JVD Step by Step

Question 1

What structures are preserved in this mandibular flap to remove an impacted canine?

2013, issue 1

Answer 1

Middle and caudal mental NVB

Question 2

Where was the H file placed in order to facilitate extraction of a retained root of a persistent deciduous canine tooth?

JVD 2011 Issue 2

Answer 2

In the pulp cavity, twisted clockwise, ISO size 60-80

Question 3

What % of oral tumors due lingual tumors make up?

2011, issue 3, Beulow “Major Glossectomy in the dog”

Answer 3

2-4% of all oropharyngeal neoplasia

Question 4

In Beulow’s Step by Step “Major Glossectomy in the Dog,” what are the most commonly cited lingual tumors?

JVD 2011, Issue 3

Answer 4

Melanoma and SCC

Question 5

In Buelow’s article “Major Glossectomy in the Dog,” the black, red and blue lines represent which types of glossectomies?

JVD 2011, Issue 3

Answer 5

Black: partial
Red: subtotal
Blue: near total

Question 6

In Beulow’s Step by Step “Major Glossectomy in the Dog,” what margins are necessary for resection of lingual tumors?

JVD 2011, Issue 3

Answer 6

2cm

Question 7

What structure(s) does the white arrow identify?

JVD 2011, Issue 3 “Major Glossectomy in the Dog”

Answer 7

Lingual artery and vein

Question 8

Which structure is isolated in this image?

JVD 2011, Issue 3, Buelow, “Major Glossectomy in the Dog”

Answer 8

Mandibular salivary duct

Question 9

Which structure(s) are isolated in this image?

JVD 2011, Issue 3, Buelow, “Major Glossectomy in the Dog”

Answer 9

Lingual artery and vein

Article recommends ligating each separately

Question 10

How many walls is most ideal for GTR treatment?

JVD 2011 issue 4, Gingerich Step by Step

Answer 10

3-walled

Graft under membrane = Osteoconduction, osteoinduction, osteogenesis, clot stabilization, and structural support to the overlying membrane

Question 11

What specifics are recommended for size of membrane for GTR?

JVD 2011 issue 4, Gingerich Step by Step

Answer 11

Membrane should be 2mm wider and longer than defect

Question 12

What are the benefits of using a defect filling agent (graft) when performing guided tissue regeneration?

JVD 2011, Issue 4 “Guided Tissue Regeneration for Infrabony Pocket Treatment in Dogs”

Answer 12

Osteoconduction, osteoinduction, osteogenesis, clot stabilization and structural support to membrane

Question 13

In the step-by-step on flaps to repair gingival clefts, how should the edges be beveled?

JVD 2012, issue 1

Answer 13

The borders should be beveled, one internally and the other externally. For example, the recipient side can be beveled > 90º and the donor side can be beveled < 90º

Question 14

What are the measurement goals for developing a sliding pedicle flap?

JVD 2012, Issue 1. Lateral Sliding Pedicle Flap for Gingival Cleft at the Mandibular Canine Tooth.

Answer 14

Flap should be 1.5X the width of the recipient site at its width point. Incision should extend 2.5X the width of the defect

Question 15

In Volker’s article “Surgical Extraction of the Mandibular Canine Tooth in a Cat,” what is the recommended technique for extracting ankylotic canines?

Answer 15

Transverse sectioning of consecutive apical segments

Question 16

Name this lagamorph extraction instrument

JVD 2012, issue 3

Answer 16

Incisor luxator

Note that one end of the instrument is more curved to better fit the more pronounced curvature of the maxillary incisor teeth. The less curved end is better suited to the mandibular incisor teeth.

Question 17

What closure was recommended in the bilateral rostral maxillectomy step by step?

JVD 2013, issue 3

Answer 17

T shaped closure, simple interrupted

Question 18

In Legendre’s 2012 article “Rodent and Lagomorph Tooth Extractions,” what should be done with the crown of a cheek tooth following extraoral apicoectomy?

