnote
B. the water used in wet bonding or primers re-expands the collagen matrix
146
What are the three ways that acid etching improves bond strength of the composite restoration?
## Footnote
Domnick. Use of Composite Restoration Materials. JVD 2014
1.) Dentin is demineralized exposing connective tissue for bonding
2. )Collagen fibers within the the dentinal tubules are opened exposing more micropores for infiltration by resin --> greater micromechanical interlock --> increases resistance to microleakage
3. Removes the smear layer created during odontoplasty which improves retention
147
What percent phosphoric acid should be used on dentin vs enamel?
## Footnote
Domnick. Use of Composite Restoration Materials. JVD 2014
Dentin: 10-38%
Enamel: 35-38%
148
How long should acid etch be left on enamel vs dentin?
## Footnote
Domnick. Use of Composite Restoration Materials. JVD 2014
Enamel: 20 seconds
Dentin: 10-15 seconds
149
According to Theuns' 2011 paper "Bonded Sealants for Uncomplicated Crown Fractures," bonding may provide how many months of protection for a fractured tooth allowing the tooth time to repair?
## Footnote
Neimeic JVD 2011. referenced in Domnick. Use of Composite Restoration Materials. JVD 2014
3-12 months
150
Bonding agents penetrate dentin to what depth?
## Footnote
Domnick. Use of Composite Restoration Materials. JVD 2014
200-400 microns/micrometers
151
Does deep or superficial dentin have more tubules for bonding?
## Footnote
Domnick. Use of Composite Restoration Materials. JVD 2014
Deep dentin
152
What was bond strength based upon for 1st and 2nd generation bonding agents?
## Footnote
Domnick. Use of Composite Restoration Materials. JVD 2014
Bond to smear layer (organic debris) because dentin was not etched
## Footnote
Early generation agents had poor bonding strengths and easily hydrolyzed and cracked
153
What were the changes made for 3rd generation bonding agents that improved their bond strength?
## Footnote
Domnick. Use of Composite Restoration Materials. JVD 2014
Oxalate bonding agents that had a separate primer and adhesive
Primer contained hydrophilic resin monomers that infiltrated smear layer and increased adhesion
Used acid etchants to partially remove and modify smear layer and open dentinal tubules
154
What were the disadvantages of 3rd generation bonding agents?
## Footnote
Domnick. Use of Composite Restoration Materials. JVD 2014
Time-consuming
Unpredictable because they did not completely remove the smear layer
Could cause discoloration
155
What is the hybrid layer of bonding agents and what generation of bonding agents first utilized it?
## Footnote
Domnick. Use of Composite Restoration Materials. JVD 2014
Forms from polymerized methacrylate and dentin when dental hard tissues are demineralized
Allows resin monomers to penetrate the demineralized dentin and polymerize
Requires total etch technique --> 4th generation bonding agents
156
What was the main difference of 5th generation bonding agents?
## Footnote
Domnick. Use of Composite Restoration Materials. JVD 2014
First 1 bottle system that combine primer and adhesive into one solution after using total etch technique
157
5th generation bonding agents create a micromechanical interlock with etched dentin through what mechanisms?
## Footnote
Domnick. Use of Composite Restoration Materials. JVD 2014
Resin tags
Adhesive lateral branches
Formation of a hybrid layer
## Footnote
High bond strength to both enamel and dentin
158
What was the main difference between 6th and 7th generation bonding agents vs 5th?
## Footnote
Domnick. Use of Composite Restoration Materials. JVD 2014
6th and 7th gen are one-step agents that do not require acid-etching and rinsing
159
What is the difference between 6th generation bonding agents Type I and Type II?
## Footnote
Domnick. Use of Composite Restoration Materials. JVD 2014
Type I: Acidic primer placed on tooth followed by adhesive
Type II: Acidic primer and adhesive mixed prior to placing on tooth
160
Do 5th or 6th and 7th generation bonding agents have greater bond strengths and better marginal seal?
## Footnote
Domnick. Use of Composite Restoration Materials. JVD 2014
5th generation
## Footnote
6th and 7th gen do not etch enamel well and leave the residual smear layer
161
What are the disadvantages of amalgam as a restorative?
## Footnote
Domnick. Use of Composite Restoration Materials. JVD 2014
Contains toxic mercury
Requires mechanical retention form to hold filling
162
Do composite resins require retentive form?
