JVD Article Questions Flashcards
What species and lesion was diagnosed in this image?
Alpaca, radicular cyst
Treatment of a periradicular lesion in an alpaca. JVD 2011 Issue 1, Parker
What teeth are degus rodents born with?
Maxillary and mandibular incisors in occlusion
JVD 2011 issue 1
What is the most common MAL1 malocclusion in ferrets?
MAL1/LV of 2nd mand incisors (302, 402)
JVD 2011 issue 1
What species is demonstrated in these skull radiographs?
Rabbit
JVD 2011, Issue 2, Schumacher
In Schumacher’s 2011 Issue 2 JVD article “Measurement of clinical crown length of incisor and premolar teeth in clinically healthy rabbits,” which of the following is most correct?
A. The longest cheek tooth clinical crown was the mandibular third premolar
B. The periodontal probing depth of rabbit cheek teeth was 1-3mm
C. The cheek teeth had greater probing depths than the incisors
D. 40% of rabbits had clinically visible hooks and points
A.
In Buelow’s article on lingual lesions, what were the two most common benign lingual tumors?
JVD 2011, issue 3
Plasma cell tumors and granular cell tumors
OMM and SCC most common malig in dogs; SCC in cats
In Krug’s articles on mental nerve block, what tooth area of the MJG had more than 50% desensitization?
JVD 2011, issue 3
I3 - 57%
Distal M1 had 0%
These images represent what lesion in a dog?
JVD 2011 Issue 3
Sublingual reactive histiocytosis
Diagnosed via B/I and immunocytochemistry
What does #3 represent in this image?
JVD 2011, Issue 3, Comparison of Radiography and CT to Identify Changes in the Skulls of Four Rabbits with Dental Disease
Elongation of the reserve crowns of the maxillary cheek teeth with sclerosis of surrounding bone
In Kimberlin’s JVD article “Comparison of Shear Bonding Strength for Two Different Etching Systems in Canine and Human Dentin,” which of the following is most correct?
A. Canine dentin has more intertubular surface area than human dentin
B. Shear bonding strength was significantly greater in canine compared with human teeth regardless of the bond system used
C. Shear bonding strength in human samples was approximately 40% higher than canine
D. Shear bonding strength was greater for the etch and rinse bond system in both species
JVD 2011, Issue 4
C. Shear bonding strength in human samples was approximately 40% higher than canine
A. Human dentin has more intertubular surface area than canine dentin
B. Shear bonding strength was significantly greater in human vs canine teeth
D. Shear bonding strength was greater for the self-etching bond in both species
In Clarke’s paper on dental chews, what % reduction in calculus score was reported?
JVD 2011, issue 4
70.2% reduction in mean calculus score (significant)
In Johnston’s paper on 2% clindamycin gel, what % reduction in pocket depth was noted in treated pockets?
JVD 2011, issue 4
19%
clinda dogs had dec of 0.7 mm, compared with 0.1 mm in control dogs
What injury is considered hallmark for high rise syndrome in cats?
JVD 2012 issue 1
Midline palatal fracture (although not most common injury)
Mand symph separation also suggested, but prev not reported
What was the most common injury in cats from high-rise syndrome in Bonner’s 2012 study?
JVD 2012, issue 1
Facial soft tissue injury
Which of the following was the most common radiographic appearace of cat TR in the 2012 study on Type II TR?
A) root not visible, complete resorption
B) root or root remnants partially visible (in resorption), no radiographic evidence of inflammation
C) root remnant visible, no radiographic evidence of resorption or inflammation, ankylosis possible
D) root remnants visible with radiographic evidence of inflammation.
JVD 2012, issue 1
B) root or root remnants partially visible (in resorption), no radiographic evidence of inflammation
What CBCT reconstruction is shown in this image?
JVD 2012, Issue 1 “ Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Veterinary Dentistry”
Segmental/Half panoramic reconstruction
Enamel acid etching increases enamel surface area by how much?
JVD 2012, Issue 1, Enamel Defect Restoration of the Left Mandibular First Molar Tooth
10-20 fold
What is the relationshiop between the linear coefficient of thermal expansion (LCTE) of a restorative material and that of enamel?
JVD 2012, Issue 1. Enamel Defect Restoration of the Left Mandibular Firs
the closer the LCTE of a material to that of enamel → less chance for voids or openings at junction when material and tooth change temperature
What is the percent of inorganic fillers and particle size of conventional composites?
JVD 2012, Issue 1, Enamel Defect Restoration of the Left Mandibular First Molar Tooth
75-80%, 1-10 micrometers
What is the percent of inorganic fillers and particle size of microfill composites?
JVD 2012, Issue 1, Enamel Defect Restoration of the Left Mandibular First Molar Tooth
35-60%, 0.01-0.04 micrometers
What is the percent of inorganic fillers and particle size of hybrid composites?
JVD 2012, Issue 1, Enamel Defect Restoration of the Left Mandibular First Molar Tooth
75-80%, 0.4 - 1 micrometer
In Bellow’s 2012 JVD study “Efficacy of a Barrier Gel for Reducing the Development of Plaque, Calculus and Gingivitis in Cats,” which of the following was most correct?
A. The treatment period was 72 days
B. The cats were evaluated 4 times under general anesthesia
C. Barrier gel application decreased the development of plaque, gingivits and calculus in treated cats.
D. Barrier gel application decreased the development of plaque in treated cats.
D. Barrier gel application decreased the development of plaque in treated cats.
A. The treatment period was 56 days
B. The cats were evaluated once under general anesthesia (scored pre and post PRO)
C. Barrier gel application only decreased plaque accumulation
In Smithson’s 2012 JVD article “Multicentric Oral Plasmacytoma in 3 Dogs,” how many cases had no tumor cells in their definitive surgery specimens?
2 cases
mandibular gingival hypertrophy in Case 1, right rostral segmental maxillectomy, right rostral segmental mandibulectomy both in Case 2
In Rice et al’s paper on temperature levels of dental acrylics, which material had the highest max temperature?
a. Chemically cured acrylic resin (Ortho-Jet)
b. Chemically cured provisional composite resin (Maxi-Temp)
c. Dual-cure provisional composite resin (TempSpan)
d. Chemically cured fiber-reinforced provisional composite resin (Build-It)
JVD 2012 issue 2
a. Chemically cured acrylic resin (Ortho-Jet)
Maxi-Temp had lowest temp
Ortho-jet = methacrylate acrylic; maxi-temp and others = dimethacrylate
At what level above body temperature will 100% of teeth exhibit pulp necrosis?
JVD 2012, issue 2
16 C above body temp
15% healthy pulp will necrose at INTRAPULPAL temp inc to 5.5C above body temp
60% healthy pulp will necrose at INTRAPULPAL temp inc to 11C
100% healthy pulp will necrose at INTRAPULPAL temp inc to 16C
In Dennis’ 2012 paper about doxirobe gel, what was the maximum # weeks shown to maintain antimicrobial effect after reconsitution?
JVD 2012, issue 2
8 weeks
What species normally has orange enamel on their incisors?
JVD 2012 issue 3
The common degu
Degu pups are born without orange enamel. The enamel gradually changes at approximately 6-months postpartum to the normal orange color
In Errige’s 2012 paper on equine peripheral caries, what class of caries was reportedly most difficult to accurately grade grossly when compared to histo?
JVD 2012, issue 3
Class 2 (invading cementum and underlying enamel)
True or false: Equine palatal depth is significantly correlated with breed
JVD 2012 issue 4
False - not assoc with age, breed or sex
What 9 teeth are scored in VOHC standards for gingivitis in plaque/calculus reduction studies?
JVD 2012, issue 4
Maxillary 3rd incisor, canine, 3rd premolar, 4th premolar, and 1st molar teeth
Mandibular canine, 3rd premolar, 4th premolar, and 1st molar teeth
Used for Total Mouth Periodontal Score (TMPS) in Harvey study
In Lommer’s study on cyclosporine use in refractory stomatitis cats, what improvement rate was noted?
a < 25 %
b. < 50 %
c > 50%
d. >80%
JVD 2013, issue 1
c . >50% = 77 % improvement in tx vs placebo group
What is the MOA of immunosuppresion by cyclosporine?
JVD 2013, issue 1
Inhibits T cell activation by blocking transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-2 and IL-4
Inhibits Calcineurin, which is also important for B cell activation and proliferation
In Soukup’s paper on papillary SCC in dogs, what morphologic finding was present in 100% of cases on histopathology?
JVD 2013, issue 1
endophytic growth pattern
acanthosis
Orderly maturation of stratified squamous epithelium
In Ghirelli’s study on skull rads vs CT in oral tumors, which bone is undergoing lysis demarcated by the #3?
JVD 2013, issue 2
Palatine bone
Image shows osteolysis of the left maxillary (1), zygomatic (2), palatine (3), frontal (4), and vomer (5) bones.
What percent change is needed to identify bony change on radiography and CT respectively?