JVD 2012, Issue 3

Answer 18

The coronal fragment is left in place to eventually fall out into the mouth

Question 19

What is the mechanism of particulate bioactive glass substance that allows it to be bacteriostatic?

JVD 2012, Issue 1. “Extraction of the Impacted Mandibular Canine Tooth.” Edstrom, Smith, Taney

Answer 19

high pH due to cation release during dissolution of particulate

Question 20

In Estrom’s 2013 article “Extraction of the Impacted Mandibular Canine Tooth in the Dog,” what was placed in all the extraction sites?

JVD 2013, Issue 1.

Answer 20

Synthetic bone graft particular

Consil

Question 21

In Gingerich’s 2013 article “Bilateral Rostral Maxillectomy in the Dog,” how many layers of closure is recommended?

Answer 21

Two layer closure using bone tunnels

Question 22

In the image shown, what variations in acyrlic inclined plane application were performed?

JVD 2013, Issue 3, “Variation in Acyrlic Inclined Plane Application,” Furman, Niemiec

Answer 22

Each side of the incline plane is removed from the oral cavity for shaping following intial application without bonding

Question 23

What is the preferred shape for gingivoplasty to correct linguoverted mandibular canines?

JVD 2013, Issue 3. Gingivectomy, Gingivoplasty, and Osteoplasty for Mandibular Canine Tooth Malocclusion. Smith

Answer 23

Hourglass shape

Wider dorsally to accept the crown of the canine tooth

promotes a “sliding board” to recieve the mandibular canine tooth that is wider dorsally

Question 24

What incidence of dental caries is reported in dogs?

Ritchie, “Class I Restoration of maxillary first molar caries in a dog,” JVD 2014, Issue 1.

Answer 24

5.3%

Hale FA. Dental caries in the dog. J Vet Dent 1998; 15:79-83.

Question 25

What is the name and purpose of this bur? ## Footnote Ritchie, "Class I Restoration of maxillary first molar caries in a dog," JVD 2014, Issue 1.

Answer 25

#330 pear shaped bur Used to slightly undermine dentin and provide retention form for caries restorations

Question 26

What size esophageal feeding tubes are recommended for small breed dogs and cats? ## Footnote JVD 2014, issue 2

Answer 26

12-14 French

Question 27

What important landmark is used when taking mucles biopsies of the temporal and masseter muscles for a dog with MMM? ## Footnote JVD 2013 issue 4

Answer 27

Zygomatic arch -- Temporalis site is dorsal to it, masseter site is ventral to it

Question 28

To what intercostal spaces should an esophagostomy tube be placed? ## Footnote JVD 2014, Issue 2. "Esohagostomy feeding tube placement in the dog and cat."

Answer 28

7th-9th

Question 29

When repairing avulsion of the alveolar mucosa or gingiva, what suture pattern will help with tension relief? ## Footnote JVD 2014 issue 3

Answer 29

Horizontal mattress looped around teeth in area

Question 30

What NVB is noted in the image to be ligated in a total mandibulectomy? ## Footnote JVD 2014 issue 4

Answer 30

Inferior alveolar NVB prior to entering the canal (mandibular artery)

Question 31

What circumference of bone is recommended to remove when extracting the maxillary 3rd incisor? ## Footnote JVD 2015 issue 1

Answer 31

180 degrees as minimum, otherwise a lip of bone remains around the elliptical shape of the tooth (blue)

Question 32

What muscle does the arrow show in Furman's "Total mandibulectomy in the dog?" ## Footnote JVD 2014 Issue 4

Answer 32

Mylohyoid

Question 33

What muscle does the arrow show in Furman's "Total mandibulectomy in the dog?" ## Footnote JVD 2014, Issue 4

Answer 33

Digastricus

Question 34

What muscle does the arrow show in Furman's "Total mandibulectomy in the dog?" ## Footnote JVD 2014 Issue 4

Answer 34

Medial pterygoid

Question 35

What muscle does the arrow show in Furman's "Total mandibulectomy in the dog?" ## Footnote JVD 2014, Issue 4