## Footnote
Domnick. Use of Composite Restoration Materials. JVD 2014
No
They have strong bonding strenth and bond directly to teeth
163
Composite ligh-cured resins are polymerized at what wave length of visible light?
## Footnote
Domnick. Use of Composite Restoration Materials. JVD 2014
460-480nm
164
Light-cure resins should be applied in what depth of layers to limit shrinkage?
## Footnote
Domnick. Use of Composite Restoration Materials. JVD 2014
Layers < 2mm deep
165
What are the filler particle sizes of microfil, nanohybrid and nanofil composites?
## Footnote
Domnick. Use of Composite Restoration Materials. JVD 2014
Microfil: 0.1 micrometers
Nanohybrid: 0.01 micrometers
Nanofil: 0.001 micrometers
166
What are the filler particle sizes of macrofill, intermediate and microhybrid composites?
## Footnote
Domnick. Use of Composite Restoration Materials. JVD 2014
Macrofill: 100 micrometers
Intermediate: 10 micrometers
Microhybrid: 1 micrometer
167
A, B and C show what type of composite filler particles?
A. Macrofill
B. Intermediate
C. Microhybrid
168
How long does it take a vital tooth with exposed dentinal tubules to repair itself?
## Footnote
Domnick. Use of Composite Restoration Materials. JVD 2014
At least 8 weeks to begin
169
How much does acid etching increase the enamel surface area?
## Footnote
Greenfield. Enamel Defect Restoration of the Left Mandibular First Molar Tooth. JVD 2012
10-20 fold
170
What is the clinical importance of linear coefficient of thermal expansion (LCTE) for restorations?
## Footnote
Greenfield. Enamel Defect Restoration of the Left Mandibular First Molar Tooth. JVD 2012
the closer the LCTE of a material to that of enamel, the less chance for voids or openings at junction when material and tooth change temperature
171
What is the modulus of elasticity of microfil composites relative to macrofil/conventional composites?
## Footnote
Greenfield. Enamel Defect Restoration of the Left Mandibular First Molar Tooth. JVD 2012
Microfil have a low modulus of elasticity → more flexible → restoration can bend with tooth → better protection of bonding interface
172
What is the MOA of light curing?
## Footnote
Greenfield. Enamel Defect Restoration of the Left Mandibular First Molar Tooth. JVD 2012
Light absorbed by diketone → starts polymerization process in presence of organic amine
173
What are the pros of photoinitiator vs chemical activation for curing composites?
## Footnote
Greenfield. Enamel Defect Restoration of the Left Mandibular First Molar Tooth. JVD 2012
Increased strength
Enhanced color stability
Better control of working time
174
In the study, "Histological, Immunohistochemical, Biomechanical, and Wettability Evaluations of the Leukocyte- and Platelet-Rich Fibrin Membranes Derived from Canine Blood, " what growth factors were expressed in all samples?
Vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor
175
In Hoffer's 2011 study "Evaluation of Composite Resin Materials for
Maxillomandibular Fixation in Cats for Treatment of Jaw Fractures and Temporomandibular Joint Luxations," what group had a sig higher complication rate than the others?
FR100: acid etch whole tooth with flowable composite
176
In Hoffer's 2011 study "Evaluation of Composite Resin Materials for
Maxillomandibular Fixation in Cats for Treatment of Jaw Fractures and Temporomandibular Joint Luxations," what type of failure occurred significantly more for CR and CR+?
## Footnote
Maretta. Vet Surg 2011. CR acid etch, Protemp, CR+ acid etch, bonding agent, Protemp
Failure of bond
CR 71%
CR+ 100%
177
In Hoffer's 2011 study "Evaluation of Composite Resin Materials for
Maxillomandibular Fixation in Cats for Treatment of Jaw Fractures and Temporomandibular Joint Luxations," how did method of failure compare between FR50 and FR100?
## Footnote
Maretta. Vet Surg 2011
FR50: failure of composite resin sparing crown most common 83%
FR100: failure via crown fracture occurred in all specimens 100%
178
In Hoffer's 2011 study "Evaluation of Composite Resin Materials for
Maxillomandibular Fixation in Cats for Treatment of Jaw Fractures and Temporomandibular Joint Luxations," what treatment group was concluded to be the best clinically?
## Footnote
Maretta, Vet Surg 2011
FR50
Comparable load to failure to FR100
Intermediate removal time
Less severe complications than FR100
179
What are the four types of restorative materials that release fluoride?