JVD 2013 issue 2
5% and 1 %
In Ghirelli’s study on skull rads vs CT in oral tumors, what was the rate of identification of invasion of adjacent anatomy for rads and CT respectively?
JVD 2013, issue 2
30% and 90%
In Mestrinho’s paper on feline TR in Portugese cats, what % of cats showed more than one type of TR?
JVD 2013, isse 2
50%
What type of bone graft is osteogenic, osteoinductive and osteoconductive?
JVD 2012 Issue 3, Use of an Autogenous Cortical Graft in Combination with Guided Tissue Regeneration for Treatment of an Infrabony Defect. Rice.
Autograft
What is the difference between osteogensis and osteoinduction?
JVD 2012 Issue 3, Use of an Autogenous Cortical Graft in Combination with Guided Tissue Regeneration for Treatment of an Infrabony Defect. Rice.
Osteogenic grafts are capable of incorporating osteoprogenitor cells to induce new bone formation. Osteoinductive grafts can stimulate pluripotent mesenchymal cells to differentiate and begin bone formation.
In Lorrain’s study “Oronasal Fistula Repair Using Auricular Cartilage,” how many ONFs were repaired and what was the success rate?
JVD 2012, Issue 3
7 previously repaired maxillary canine ONFs, all cases healed completely (100%)
Straight auricular incisions were used vs U-shaped
What is the dental formula of the koala?
The Development of an Oral Health Charting System for Koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus). JVD 2012, Issue 4, Pettett.
I = 3/1, C = 1/0, P = 1/1, M = 4/4
Dentigerous cysts develop from?
Bilateral Dentigerous Cysts in a Dog. JVD 2012, Issue 4, Macgee.
reduced enamel epithelium of enamel forming organ of an unerupted or impacted tooth
In Kouki’s 2013 article “Periodontal Disease as a Potential Factor for Systemic Inflammatory Response in the Dog,” which biomarkers were statistically significantly associated with gingival bleeding index?
JVD 2013, Issue 1
C-reactive protein, WBC and PMN counts
In Rodrigues’ 2013 paper “Percutaneous Approach for Sialolith Removal in a Donkey,” what was determined to be the inciting cause of the sialolith?
JVD 2012, Issue 1.
A cereal grain - foreign body
In Quest’s 2013 paper “Oral Health Benefits of a Daily Dental Chew in Dogs,” what dental chew was evaluated and what were the main findings of the study?
JVD 2013, Issue 2
Greenies
Gingivitis, halitosis, plaque and calculus scores were significantly lower in treatment group over 28 day period
What structure does no represent?
JVD 2012, Issue 2, Iatrogenic Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction Following Tooth Extraction in a Cat
Nasolacrimal ostium
What is the path/location of the nasolacrimal duct in the cat?
JVD 2012, Issue 2. Iatrogenic Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction Following Tooth Extraction in a Cat
Starts at the level of the maxillary third premolar teeth
Duct located dorsal or dorsomedial to maxillary canine tooth root separated by thin alveolar bone
Drains into lateral wall of nasal vestibule through ostium of nasolacrimal duct located on ventral surface of the basal folds of the nasal mucosa tunic
In Stizman’s 2013 article “Evaluation of a Hydrophilic Gingival Dental Sealant in Beagle Dogs,” statistically significant reductions were observed in the treatment side for which parameters?
JVD 2013, Issue 3.
Plaque and calculus
No reduction in gingivitis scores
What radiographic findings shown here are highly consistent with sinus feed impaction?
JVD 2013, Issue 3, Radiographic Appearance of Maxillary Sinus Feed Impaction in a Horse, Montgomery, Carmalt.
Heterogenous mixed soft tissue and gas opacification with a stippled, granulation appearance of right maxillary and conchofrontal sinuses and nasal cavity
In Lewis et al study on polyamine inhibitors use for oral SCC in cats, what was the most common side effect of the medication?
JVD 2013 issue 3
Ototoxicity
In the Kyllar study on gingival thickness in dogs, what size dogs had the thinnest gingiva and bone?
JVD 2013 issue 3
Toy breed dogs
In the study on oral flora in cats with perio from JVD 2013, what disease signs were associated with flora composed on more than 10% Porphyromonas gulae?
JVD 2013, issue 4
Mobility
Recession
Deeper probing pocket depths
Attachment loss
Most commonly isolated:
Porphyromonas gulae (86%)
Porphyromonas circumdentaria (70%)
Fusobacterium nucleatum (90%)
Which of the following has the best evidence to support its use in guiding crown preparations in dogs?
a) CA
b) taper
c) H/D ratio
d) crown margin
JVD 2013, issue 4
c) H/D ratio
What measurement was concluded to aid in success of veneer crown outcome in dogs in the 2014 paper from JVD?
JVD 2014, issue 1
Surface area
trend, not stat sig
How much enamel does acid etching remove?
JVD 2013, Issue 4.”Thermoplastic Inclined Plane Aligner for Correction of Bilateral Mandibular Canine Tooth Distoclusion in a Cat,” Blazejewski
0.01mm
What is the orthdontic force (gm) required for translation and tipping respectively?
JVD 2013, Issue 4.”Thermoplastic Inclined Plane Aligner for Correction of Bilateral Mandibular Canine Tooth Distoclusion in a Cat,” Blazejewski
Translation: 70-120gm
Tipping: 35-60gm
In Smith’s 2014 article “Dental Wax Decrease Calculus Accumulation in Small Dogs,” what is the mechanism of action for dental wax?
Dental wax decreases calculus formation via an antibiofilm effect by inhibiting glucosyl transferases (GTFs) which are bacterial enzyme systems that contribute to biofilm formation
active ingredient: anthroquinones
In MacGee’s 2014 article “Endodontic Therapy of a Mandibular Canine Tooth with Irreversible Pulpitis Secondary to Dentigerous Cyst,” what complication was noted at the 9 month follow up visit?
Increased radiodensity apical 1/3rd 304
What structure is outlined by the black and white arrows in A and B?
Dilated parotid salivary duct
Mestrinho, “Parotid Salivary Duct Stenosis Following Caudal Maxillectomy,” JVD 2014, Issue 1.
What are the quintessential radiographic signs of an osteoma?
JVD 2014 issue 2
Signs of bone proliferation without bone lysis
What are the 3 types of osteoma based on location?
JVD 2014 issue 2
Peripheral osteoma develops from the periosteum, central originates in the endosteum, and extraskeletal is located in soft tissue, usually muscle
When presented with a cat with a mass-lesion vestibular to the mandibular M1 with no boney changes on radiographs, what is a primary differential?
JVD 2014, issue 2
Pyogenic granuloma
In Duke’s 2014 paper, “Ocular Trauma Originating from Within the Oral Cavity: Clinical Relevance and Histologic Findings in 10 Cases (2003-2013),” how many cases had documented scleral perforations and what was the median and mean onset of clinical signs?
JVD 2014, Issue 4.
6/10
median 10 days, mean 17 days following dental procedures
What structures make up the orbital floor?
Duke, “Ocular Trauma Originating from Within the Oral Cavity: Clinical Relevance and Histologic Findings in 10 Cases (2003-2013),” JVD 2014, Issue 4.
Medial pterygoid muscle
Zygomatic salivary gland
Soft palate
Which strategic tooth had the most formaina noted in the the apical delta in Hernandez et al 2014 paper?
JVD 2014 issue 3
Mand M1
What dental hard tissue acts as a seive plug in the apex of a dog’s tooth?
JVD 2014, issue 3
Cementum
What is the % inorganic material for cementum, dentin and enamel respectively in the horse?
JVD 2014 issue 3
65%, 70%, 95-98%
What is the HU (radiological density) of horse cementum?
JVD 2014, issue 3
1200 - 1500 Hounsfield units
What was the most common traumatic dentoalveolar injury in dogs in Soukup’s 2015 paper?
JVD 2015 issue 1
Enamel- dentin-pulp fracture (~50%)
In Harvey et al’s 2015 paper on the effectiveness of frequency of tooth brushing, what % reduction in plaque, calculus and gingivitis was noted for daily brushing vs every other day?
JVD 2015 issue 1
Daily: 37%, 80%, 62%
EOD: 25%, 62%, 14%
gingivitis may dec by 33% per the chart..but 14% stated in discussion
What % of dogs that had presented for nasal discharge to UMN incidentally had odontogenic origin in Stepaniuk and Gingerich’s 2015 study?
JVD 2015, issue 1
55%
In Boston’s 2014 paper “Efficacy of systemic adjuvant therapies administered to dogs after excision of oral malignant melanomas: 151 cases (2001-2012),” what was survival benefit for systemic adjuvant therapy?
JAVMA 2014
No clear survival benefit with systemic adjuvant therapy
No difference in survival time for dogs that recieved adjuvant therapy (335 days) or did not (352 days)
number of dogs in each treatment group small, results could be due to Type II error
In Kogel’s 2014 study “Characterisation of tramadol, morphine and tapentadol in an acute pain model in Beagle dogs,” what was the effect of tramadol on antinociception?”