Answer 35

Masseter

Question 36

What is the recommended design for reconstruction of the lip cosmetically following bilateral rostral mandibulectomy? ## Footnote JVD 2015 issue 2

Answer 36

V shaped resection to allow cosmetic closure of skin

Question 37

What are the 4 forms of Calcinosis circumscripta described in the literature? ## Footnote JVD 2015 issue 3

Answer 37

Idiopathic, dystrophic, metastatic, and iatrogenic

Question 38

What are the 3 stages of calcinosis circumscripta histologically? ## Footnote JVD 2015, issue 3

Answer 38

1 - Absence of minimal fibroplasia and inflammation (can be fluctuant) 2 - mild to moderate granulomatous reaction and fibroplasia (can be fluctuant) 3 - marked granulomatous inflammation, fibroplasia, and mineralization. | no clinical relavance for tx ## Footnote CC accounts for 4% lingual lesions in dogs

Question 39

What are the landmarks of the incision for a lateral approach to a feline sublingual sialocele? ## Footnote JVD 2015 issue 3

Answer 39

A curvilinear skin incision is made from the bifurcation of the external jugular vein to the caudo-ventral aspect of the body of the mandible

Question 40

What are the landmarks of the incision for the ventral approach to a feline sublingual sialocele? ## Footnote JVD 2015 issue 3

Answer 40

The incision is located on the ipsilateral side of the sialocele extending form 3-cm caudal to the ramus of the mandible to the caudal sym-physeal area

Question 41

What surgical technique is being used to excise a sublingual granuloma? ## Footnote "Excision of Sublingual Granuloma," Durand, Mark Smith. JVD 2015 Issue 4.

Answer 41

Over-sew

Question 42

What surgical technique is being used to excise a sublingual granuloma? ## Footnote "Excision of Sublingual Granuloma," Durand, Mark Smith. JVD 2015 Issue 4.

Answer 42

Cut-and-sew

Question 43

What muscle may be transected to improve flap mobility when closing a maxillary third incisor flap? ## Footnote Crocker, "Maxillary Third Incisor Tooth Extraction in the Dog," JVD 2015, Issue 1

Answer 43

maxillonasolabialis muscle

Question 44

In Goodman and Carmichael's paper on labial button technique for MMF, what can be used if buttons are not available? ## Footnote JVD 2016 issue 1

Answer 44

Syringe plunger ends, modified using highspeed and burrs

Question 45

Why can we bilaterally ligate the common carotid in the dog? ## Footnote JVD 2016 issue 3

Answer 45

Due to collateral circulation by the vertebral artery

Question 46

In Goodman's 2016 paper "Modified Labial Button Technique for Maintaining Occlusion After Caudal Mandibular Fracture/Temporomandibular Joint Luxation in the Cat," what modification to the technique was made? ## Footnote JVD 2016, Issue 1

Answer 46

A single suture was used instead of 2

Question 47

What muscles are shown by the long and short arrows? ## Footnote Goodman, Goodman. "Common Carotid Artery Ligation to Minimize Blood Loss During Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery," JVD 2016, Issue 3.

Answer 47

Long arrows: sternocephalicus muscles Short arrows: sternohyoideus muscles

Question 48

The short blue arrow and long yellow arrow highlight which structures? ## Footnote Goodman, Goodman. "Common Carotid Artery Ligation to Minimize Blood Loss During Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery," JVD 2016, Issue 3.

Answer 48

Blue arrow: Common carotid artery Yellow arrows: vagosympathetic trunk

Question 49

What is the name and purpose of this technique? ## Footnote Goodman, Goodman. "Common Carotid Artery Ligation to Minimize Blood Loss During Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery," JVD 2016, Issue 3.

Answer 49

Rummel tourniquet technique for temporary carotid occlusion

Question 50

What are the indications for commissurorraphy in the dog? ## Footnote Durand, "Commissurorraphy in the Dog," JVD 2017 Issue 1

Answer 50

Support for the tongue following mandibulectomy Salvage procedure for bilateral pathologic mandibular fractures

Question 51

How many layers is a commissurorraphy closed in? ## Footnote Durand, "Commissurorraphy in the Dog," JvD 2017, Issue 1.