## Footnote
McCoy. Fluoride-Releasing Restorative Materials. JVD 2015
Resin composite
Compomer
Resin-modified glass ionomer
Traditional glass ionomer
180
In the study, "Histological, Immunohistochemical, Biomechanical, and Wettability Evaluations of the Leukocyte- and Platelet-Rich Fibrin Membranes Derived from Canine Blood, " how did the 30 min L-PRF compare to the 3hour L-PRF in terms of tensile strength?
The 30 min L-PRF supported twice the ultimately tensile strength compared to the 3 hour L-PRF membrane
181
What is the association between fluoride release and compressive strength?
## Footnote
McCoy. Fluoride-Releasing Restorative Materials. JVD 2015
Negative correlation between amount of fluoride release and compressive strength
182
What categories of restorative materials demonstrate the greatest fluoride release and recharging capacity?
## Footnote
McCoy. Fluoride-Releasing Restorative Materials. JVD 2015
Resin modified glass ionomers
Conventional glass ionomers
## Footnote
Compomers contin more resin than RMGIs release less fluoride than RMGIs and glass ionomers but more than resin composites
183
In the study, "Histological, Immunohistochemical, Biomechanical, and Wettability Evaluations of the Leukocyte- and Platelet-Rich Fibrin Membranes Derived from Canine Blood, " how did the 30 min L-PRF compare to the 3hour L-PRF in terms of wettability?
The wettability of the 30 min sample membranes was statistically higher than the 3 h sample membranes
184
What are the benefits of fluoride release for restorative materials?
## Footnote
McCoy. Fluoride-Releasing Restorative Materials. JVD 2015
Fluoride is incorporated into bacteria and inhibits bacterial acid production adjacent to restoration
Restorative materials that release fluoride can also become recharged with fluoride from an external source
185
What are inelastic impression materials?
## Footnote
Perry. Dental Impression Materials. JVD 2013
Impression Compound
Impression plaster
Zinc oxide-eugenol
186
What impression material is the most flexible?
## Footnote
Perry. Dental Impression Materials. JVD 2013
Alginates
187
What is the definition of hydrophilicity/wettability?
## Footnote
Perry. Dental Impression Materials. JVD 2013
Measure of affinity and attraction of a substance to water
> 90 degrees hydrophobicity: poor wetting
< 90 degrees hydrophilic: good wetting
## Footnote
Want hydrophilicity
188
What are the two main groups of elastic impression materials?
## Footnote
Perry. Dental Impression Materials. JVD 2013
Hydrocolloids
Elastomeric materials
189
What are reversible and irreversible hydrocolloids?
## Footnote
Perry. Dental Impression Materials. JVD 2013
Reversible: agar
Irreversible: alginates
190
What are the disadvantages of alginates?
## Footnote
Perry. Dental Impression Materials. JVD 2013
Poor reproduction of surface detail
Low tear strength
Less dimensional accuracy than others
tends to stick to teeth
## Footnote
alginate radicals bond with hydroxyapatite in enamel)
191
What are the advantages and disadvantages of polysulfides as impression materials?
## Footnote
Perry. Dental Impression Materials. JVD 2013
Advantages: good surface detail, more resistant to tearing than hydrocolloids, low-moderately hydrophilic
Disadvantages: shrinkage during first 24 hours, bitter taste, potential toxicity
192
What are the advantages and disadvantages of polyethers as dental impression material?
## Footnote
Perry. Dental Impression Materials. JVD 2013
Advantages: moderately hydrophilic, excellent accuracy, good dimensional stability, tear resistance equivalent to silicones
Disadvantages: Short working time 4-5 mintures, more rigid and difficult to remove from mouth, some patients may be allergic
193
What are the two types of cured silicones and do they produce a byproduct?
## Footnote
Perry. Dental Impression Materials. JVD 2013
No byproducts
polyvinyl siloxanes (PVS)
Vinyl polysiloxanes (VPS)
## Footnote
More stable than other type of silicones C-type silicones that produce ethyl alcohol byproduct
194
What are the impression materials of choice for prosthodontics due to best accuracy and 99.8% elastic recovery?
## Footnote
Perry. Dental Impression Materials. JVD 2013
Cured silicones:
PVS, VPS
195
Are cured silicones (PVS, VPS) hydrophobic or hydrophilic and what is the working and setting time?