Vet Anaesth Analg 2014
Tramadol did not induce antinociception at any dose tested
only marginal amounts of M1 metabolite detected
When was the first case report of an odontogenic keratocyst in a cat reported?
2014 - “Odontogenic Keratocyst in a Cat”
LaDouceur, J Comp Pathol 2014
In Low’s 2014 study “Evaluation of a topical gel containing a novel combination of essential oils and antioxidants for reducing oral malodor in dogs,” what were the main results?
Am J Vet Res 2014
Teeth cleaned and active or placebo gel applied twice daily by owners for 4 weeks then anesthetized, cleaned and gel groups switched
7/9 owners reported decreased in halitosis with active gel
In Soukup et al 2015 blinded-control study comparing CBCT to 64-slice conventional CT, which was superior overal for imaging dental structures?
JVD 2015 issue 2
CBCT
except in pulp canal category
Which jaw bone is reported to be most affected in cases of renal osteodystrophy?
JVD 2015, issue 2 review on oral manifestations Renal Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Mandible
In Fink et al’s 2015 paper on success rates of metal crowns in dogs, what was the reported success?
JVD 2015 issue 3
85%
What is the noted inverse relationship between H/D ratio and fracture resistance noted in Soukup et al’s paper in 2015?
JVD 2015, issue 3
For every 0.1 unit > in H/D, the force to fx < by 29.9N
So the higher the ratio, the less force needed to fx
i.e. lower H/D means tooth less likely to fracture
In Soukup et al’s 2015 paper on fracture resistance, reduction in H/D of one canine caused what % increase in probability of fracture of the contralateral intact canine tooth?
JVD 2015, issue 3
54%
What immunohistological stains are positive for lingual granular cell tumors and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors?
Barrat, “Lingual Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor in a Chinese Pug Dog,” JVD 2015 Issue 3
PAS, S-100, vimentin and NSE
In Omura’s 2015 study “Measurement of Incisor Overjet and Physiological Diastemata Parameters in Quarter Horse Foals,” what were the main results?
JVD 2015, Issue 3
Overjet common in female Quarter horses of show lineage
Methods to measure diastemata lengths and overjet efficient and repeatable
Peak uniform growth of rostral maxillary and mandibular components between 4 and 5 months
What is the difference between classic vs collision peripheral giant cell granulomas?
Hiscox, “Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma in a Dog.” JVD 2015 Issue 2.
Collision lesions have POF histo characteristics, classic do not
In Capello’s 2015 paper “Elodontoma in Two Guinea Pigs,” what was the outcome of the two cases?
JVD 2015, Issue 2
Case 1: 10 weeks postop the mass was larger than prior to surgery, appetite not improved, euthanasia elected
Case 2: Guinea pig would not eat two days after surgery and euthanasia elected
In Stepaniuk’s 2015 study “Evaluation of an Osseous Allograft Membrane for Guided Tissue Regeneration in the Dog,” what was the mean pre GTR periodontal probing depth, the pocket depth gain for all 11 cases, and what percentage of cases had normal periodontal probing at the anesthetized follow up?
JVD 2015, Issue 4
Mean pocket depth before GTR 7.2mm
Mean pocket depth gain 5.4mm
All cases had normal periodontal pocket probing
In Somrak’s 2015 study “Comparison of Dorsal and Buccal Approaches for Surgical Extraction of the Mandibular Canine Tooth in Cat Specimens Using Radiographic and Computed Tomographic Analysis,” what parameters were statistically significant and which were not between the two approaches?
JVD 2015, Issue 4
Closure time for the dorsal approach was stat sig lower
overall procedure time and bone loss were not stat sig different
No complications for either approach
What type of tooth luxation injury has the worst prognosis?
Edstrom, “Traumatic Intrusion of a Maxillary Canine Tooth: 3 Cases,” JVD 2015, Issue 1
Intrusion
What are documented etiology/predisposing factors for feline oral SCC?
Bilgic, Lewis, “Feline Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Clinical Manifestations and Literature Review,” JVD 2015, Issue 1
Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke → 2 fold increased risk
Flea collars: 5 times more likely to develop oral SCC
Cats that eat canned food → 3.6 times more likely to develop SCC vs cats fed mostly dry food (tuna worst)
In Bilgic’s 2015 review paper “Feline Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Clinical Manifestations and Literature Review,” what recurrence rates following definitive surgery were reported?
Bilgic, Lewis, “Feline Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Clinical Manifestations and Literature Review,” JVD 2015, Issue 1
8/21 (38%) treated with mandibulectomy developed local tumor recurrence within follow up of study, recurrence in 3 cats despite tumor free histo margins (Northrup 2006)
4/5 cats (80%) treated with mandibular resection developed recurrence 5-12 months post-op despite aggressive surgery (Bradley 1984)
In Bilgic’s 2015 review paper “Feline Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Clinical Manifestations and Literature Review,” improved survival rates were noted with what combination of therapies?
Bilgic, Lewis, “Feline Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Clinical Manifestations and Literature Review,” JVD 2015, Issue 1
curative-intent surgery done in combo with radiation therapy
What is the role of volatile sulfur compounds on the development of periodontitis?
MIlella, “The Negative Effects of Volatile Sulphur Compounds,” JVD 2015, Issue 2
Increased permeability of oral mucosa → allows LPS and prostaglandins to penetrate → inflam response → exposure of connective tissue to periodontal pathogenic compounds
Hydrogen sulfide may contribute to alveolar bone resorption via expression of what?
MIlella, “The Negative Effects of Volatile Sulphur Compounds,” JVD 2015, Issue 2
RANKL
What is a classic vs collision giant cell granuloma?
Hiscox, “Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma in a Dog,” JVD 2015, Issue 2
Collision → areas of stellate mesenchymal cells in fibrous stroma with regularly spaced blood vessels → suggestive of a POF
Classic lacks POF characteristics
What is the most common reactive epulides in the dog?
Hiscox, “Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma in a Dog,” JVD 2015, Issue 2
Focal fibrous gingival hyperplasia
The following image is characteristic of which mass in a Guinea Pig?
Elodontoma
Capello, “Elodontoma in Two Guinea Pigs,” JVD 2015, Issue 2
What is the recommded force for tipping movement cited in Lothamer and Soukup’s case report on an active force appliance in a cat?
JVD 2016, issue 1
Tipping force - 35-60g
In Perez de Frietas et al paper on an ex vivo model testing strength of a plate fixation of mandibular bone defects, did the large breed dogs exhibit any plate bending at max force?
JVD 2016 issue 1
No
Big breeds – high force concentration at the caudal plate and screws 1 and 4
Poodles – high force concentration at the center of the plate and none of the screws
In Villamizar-Martinez’s CT study on the TMJ of dogs, what is identified as #2?
JVD 2016 issue 2
Retroarticular process
(1) Mandibular fossa. (2) Retroarticular process. (3) Articular eminence. (4) Nuchal crest.
In Villamizar-Martinez’s CT study on dog TMJ’s, how many morphologic conformations were identified?
JVD 2016, issue 2
3 morphologic conformations for the breeds included in the study
In Snyder’s study on adding buprenorphine to bupivicaine for the infraorbital block in dogs, how did they determine the duration of the bup vs bupbup groups?
JVD 2016 issue 2
MAC reduction for a number of days – longer when bup+bup (not stat sig)
In Jackson et al’s paper on diastema treatments in horses, which group was stat sig associated with reduction of pocket depth?
Feed removal and lavage
Feed removal and metronidazole placement
Feed removal, metro and PVS packing
Feed removal, diastema widening, PVS packing
JVD 2016 issue 2
all groups
In Wyss’s 2016 paper “Measuring Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) Tooth Growth and Eruption by Fluorescence Markers and Bur Marks,” growth and eruption was around 2mm/week for all teeth except?
A. Maxillary incisors
B. Mandibular incisors
C. Premolars with a pelleted diet supplemented with sand
D. Premolars with a grass hay diet
JVD 2016, Issue 1
D. Premolars with a grass hay diet: 1mm/wk
In Wallis’s 2016 paper “Quantification of Canine Dental Plaque Using Quantative Light-Induced Fluorescence,” plaque needs to be disclosed or undisclosed when using QLF to measure efficacy of products in reducing total plaque volume?
JVD 2016, Issue 1
Disclosed: not all bacteria in mature biofilms autofluoresce and QLF underestimates amount of total plaque on undisclosed teeth
In d’Ovidio’s 2016 article “Oral Malignant Melanoma in a Ferret,” what stains aided histologic diagnosis?
JVD 2016, Issue 2
Vimentin
S100
In Goldschmidt’s study on axial groove use in retention of crowns of canine teeth, how many times fold did the force applied to the crowns increase with axial grooves?
JVD 2016, issue 3
6 fold
Mean force for no grooves = 156N
Mean force for grooves = 901N (SIGNIFICANT)
In Goldschmidt’s studies on axial grooves in crown prep, where were the grooves placed for the canine tooth v maxP4 respectively?