Answer 51

3: oral mucosa, subcutaneous tissues, skin

Question 52

What muscle is incised during a commissurotomy? ## Footnote Ritchie, "Commissurotomy," JVD 2017, Issue 1

Answer 52

Buccinator m.

Question 53

In Rice's 2017 step by step on blocks in horses, how many mLs was recommended per site? ## Footnote JVD 2017 issue 2

Answer 53

3ml for middle mental and infraorbital 10 – 20ml for maxillary 10 – 12ml for inferior alveolar

Question 54

What is the main indication for commisurraphy in the dog? ## Footnote JVD 2017 issue 1

Answer 54

Support tongue following mandibulectomy ## Footnote Most common complication dehiscence

Question 55

In the 2016 approach to segmental mandibulectomy, how should one approach the bone cuts to preserve the mandibular NVB? ## Footnote JVD 2016 issue 4

Answer 55

The dorsal and ventral mandible are transected full thickness toward, but not reaching the mandibular canal, while careful resection lines are made buccally and lingually, nearly reaching the mandibular canal

Question 56

What sinuses are visualized with a standard DV view in the horse? ## Footnote Limone 2018 issue 1, standard rad views in the horse

Answer 56

CMS, RMS, VCS

Question 57

In "A Modified Technique for Extraction Site Closure of the Maxillary Molars in a Dog", what soft tissue did they elevate to close the site? ## Footnote JVD 2018 issue 1

Answer 57

Caudal to the alveoli; caudal maxilla

Question 58

What polishing product is recommended prior to full crown cementation in Wingo's step by step? ## Footnote JVD 2018 issue 1

Answer 58

nonfluorinated pumice paste --> Fluoride mineral may reduce restorative bonding ability or reduce the effect of any acid-etching products on the cavity preparation area. Prophylaxis pastes contain oils or waxes which may prevent bonding agents from being effective.

Question 59

What are A, B, C, D, E in the following radiograph?

Answer 59

A. Conchofrontal sinus B. Ventral conchal bulla C. Rostral maxillary sinus D. Infraorbital canal E. Caudal maxillary sinus

Question 60

What are the working and setting times of Panavia 2.0 dental cement? ## Footnote Wingo. Cementation of Full Coverage Metal Crowns in Dogs. JVD 2018, Issue 1.

Answer 60

Working time 1 minute Setting time 3 minutes

Question 61

In Ritchie's 2018 article "A Modified Technique for Extraction Site Closure of the Maxillary Molars in a Dog," what was the modification? ## Footnote JVD 2018, Issue 1.

Answer 61

An envelope flap vs mesial release

Question 62

When using a piezotome for a maxillectomy, how is the cavitation effect created and what surgical benefits does it provide? ## Footnote JVD 2023, issue 3, Sasser

Answer 62

Continuous irrigation combined with vibration creates a cavitation effect which leads to a hemostatic effect on the cutting surfaces. The cavitation bubbles have a caustic effect and limit blood extravasation, and continuous irrigation cools the instrument tip, reducing the risk of thermal injury and clears the surgical site of debris

Question 63

What tooth movement is utilized when using crown extensions on LN mand canines? ## Footnote Orthodontic Treatment for Linguoversion of Mandibular Canine Teeth Using Crown Extensions Stewart MacKenzie JVD 2021, issue 3

Answer 63

Tipping ## Footnote Tipping occurs when the crown of the tooth bears the primary movement. Tension or compression is applied to the tooth and the force is transferred via the PDL to the alveolus, with the true fulcrum or center of rotation occurring at the junction of the middle and apical third of the root. The crown and root move in opposite directions

Question 64

What material was used in the 2021 step-by-step for an inclined plane as an alternative to the traditional material? ## Footnote JVD 2021, issue 2

Answer 64

light-cured acrylic denture base material as opposed to flowable self-curing bisacrylic material traditionally used