## Footnote
Perry. Dental Impression Materials. JVD 2013
Hydrophobic
working time: 2 minutes
Setting time: 6 minutes
196
Lower viscosity cured silicones have what effect on surface detail reproduction and polymerization shrinkage?
## Footnote
Perry. Dental Impression Materials. JVD 2013
The lower the viscosity the higher the surface detail reporduction and greater the polymerization shrinkage
197
How do canine dentinal tubules size and number compare to human dentinal tubules?
## Footnote
Kimberlin. Comparison of Shear Bonding Strength for Two Different Etching Systems in Canine and Human Dentin. JVD 2011
Canine dentin has increased size and number of dentinal tubules compared to human dentin
Canine dentin: Less intertubular surface area for bonding to composite material → bonding shear strength may be negatively affected
198
In Kimberlin's 2011 study "Comparison of Shear Bonding Strength for Two Different Etching Systems in Canine and Human Dentin," how did bonding strength of canine vs human teeth compare?
## Footnote
JVD 2011
Shear bonding strength was significantly less in canine compared with human teeth regardless of the bond system used
199
In Kimberlin's 2011 study "Comparison of Shear Bonding Strength for Two Different Etching Systems in Canine and Human Dentin," how did the etch and rinse system compare to the self-etching system in both species?
## Footnote
JVD 2011
Shear bonding strength greater for self-etching system in both species but not stat sig
200
In Kimberlin's 2011 study "Comparison of Shear Bonding Strength for Two Different Etching Systems in Canine and Human Dentin," what percent greater was the shear bonding strength of human samples than canine?
## Footnote
JVD 2011
human 40% greater
201
What type of resins produce significantly lower degree of heat during polymerization?
## Footnote
Rice, Soukup. Comparing the Degree of Exothermic Polymerization in Commonly Used Acrylic and Provisional Composite Resins for Intraoral Appliances. JVD 2012
Bis-acryl based composite resins
## Footnote
Methylmethacrylate based resins generate sig more heat
202
In Rice's 2012 study "Comparing the Degree of Exothermic Polymerization in Commonly Used Acrylic and Provisional Composite Resins for Intraoral Appliances," the green and blue lines indicate which materials respectively?
## Footnote
Soukup JVD 2012
Green: Ortho-Jet peak temp sig higher than other materials
Blue: Maxi-Temp lowest max temp
203
What percent of healthy pulps fail to recover from intrapulpal temperature rises of 5.5C, 11C and 16.6C above body temperature respectively?
## Footnote
Cited in Rice, Soukup. Comparing the Degree of Exothermic Polymerization in Commonly Used Acrylic and Provisional Composite Resins for Intraoral Appliances. JVD 2012
5.5C: 15% pulps
11C: 60% pulps
16.6C: 100% pulps
## Footnote
No difference between OrthoJet acrylic, TempSpan, and Build-It with regards to amount of time each material spent at either 5°, 11°, 16°C above body temperature despite different monomers in material and method preps.
204
According to Rice's 2012 study "Comparing the Degree of Exothermic Polymerization in Commonly Used Acrylic and Provisional Composite Resins for Intraoral Appliances," what material was the material of choice when thermal injury to pulp is a concern?
## Footnote
Soukup JVD 2012
Maxi-temp bis-acryl based
Produced sig lower and shorter exothermic reaction than other materials tested
205
In Likitpongpipat's 2019 study "Promotion of Dental Pulp Wound Healing in New Zealand White Rabbits’ Teeth by Thai Propolis Product," histologic evidence of dentin bridge formation was found in what groups and what was the stat sig relationship between wound healing and the treatment groups?
## Footnote
JVD 2019. Treatment groups: CaOH vs propolis
Both groups showed evidence of dentin bridge formation
Wound healing and the median number of hyperemic blood vessels were not statistically significant different between the 2 groups
206
In Likitpongpipat's 2019 study "Promotion of Dental Pulp Wound Healing in New Zealand White Rabbits’ Teeth by Thai Propolis Product," which treatment group (CaOH vs Propolis) had more orderly arranged dentin tubules in the dentin bridge?
## Footnote
JVD 2019
Thai propolis group
## Footnote
Propolis is bee glue a natural product
207
What are GV Black's 7 principles of cavity preparation?
Outline form, Resistance Form, Retention Form, Convenience Form, Pathology removal form, wall form, and preparation cleansing form
208