JVD 2016, issue 3
Canine - labial and palatal
MaxP4 - mesial and distal
In Hole’s paper on the dimensions of wolf teeth in horses, which of the following is correct?
A. Crown height was correlated to crown width
B. Crown height was correlated to total tooth length
C. Total tooth length was correlated with root length
D.Crown height was correlated with root length
JVD 2016, issue 3
C. Total tooth length was correlated with root length
In Zimmerman and Soukup’s 2015 study on crown convergence angle (CA), what was the natural CA of maxP4 and mandM1?
JVD 2015, issue 4
108 = 42.89° & 409 = 36.14°
How does chemotherapy sensitize tumors to RT?
JVD 2015, issue 4
inhibiting cell repop, killing hypoxic cells, inhibiting sublethally damaged tumor cells –> gives enough time for RT dosing to work
In Volker’s 2016 article “Management of Mesioverted Maxillary Canine Teeth and Linguoverted Mandibular Canine Teeth,” how was the malocclusion of the mandibular canine teeth corrected?
JVD 2016, Issue 3
Incline planes were applied to the palatal aspects of 104 and 204 to allow distal movement of 104 and 204 with masel chains
Which image is suggestive of complete osseointegration of the allograft, the image with the arrows or without?
Synder, Bleedhorn, Soukup. “Successful Treatment of Mandibular Nonunion with Cortical Allograft, Cancellous Autograft, and Locking Titanium Miniplates in a Dog,” JVD 2016, Issue 3
Image without. Obtained 5 months following fracture repair
Image with arrows 8 weeks post op showing minimal callus formation and active bone healing
What are the bone healing properties of cortical allografts?
Synder, Bleedhorn, Soukup. “Successful Treatment of Mandibular Nonunion with Cortical Allograft, Cancellous Autograft, and Locking Titanium Miniplates in a Dog,” JVD 2016, Issue 3
Osteoinductive
Osteoconductive
Structural support
What are the benefits of Doxirobe as a membrane for GTR?
Alterman, Huff. “Guided Tissue Regeneration in Four Teeth Using a Liquid Polymer Membrane: A Case Series.” JVD 2016, Issue 3.
Downregulates matrix metalloproteinases
Upregulation of collagen production →
stimulation of osteoblastic activity, new bone formation
In Alterman’s 2016 article “Guided Tissue Regeneration in Four Teeth Using a Liquid Polymer Membrane: A Case Series,” what was the main outcome for the 4 teeth?
Alterman, Huff. “Guided Tissue Regeneration in Four Teeth Using a Liquid Polymer Membrane: A Case Series.” JVD 2016, Issue 3.
attachment gain and new bone growth identified in all patients at 6 month anesthetized recheck rads
What was the outcome of the horse in this paper?
Horbal, Dixon, “Gingival Fibrosarcoma in a Horse: A Case Report,” JVD 2016, Issue 4.
Regression of tumor following repeated surgical debulking and intralesional cisplatin over course of 14 weeks
In this case, why was a delayed/two step implant protocol used?
There was insufficient bone in this case following extraction of 301 and 401 to consider an immediate protocol
In Goldschmidt’s 2017 paper on fracture resistence in canine teeth, which was significant?
A. The influence of force direction on fracture pattern
B. The force to fracture
C. The force directed to catastrophic fractures
JVD 2017 issue 1
A. The influence of force direction on fracture pattern
Generally transverse fx in the direction of the force
Trend towards lowest force needed in group B (when force applied labial —> lingual)
In the case report on Cryptococcus focal lesion of the maxilla in a dog, which of the following is true:
A. Focal bone lesions with this fungal organism is rare
B. Amphotericin B is first line of therapy
C. It is zoonotic
JVD 2017 issue 2
A. Focal bone lesions with this fungal organism is rare
Flucanozole first line; not zoonotic, but is reportable
In Tjepkema’s 2017 case report of CAA and lateral cyst in a 2yo dog, what histologic feature was suggestive of an odontogenic cyst?
JVD 2017 issue 3
Supporting the epithelial lining was a loose stroma of small spindle cells and pale staining, wispy matrix that resembled stroma of the embryonic dental follicle
In Durand’s comparison of monofilament and barbed suture materials in cats, how much suture time was decreased between the two materials?
JVD 2017 issue 3
Barbed suture had significantly decreased suture time at 41.37%
But barbed was simple continuous and 4-0 monocryl was simple interrupted…
In Earley’s 2017 paper on hematologic findings in horses with EOTRH, what was the most common abnormality on the CBC?
JVD 2017 issue 3
hypoalbuminemia (88%)
What tumor type was found in this case and / how much follow up did they have
Odontogenic fibromyxoma
34 month RAD and biopsy follow up: no recurrence after rim excision
49 month no gross recurrence reported by owner
Scott, “Odontogenic Fibromyxoma in a Cat: First Confirmed Case in This Species,” JVD 2017, Issue 1.
In Lothamer’s 2017 paper, “Apical Microleakage in Root Canals Obturated with 2 Different Endodontic Sealer Systems in Canine Teeth of Dogs,” what was the main result?
JVD 2017, Issue 2.
There was no statistical difference in prevalence of microleakage between groups (AH plus and GF2)
The magnitude of dye penetration between groups was not significant
In Mestrinho’s 2017 study “Comparison of Histological and Proliferation Features of Canine Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Based on Intraoral Location: 36 Cases,” what was the mean expression of PCNA positive cells and Ki-67?
JVD 2017, Issue 2.
PCNA 62.5%
Ki-67 51%
In the 2017 case report or supernumerary maxillary incisors in a ewe, how were these supernumerary teeth classified?
JVD 2017 issue 4
Normotropic - due to the presence of dental alveoli observed in radiographs
In Goldschmidt’s 2017 paper on CAA outcomes based on reported margins, what percentage of recurrence of disease was noted with narrow margins?
JVD 2017 issue 4
No local recurrence was noted on oral examination in any patient regardless of postsurgical histopathological margins, including margins that were incomplete.
In Rejec’s 2017 paper comparing inflammatory indices between healthy, perio, and oral tumor dogs, which had the highest inflammatory biomarker levels?
JVD 2017 issue 4
Both NLR and PLCRi were significantly higher in dogs with OT when compared to HD and dogs with PD and could, therefore, indicate a tumor associated systemic inflammatory response
Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR)
Innate:adaptive ratio – neutrophils in cancer
Platelet large cell ratio index (PLCRi)
Biomarkers of large platelets which are metabolically and enzymatically more active than small ones
In Amery’s 2018 article “Unusual Dental Morphology in a Chimpanzee: A Case Report Utilizing Cone-Beam Computed Tomography,” what two anomalies were identified?
JVD 2018, Issue 2
mineralizations in pulp of rostral mandibular teeth
dens invaginatus in mandibular first premolars
In Tartara’s 2018 paper “Interrelationships Between Morphometric, Densitometric, and Mechanical Properties of Teeth in a 5-Month-Old Polish Merino Sheep,” which teeth were associated with the highest number of positive correlations of investigated tooth parameters, and could serve as a possible prognostic indicator for growth potential and final body weight in sheep respectively?
JVD 2018, Issue 2.
First mandibular deciduous incisor
Mandibular second premolar
In Roux’s 2017 article “Diagnoses and Treatment of Dental Disorders in a Research Colony of Macaca fascicularis: A Case Series,” what percentage of NHPs had at least 1 moderate to severe dental lesion necessitating treatment and what were the 4 most common dental disease diagnosed?
JVD 2017, Issue 3
87%
Periodontal Disease
Caries
Tooth fractures
Attrition
What is the dental formula of the Macaca fascicularis?
32 teeth: 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, 3 molars in all quadrants
What 3 reported factors affect the results of regenerative endodontic treatment?
Feigin, Shope. Regenerative endodontics, JVD 2017, Issue 3.
Effective disinfection of the root canal and sealing of the coronal access to prevent microleakage of contaminants
Diameter of the open apex
Patient age
Open apex diameter needs to be 0.5mm, >1mm have greater success
What concentration of NaOCl can be cytotoxic to periodontal ligament cells and stem cells of the apical papilla?
Feigin, Shope. Regenerative endodontics, JVD 2017, Issue 3.
concentrations higher than 3%
What is the name and purpose of the object shown in this image?
Mele. “Feline Dental Implants: Long-Term Follow-Up of Two Cases.” JVD 2017, Issue 4.
Healing abutment
Helps develop soft tissue at the punched implant site
What is the definition of emergence profile?
Mele. “Feline Dental Implants: Long-Term Follow-Up of Two Cases.” JVD 2017, Issue 4.
axial contour of the natural tooth or prosthetic crown as it relates to the adjacent soft tissue
Good emergence profile important to prevent plaque being trapped at soft tissue/crown interface and protect crestal gingiva from potential recession related to mastication
What object is shown in the image?
Mele. “Feline Dental Implants: Long-Term Follow-Up of Two Cases.” JVD 2017, Issue 4.
Impression abutment
What should be the final insertion torque for implant placement?
Mele. “Feline Dental Implants: Long-Term Follow-Up of Two Cases.” JVD 2017, Issue 4.
45 N cm
In Listmann’s 2017 article “Occlusal Angles of Equine Incisors,” what structure could most accurately estimate incisor angle?
Listmann, Staszyk “Occlusal Angles of Equine Incisors,” JVD 2017, Issue 4.
The mandibular bars
Mandibular incisors showed significantly steeper sagittal angles than maxillary incisors
What was the main take away from Marron’s 2017 article “Comparison of Micro-Computed Tomography and Digital Intraoral Radiography to Determine the Accuracy of Digital Radiographic Measurements of Mandibular Molar Teeth in Dogs?”
Marron, Rawlinson. JVD 2017, Issue 4.
Neither IOR system produced unbiased measurements that closely reflected the microCT measurements consistently
What was the etiology of this lesion?
Dental Pathology of the Iberian Lynx (Lynx pardinus), Part I: Congenital, Developmental and Traumatic Abnormalities. JVD 2018, Issue 3
Electric burn trauma
What was the most common dental pathology identified in the Iberian Lynx?
Dental Pathology of the Iberian Lynx (Lynx pardinus), Part I: Congenital, Developmental and Traumatic Abnormalities. JVD 2018, Issue 3
Abrasion/attrition 91% of specimens affected
What was the prevalence of periodontal disease and tooth resorption for the Iberian Lynx?
Dental Pathology of the Iberian Lynx (Lynx pardinus), Part I: Congenital, Developmental and Traumatic Abnormalities. JVD 2018, Issue 3
periodontal disease 81% of teeth
tooth resorption 0.6% of teeth
What are gingipains?
Massae Oba et al. (Brazil) Effects of Passive Immunization by Anti-Gingipain IgY on the Oral Health of Cats Fed Kibble Diets JVD 2018 issue 4
adhesins favoring the colonization of epithelium, lining the gingival sulcus, a key step in surface colonization and development of the harmful microbiota that results in PD
What oral tumor was identified in the maxilla and mandible of this 7 month old cat causing widening of the PDL?
Velazquez -Urgel and Reiter 2018 issue 4
POF
What endocrinopathy can cause incomplete eruption of dentition in cats?
JVD 2018 issue 3
Congenital hypothyroidism
Adequate levels of circulating thyroid hormone are necessary in order for teeth to develop properly
What sequelae results from conservative management of maxillofacial trauma in juvenile patients?
JVD 2018 issue 3
persistent deciduous teeth, linguoverted, malformed, and partially erupted permanent teeth, and asymmetric skeletal malocclusion
What % reduction in calculus was noted in dogs with dental chews group when using the Quantitative Light-Induced Fluorescence eval?
JVD 2018 issue 3
65% reduction (as compared to 43% in traditional gross quantification using a probe to measure calculus coverage)
In Storli’s paper on crown extensions to treat linguversion, what % of dogs needed long term extensions?
JVD 2018 issue 2
20%
Kvapil’s paper on dental disease in Suricata Suricatta (meerkats), what teeth more commonly had periodontal disease?
JVD 2018 issue 2
mandibular teeth
Presence of DNA of what papilloma virus type in the OSCC suggested that this virus might have played a significant role in the emergence of the OSCC?
JVD 2018 issue 2
CPV-1
Of 20 known Canine PV’s, these cause oral lesions: 1, 13, 17, 19
In Wingo’s study on bx results in dogs and cats oral masses, what was the most common lesion type in cats?
JVD 2018 issue 1
Inflammatory lesions
Lesions of inflammatory origin represented the most common histopathology result in cats (n = 37; 51%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (n = 27; 37%)
What is the radiological finding of metaplastic calcification in the sinus of horses typically associated with?
Successful Treatment of a Persistent Oroantral Fistula via Transbuccal and Transnasal Endoscopic Debridement in a Horse
JVD 2018 issue 1
reported previously as associated with dental fractures and attachment of the calcified mass to the sinus wall
In Basuki’s 2018 article “Repair of Bilateral Comminuted Mandibular Fractures in a 12-Week-Old-Puppy Using Locking and Nonlocking Maxillofacial Reconstruction Plates,” which plates failed?
JVD 2018, Issue 4
The dorsal nonlocking plates
In Kortegaard’s 2018 case report “Marsupialization Followed by Curettage of an Extensive Periapical Cyst in the Incisive and Maxillary Bone in a Dog,” how long after initial marsupialization was curettage performed?
JVD 2018, Issue 4
8.5 months with significant reduction in cyst size
This image demonstrates a favorable or unfavorable fracture configuration?
Scherer, Snyder. “Assessment of the Role of Mandibular First Molar Tooth in Mandibular Fracture Patterns of 29 Dogs.” JVD 2019, Issue 1.
Unfavorable
Caudoventral = unfavorable
What fracture pattern occurred significantly more in mesial and distal roots in Scherer’s 2019 study “Assessment of the Role of Mandibular First Molar Tooth in Mandibular Fracture Patterns of 29 Dogs?”
Scherer, Snyder. “Assessment of the Role of Mandibular First Molar Tooth in Mandibular Fracture Patterns of 29 Dogs.” JVD 2019, Issue 1.
A
In Scherer’s 2019 study “Assessment of the Role of Mandibular First Molar Tooth in Mandibular Fracture Patterns of 29 Dogs,” what root was most commonly affected and what were the most common directions of fracture propagation?
Scherer, Snyder. “Assessment of the Role of Mandibular First Molar Tooth in Mandibular Fracture Patterns of 29 Dogs.” JVD 2019, Issue 1.
Distal root most commonly affected (61.5%)
Caudoventral (68%)
Caudolingual (60%)
In Tanner’s 2019 study “A Retrospective Study of the Incidence and Management of Complications Associated with Regional Nerve Blocks in Equine Dental Patients,” what was the complication rate and what was the most common complication?
Tanner, Hubbell. “A Retrospective Study of the Incidence and Management of Complications Associated with Regional Nerve Blocks in Equine Dental Patients.” JVD 2019, Issue 1.
2.96% complication rate
Hematoma formation most common complication
In Johnson’s 2019 study “Ultrasound-Guided Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block in the Horse: Assessment of the Extraoral Approach in Cadavers,” what was the success rate for CT and methylene dye staining and what percent of blocks stained the lingual nerve?
Johnson et al, “Ultrasound-Guided Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block in the Horse: Assessment of the Extraoral Approach in Cadavers.” JVD 2019, Issue 1.
CT 81% success rate
methylene blue dye 68.8% success rate
lingual nerve stained in 68.8% cases
In Mendhelson’s paper on clinicopathological features of eosoniphilic oral disease in dogs, which of the following is correct?
A. Palatal lesions were sig associated with small breeds
B. Tongue lesions were sig associated with large breeds
C. Palatal lesions were sig associated with large breeds
D. Lip lesions were associated with small breeds
JVD 2019 issue 1
A. Palatal lesions were sig associated with small breeds
In Kent’s 2019 paper on trigeminal nerve dysfunction, what branch of the trigeminal nerve provides parasympathetic input to the salivary glands of dogs?
JVD 2019 issue 1
Mandibular branch of TN
–> Facial nerve: mand and sublingual
–> glossopharyngeal: parotid and zygomatic
In Likitpongpipat’s paper comparing pulp capping materials (CaOH and Thai propolis/bee glue) in rabbits, how many of cases had a dentinal bridge?
JVD 2019 issue 1
15/18 complete bridge in CaOH
12/18 complete bridge in Propolis
Dentinal tubules in the dentin bridge were more orderly arranged in the Thai propolis group than in the calcium hydroxide group.
In Hodesson’s case series describing tx of tooth fractures in elephant seals, how long did they note the apex would likely remain open?
A) 2-3 years
B) 4-5 years
C) < 1 year
D) > 5 years
JVD 2019 issue 1
D) > 5 years –> 7-12 years
In Tanner’s paper on first premolars in TB yearlings, which of the following is correct?
A) Maxillary first premolars were noted in <50% of TBs by 2 years old
B) Maxillary first premolars were noted in > 50% of TBs by 2 years old
C) Mandibular first premolars were noted in >505% of TBs by 2 years old
D) Significantly fewer females than males have first premolars
JVD 2019 issue 2
B) Maxillary first premolars were noted in > 50% of TBs by 2 years old
Mandibular rare; fewer MALES than FEMALEs (67% vs 77%, sig)
In Hodsson’s case report on a suspected Squamous Odontogenic Tumor, what histologic feature was absent setting it apart from a CAA?
JVD 2019 issue 2
lacked ameloblastic differentiation
Also lacked malignant signs, setting apart from SCC
In Odenweller’s paper “Validation of Regional Lymph Node Excisional Biopsy for Staging Oral and Maxillofacial Malignant Neoplasms in 97 Dogs and 10 Cats” what % of LNs with metastasis involved the mandibular LNs?
JVD 2019 issue 2
75% (11/15 cases)
75% of these were only mandibular (8/11 cases)
18% included mandibulars and retros (2/11 cases)
9% included mandibulars, retros and parotid (1/11 cases)
In Wellman and Dixon’s 2019 paper on occlusal fissures relation to apical infection in horses, which of the following is correct?
A) Standard CT identified all OFs
B) >50% of OFs stained > 6mm below the occlusal surface
C) <50% of OFs stained > 6mm below the occlusal surface
D) None of the staining involved the adjacent pulp horn
JVD 2019 issue 3
C) <50% of OFs stained > 6mm below the occlusal surface
13 of the 39 stained teeth had subocclusal fissure fractures visually identified at approximately 6 mm beneath the surface
9 of these 13 teeth the fissure fractures had deeper staining to a level immediately above or into a pulp horn
In Basuki’s study “Evaluation of Gingivitis in Pregnant Beagle Dogs”, what was signficantly associated with the dental scoring?
JVD 2019 issue 3
Only age, none of the evaluated pregnancy outcomes had any significant correlations with the severity of dental scores
In the 2019 study “Oronasal and Oroantral Fistulas Secondary to Periodontal Disease: A Retrospective Study Comparing the Prevalence Within Dachshunds and a Control Group”, what tooth was most commonly associated with an ONF in the dauchshund group?
JVD 2019 issue 4
Maxillay canine tooth
**
In the 2019 study “Qualitative and Quantitative Assessment of Alveolar Bone Destruction in Adult Rats Using CBCT”, what % change in alveolar bone volume was noted comparing the induced perio group to the control group?
JVD 2019 issue 4
78%
How does conventional ameloblastoma differ histopathologically from CAA?
JVD 2020 issue 1
In general, differentiation of the neoplastic odontogenic epithelium in these tumors is more diverse, giving rise to multiple and variable histological patterns (as opposed to a uniform acanthomatous pattern)
In the 2020 paper, “Prevalence, Radiographic, and Demographic Features of Buccal Bone Expansion in Cats: A Cross-Sectional Study at a Referral Institution” which of the following was statistically signficantly associated with BBE?
a. HBL
b. VBL
c. tooth resorption
d. extrusion
JVD 2020 issue 2
b. VBL
What two plaque scoring methods are approved by the VOHC?
Mateo, “Evaluation of Efficacy of a Dental Chew to Reduce Gingivitis, Dental Plaque, Calculus and Halitosis in Toy Breed Dogs,” JVD 2020, Issue 1.
Modified Logan and Boyce method
Gingival contour plaque index
In Castejon-Gonzalez’s 2018 paper “Treatment Outcome of 22 Dogs with Masticatory Muscle Myositis (1999-2015),” what was the overall success rate of improved vertical mandibular range of motion?
Castejon-Gonzalez, Soltero-Rivera, Reiter. “Treatment Outcome of 22 Dogs with Masticatory Muscle Myositis (1999-2015),” JVD 2018, Issue 4
91%
Previous MMM paper 57% success rate (Gilmour 1992)
In Castejon-Gonzalez’s 2018 paper “Treatment Outcome of 22 Dogs with Masticatory Muscle Myositis (1999-2015),” relapse occurred in what percent of cases and what factor was associated with relapse?
Castejon-Gonzalez, Soltero-Rivera, Reiter. “Treatment Outcome of 22 Dogs with Masticatory Muscle Myositis (1999-2015),” JVD 2018, Issue 4
relapse occurred in 27% of cases
Longterm treatment was significantly associated with relapse
In Castejon-Gonzalez’s 2018 paper “Treatment Outcome of 22 Dogs with Masticatory Muscle Myositis (1999-2015),” greatest improvement in clinical signs was noted over what time period, and how long do the authors recommend keeping dogs on pred?
Castejon-Gonzalez, Soltero-Rivera, Reiter. “Treatment Outcome of 22 Dogs with Masticatory Muscle Myositis (1999-2015),” JVD 2018, Issue 4
Greatest improvement in clinical signs over first 3-4 weeks
Keep dogs on pred 1 year
In Do’s 2019 study “Effects of Weissella cibaria CMU on Halitosis and Calculus, Plaque, and Gingivitis Indices in Beagles,” which indices were reduced by treatment with CMU?
Do et al, JVD 2019, Issue 2
sig decreases in Fusobacterium nucleatum, Pophyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Tannerella forsythia
Plaque, calculus and VSCs (volatile sulfur compounds) decreased in treatment groups vs control
No difference in gingivitis between treatment and control
In Srecnek’s 2019 paper “Microbiological Aspects of Naturally Occurring Primary Endodontic Infections in Dogs,” what was the association between number of bacterial spp in an endodontic infection and clinical or radiographic signs of endodontic disease?
JVD 2019, Issue 2.
No stat sig associations found between number of bacterial spp involved in root canal infection and any clinical or radiographic signs of endodontic disease
In Scherl’s 2019 paper “Two Randomized Trials Demonstrate Lactic Acid Supplementation in Pet Food Inhibits Dental Plaque, Calculus, and Tooth Stain in Cats,” what is the mechanism of action of lactic acid?
JVD 2019, Issue 2
Lactic acid is a good chelating agent → thought to sequester calcium that would otherwise be used to form calculus
In Scherl’s 2019 paper “Two Randomized Trials Demonstrate Lactic Acid Supplementation in Pet Food Inhibits Dental Plaque, Calculus, and Tooth Stain in Cats,” what were the differences in oral substrate accumulation between the 3 month and 1 year studies?
Both showed reduction in plaque, calculus and tooth stain at 3 month and 1 year studies.
At 1 year all indices reduced by ~30% compared to controls
In Feigin’s 2019 study “Use of Platelet-Rich Plasma and Platelet-Rich Fibrin in Dentistry and Oral Surgery: Introduction and Review of the Literature,” which platelet product provides superior bone formation and long-term release of growth factors?
Feigin, Shope. JVD 2019, Issue 2.
PRF
In Wingo’s 2018 paper “A Review of Dental Cements,” which type of material has an elastic modulus very near that of dentin?
JVD 2018, Issue 1.
Resin composites with hybrid filler
What are the hardness values for enamel, dentin, cementum and cobalt-chromium partial denture alloy?
Wingo. “A Review of Dental Cements.” JVD 2018, Issue 1.
Enamel 343 kg/mm^2
Dentin 68 kg/mm^2
Cementum 40 kg/mm^2
Cobalt-chromium partial denture alloy 391 kg/mm^2
What type of dental cements have very low solubility?
Wingo. “A Review of Dental Cements.” JVD 2018, Issue 1.
Resin-based cements
What type of dental cement has the lowest film thickness and what is the clinical significance of low film thickness?
Wingo. “A Review of Dental Cements.” JVD 2018, Issue 1.
Glass ionomers lowest
Low film thickness → improves setting of crown and decreases marginal discrepancies → reduces plaque accumulation, PD, cement dissolution and caries (humans)
Resin-based cements have how many times higher bond strengths than RMGIs?
Wingo. “A Review of Dental Cements.” JVD 2018, Issue 1.
6-10 x stronger
What is the strongest, least soluble and best bonding dental cement
Wingo. “A Review of Dental Cements.” JVD 2018, Issue 1.
Resin-based cements
Do self-adhesive resin based that self-etch remove the smear layer?
Wingo. “A Review of Dental Cements.” JVD 2018, Issue 1.
No
This is why resin-based cements have higher long-term tensile bond strengths
To prophylatically treat deep palatal folds with a CO2 laser, what settings should be used?
Ibarra, Legendre. “Anatomy of the Brachycephalic Canine Hard Palate and Treatment of Acquired Palatitis Using CO2 Laser.” JVD 2019, Issue 3
cutting setting with super pulse or continuous wave
In Birmingham’s 2019 study “The Effect of Sedation, Oral Examination, and Odontoplasty on Systemic Inflammation as Measured by Serum Amyloid A in the Adult Performance Horse,” what was the main finding?
JVD 2019, Issue 3
All SAA levels were normal following sedation, exam and float for all time peroids
In Hoyer’s 2019 study “Prevalence of Malocclusion of Deciduous Dentition in Dogs: An Evaluation of 297 Puppies,” what was the prevalence and was there a stat sig difference between purebred and mixed breed puppies?
Hoyer, Rawlinson. JVD 2019, Issue 4.
25.9% of examined puppies had malocclusions
Overall no sig differences between purebred and mixed breed dogs
What % of UCF teeth had radiographic signs of endodontic disease in the 2020 paper “The Incidence of Radiographic Lesions of Endodontic Origin Associated With Uncomplicated Crown Fractures of the Maxillary Fourth Premolar in Canine Patients”
JVD 2020 issue 2
24.3%
In Mateo’s 2020 study “Evaluation of Efficacy of a Dental Chew to Reduce Gingivitis, Dental Plaque, Calculus and Halitosis in Toy Breed Dogs,” what indices were reduced and what breed had higher overall scores?
JVD 2020, Issue 1
Gingivits, plaque, calculus and VSCs were all reduced in treatment groups
Yorkies had higher overall scores than Chihuahuas
In Thorne’s 2020 study “Successful Use of MTA Fillapex as a Sealant for Feline Root Canal Therapy of 50 Canines in 37 Cats,” what were the outcome success rates for successful RCT, NEF and failure?
JVD 2020, Issue 2
Success: 64%
NEF: 28%
Failure: 8%
Success based off of 1 6 month recheck RAD
In Thorne’s 2020 study “Successful Use of MTA Fillapex as a Sealant for Feline Root Canal Therapy of 50 Canines in 37 Cats,” was presence of preop periapical lucency, preop external root resorption, sealant extrusion or type of treatment performed statistically significantly associated with outcome?
Type of treatment: crown reduction + RCT stat sig more likely to fail
In Pusterla’s 2020 study “Investigation of the Shedding of Selected Respiratory Pathogens in Healthy Horse Presented for Routine Dental Care,” true respiratory pathogens and commensal respiratory pathogens were detected in what percent of cases?
JVD 2020, Issue 2.
True respiratory pathogens: 22%
Commensal pathogens: 89%
In Pusterla’s 2020 study “Investigation of the Shedding of Selected Respiratory Pathogens in Healthy Horse Presented for Routine Dental Care,” what were the differences between the Wisconsin and Davis horse population results?
JVD 2020, Issue 2
Wisconsin horses younger, more Warmbloods with more nasal discharge and 3 fold higher detection rate of respiratory pathogens
Wisconsin horses sig higher colonization rate of MRSA
What joint compartments of the equine TMJ are most accessible for arthroscopic exploration?
Standing Arthroscopic Treatment of Temporomandibular Joint Sepsis in a Horse. JVD 2020, Issue 2.
Larger dorsal compartment → caudolateral and rostrolateral synovial pouches
In Godzibriewski 2020 paper “Outcome of Surgical Extraction of Linguoverted Deciduous Mandibular Canine Teeth, Performed as an Interceptive Orthodontic Procedure in Puppies, on Permanent Occlusion,” what percentage of cases had atraumatic occlusion at time of final review?
JVD 2020, Issue 3
49%
51% required further treatment for malocclusion
In Godzibriewski 2020 paper “Outcome of Surgical Extraction of Linguoverted Deciduous Mandibular Canine Teeth, Performed as an Interceptive Orthodontic Procedure in Puppies, on Permanent Occlusion,” was age at time of deciduous extraction or type of malocclusion associated with final outcome?
JVD 2020, Issue 3
Both were not associated with outcome
In Kunz’s 2020 study “High Prevalence of Orodental Disorders in South Brazilian Cart Horses: Walking a Tightrope Between Animal Welfare and Socioeconomic Inevitability,” what was the most common dental disorder and was there a sex predilection for dental disorders?
JVD 2020, Issue 3.
Excessively sharp enamel points 97%
Males were more likely to have dental disorders than females
In Hernandez’s 2020 study “Morphology of the Cementoenamel Junction in Permanent Teeth of Dogs: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study,” what Choquet’s type of CEJ is pictured below?
JVD 2020, Issue 3.
Type 3
Most common type present in 91% samples
In Hernandez’s 2020 study “Morphology of the Cementoenamel Junction in Permanent Teeth of Dogs: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study,” what Choquet’s type of CEJ is pictured below?
JVD 2020, Issue 3.
Type 4
Present in 32% of samples
In the paper “Biological Behavior of Canine Acanthomatous Ameloblastoma Assessed With Computed Tomography and Histopathology: A Comparative Study”, what was CT significantly better than histo at identifying?
JVD 2020 issue 3
Bone expansion
Bone Lysis
Management of Severe Periodontal Disease and Gingival Enlargement in a Dwarf Mongoose (Helogale parvula), what treatment managed the gingival hyperplasia?
JVD 2020 issue 3
Extraction of the teeth - concurrent perio anyway, so extracted and GH was managed
In “Development and Evaluation of a Novel Oral Mucoadhesive Ointment Containing Pomegranate Peel Extract as an Adjuvant for Oral Hygiene of Dogs,” why are orabases thought to be more effective than topical drugs?
JVD 2020, issue 3
Orabases are composed of hydrogel-forming polymers dispersed in a hydrophobic base and, upon contact with saliva, they swell and adhere to the site of application – longer contact time, theoretically more effective than drugs
In “Development and Evaluation of a Novel Oral Mucoadhesive Ointment Containing Pomegranate Peel Extract as an Adjuvant for Oral Hygiene of Dogs,” what components of pomeganate extract contribute to its antimicrobial properties?
JVD 2020 issue 3
Tannins
Flavonoids
Tannins are principally responsible for the antimicrobial activity of pomegranate extracts through their ability to form complexes with proteins and inactivate enzymes of the target microorganisms
Flavonoids are responsible for the antioxidant properties of the pomegranate.
In “Early Analgesic Efficacy of Morphine, Butorphanol, Lidocaine, Bupivacaine or Carprofen After Periodontal Treatment in Dogs” which drugs improved pain levels for the patients?
JVD 2020 issue 4
Bupivacaine lower pain score than saline, butorphanol, lidocaine
Carprofen lower pain score than saline and lidocaine
In Dental Pathology of the Domestic Pig (Sus Scrofa Domesticus) what tooth was most commonly affected by PD3 and PD4?
JVD 2020 issue 4
Maxillary and mandibular M1s
69% PD3, 43% PD4
In “Ozone Therapy in the Prevention of Dental Plaque Formation in Dogs” what type of vehicle was this product that reduced gingivitis and plaque scores?
JVD 2021 issue 1
Semisolid mineral oil vehicle - topical admin method
In Pegg’s study “Cadaveric Evaluation of Load to Failure in Canine Gingiva Apposed With Varied Suture Patterns Using Poliglecaprone 25,” which suture method was most liekly to fail?
A. Simple continuous
B. Simple continuous barbed
C. Cruciate pattern
D. Simple interrupted
JVD 2021 issue 1
B. Simple continuous barbed
In Girard’s 2020 study “Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Microparticles Mixed with Autologous Blood: Application for the Reconstruction of a Large Mandibular Bone Defect in a Dog,” how did the margins of the defect and HU measurements differ at the 1 and 6 month post-op CBCTs?
JVD 2020, Issue 4.
The margins were visible at the 1 month CBCT but not the 6 month
The HUs of the defect were less than the preop at the 1 month CBCT and comparable to preop bone at the 6 month CBCT
In Girard’s 2020 study “The Use of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Substitute (BCP) in Mandibular Defects in Dogs: Use of CBCT to Evaluate Bone Healing,” there were significant associations between most all parameters assessed and what variable?
JVD 2020, Issue 4
Time
In Girard’s 2020 study “The Use of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Substitute (BCP) in Mandibular Defects in Dogs: Use of CBCT to Evaluate Bone Healing,” what is the earliest CBCT follow up time frame that gray-scale values were similar to or greater than normal bone?
JVD 2020, Issue 4
2 months
In Girard’s 2020 study “The Use of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Substitute (BCP) in Mandibular Defects in Dogs: Use of CBCT to Evaluate Bone Healing,” how many defects had satisfactory biomaterial homogeniety and biomaterial interface?
JVD 2020, Issue 4
satisfactory biomaterial homogeniety 11/14
Satisfactory biomaterial interface 12/14
In Thatcher’s 2020 paper “Diagnosis and Management of An Oronasal Fistula Secondary to Nasal Transmissible Venereal Tumor in a Dog,” how was the tumor diagnosed and treated?
JVD 2020, Issue 4
Diagnosed via CT, incisional biopsy, histo and IHC to rule out other round cell neoplasms
Treated with vincristine and a transposition U-shaped palatal flap
No recurrence at 12 month follow up CT
In Thomson’s 2021 paper “Gape Angle in Asymptomatic Dogs with Normal Occlusion,” what was the mean gape angle and did it differ between conscious and anesthetized patients?
Thomson, Synder. JVD 2021, Issue 1.
44%
did not differ
also did not differ between dental and non-dental patients
What was the most common dental pathology noted on oral exams of spider monkey’s in Zagar’s 2021 study?
JVD 2021, issue 2
Abrasion/attrition
NOT seen in any of the Marmosets also in this study
What component of a dental implant affects resistance to external forces?
A) length
B) diameter
C) volume
D) metal choice
JVD 2021 issue 2: Correlation of Fracture Resistance of Dental Implants and Bite Force in Dogs described in the literature: An In Vitro Study
B) diameter
In the case report of VPT in a young elephant’s tusk, what pulp capping material was chose?
JVD 2021, issue 3
zinc phosphate cement
In Turner’s 2021 study on perio in horses related to tooth elongations, what tooth pairs were signficantly associated with PD1?
a. 106/107, 206/207
b. 106/107, 410/411
c. 310/311, 410/411
d. 206/207, 310/311
JVD 2021, issue 3
a. 106/107, 206/207
In the case report on a OSCC of a llama, what distant metastasis locations were noted on necropsy?
JVD 2021 issue 4
mandibular LNs
prescapular LNs
lungs
What teeth are most likely to be associated with a tooth root abscess in camelids?
JVD 2021, issue 4
mandibular cheek teeth
In the 2021 paper on simple extraction of maxillary M1s in dogs (Bassett and Niemiec), wahat % of cases had healed at time of recheck?
JVD 2021, issue 4
92%
In Villamizar-Martinez’s 2021 study on skulls rads assessing the TMJ, what angle was best for the nose-up technique of the LaV-LaDO view?
A) 15 degrees
B) 30 degrees
C) 20 degrees
D) 25 degrees
JVD 2021 issue 4
C) 20 degrees
Both 10 and 20 had the best outcome
The image below shows what pathologic structure?
Temporal teratoma/dentigerous cyst with thinning of the temporal bone
Platt. “Heterotopic Polyodontia: Diagnosis and Surgical Removal of a Dentigerous Cyst Comprising 2 Dental Structures in a 14-Year-Old Horse.” JVD 2021, Issue 3
What was the main take away of Tucker’s review “A Systematic Review Comparing Mineral Trioxide Aggregate to Other Commercially Available Direct Pulp Capping Agents in Dogs?”
JVD 2021, Issue 1
MTA performed as well or better than other commercially available products in terms of the calcific barrier formation as well as biocompatibility
In Villamizar-Martinez’s 2021 study, “Radiographic Assessment of the Feline Temporomandibular Joint with Oblique Projections: A Preliminary Ex Vivo Study,” what view and what angles provided the greatest visibility of TMJ anatomy?
JVD 2021, Issue 4
LaV-LaDO views obtained from 10° to 20°
What radiographic view of the feline TMJ is this?
La10°R-laCdO/nose up lateral oblique view
In Bissett’s 2021 study “A Retrospective Evaluation of Secondary Wound Healing for Extraction of the Maxillary First Molar in Dogs,” what percentage of cases had follow up and what percentage of cases had successful outcomes?
Neimeic, JVD 2021, Issue 4
60% of cases had follow up
99% successful outcomes
According to Zacher’s 2021 review “Decision-Making and Management of Immature Permanent Teeth with Crown Fractures in Small Animals - A Review,” indirect pulp capping includes placement of what agent(s) as a base layer?
Manfra Marreta JVD 2021, Issue 2
Hard setting calcium hydroxide
MTA
newer generation bioceramic materials
Followed by glass ionomer or resin-modified glass ionomer then composite
According to Zacher’s 2021 review “Decision-Making and Management of Immature Permanent Teeth with Crown Fractures in Small Animals - A Review,” how many millimeters of calcium hydroxide or MTA should be applied to the pulp during VPT?
JVD 2021, Issue 2
2-3mm
According to Zacher’s 2021 review “Decision-Making and Management of Immature Permanent Teeth with Crown Fractures in Small Animals - A Review,” for apexification the working length should be how many millimiters short of the apex and how many millimeters of the apex should be filled with MTA?
JvD 2021, Issue 2
1-2mm short of the apex
fill the apical most 4-5mm
Triple antibiotic paste (TAP) used for regenerative endodontics is composed of what antibiotics?
Zacher. “Decision-Making and Management of Immature Permanent Teeth with Crown Fractures in Small Animals - A Review,” JVD 2021, Issue 2
1:1:1 ratio of ciprofloxacin
metronidazole
minocycline
In Gawor’s 2021 study “Comparison of a Vegetable-Based Dental Chew to 2 Other Chews for Oral Health Prevention,” Vegetable based dental chews performed better than controls for what oral health index?
JVD 2021, Issue 3
Gingival bleeding
In Mulherin’s 2021 case report Unerupted “Supernumerary Mandibular Fourth Premolar in a Dog,” what imaging modalities were used to identify the location of the supernumerary tooth?
JVD 2021, Issue 3
Dental radiographs with the aid of pieces of gutta percha cone
Conventional CT without contrast
In Mulherin’s 2021 case report Unerupted “Supernumerary Mandibular Fourth Premolar in a Dog,” what was the suspected etiology of the supernumerary tooth?
JVD 2021, Issue 3
Reversion to ancestral condition
ruled out other potential etiologies: Mechanical splitting of tooth germ, Retention of a deciduous tooth, Genetic mutation causing formation of an additional tooth
What was the failure rate in Ribka’s 2022 paper “Success of Feather Margin Preparation for Full Metal Prosthodontic Crowns in the Canine Teeth in 84 Pet and Working Dogs (2005-2017)?”
2.5% (4/160 crowns)
2 lost to tooth fracture apical to metal crown
1 lost to bond failure
1 wore through
In Herren’s 2022 paper “Semi-Automatic Segmentation of Cone Beam Computed Tomography Datasets for Volume Measurements of Equine Cheek Teeth,” what was the relationship between CBCT segmentation and the water displacement method gold standard?
JVD 2022, Issue 1
There was a strong correlation between both methods with segmentation underestimating CT volume by 6%
Maxillary CT volumes were 40% greater than mandibular
What is the dental formula of cattle?
Standing Intraoral Extraction of the Right Mandibular Third Molar Tooth in a Cow Utilizing Tooth Sectioning
I 0/3, C0/1, P 3/3, M 3/3
In Castejon-Gonzalez’s 2022 paper “Etiology, Clinical Presentation, and Outcome of Mandibular Fractures in Immature Dogs Treated with non-Invasive or Minimally Invasive Techniques,” what factors were stat sig associated with outcome?
JVD 2022, Issue 1
Increments of one day in age decreased the time needed to reach clinical healing by 0.8 days
Time needed to reach clinical healing increased by 0.4 days for each day muzzle was in place
Poliglecaprone maintains what percent of its tensile strength for 7 days and when is it completely degraded by?
Pegg “Clinical Evaluation of Intraoral Suture Patterns Using Poliglecaprone 25 in Greyhound Dogs,” JVD 2022
maintains 50-60% of tensile strength through 7 days
Completely degraded by hydrolysis after 91-119 days
In Pegg’s 2022 article “Clinical Evaluation of Intraoral Suture Patterns Using Poliglecaprone 25 in Greyhound Dogs,” what differences exisited between SI and SC for dehiscence and tissue inflammation, and what teeth experienced sig more dehiscence than any other?
JVD 2022, Issue 2
No significant difference between dehiscence scores based on suture pattern
Stat sig increase in inflammation per suture for SI pattern between rechecks 1 and 2
SC faster to apply
When patterns compared at a site → trend observed for SI to have higher dehiscence scores
Mandibular canine teeth sig more likely to dehisce
6 of the 7 sites with major dehiscence occurred with the SI pattern
In Scerl’s 2022 article “A Semi-Automated Method for Measuring Biofilm Accumulation on the Teeth Using Quantitative Light-Induced Fluorescence in Dogs and Cats,” what was the main difference in methodology between this and other QLF studies in animals?
JVD 2022, Issue 2
A specifically intra-oral camera was used that facilitates compliant pictures on conscious animals
There was agreement between the QLF and Logan and Boyce methods
The yellow arrow shows what material and is characteristic of what type of mass?
intraluminal keratin from a pore
Keratinized odontogenic cyst
Johnson, Bell. Characterization and Classification of Keratinized Odontogenic Cysts in 29 Dogs. JVD 2022, Issue 2
In Johnson’s 2022 article, “Characterization and Classification of Keratinized Odontogenic Cysts in 29 Dogs,” what was the most common location and what tooth was most frequently involved?
JVD 2022, Issue 2
Most common region rostral maxilla with 38% of cysts
59% involved a canine tooth
No breed or sex predilections identified
In Babbit’s 2022 study “Cystic Odontogenic Tumor with Features of a Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst in 3 Cats and a Dog,” what histologic features separate these lesions from other odontogenic tumors?
JVD 2022, Issue 2
odontogenic epithelial cyst lining that has ghost cells and intraepithelial calcifications with little to no amyloid-like material
In Calisir’s 2019 study “Humic Acid, a Polyphenolic Substance, Decreases Alveolar Bone Loss in Experimental Periodontitis in Rats,” significantly lower bone loss was present in what treatment groups and what cytokine was sig lower in the treatment groups?
JVD 2019, Issue 4
HA 20mg/kg/d and HA 150mg/kg/d
IL-1Beta
What condition are these images consistent with?
Dentin dysplasia
What causes of intrinsically stained teeth are generally associated with vital teeth?
Hutt. Generalized Dentin Dysplasia in a Four-Year-Old Dog. JVD 2021
Enamel Hypoplasia
Amelogenesis imperfecta
Dentinogenesis imperfecta
Dentin dysplasia
Tetracycline exposure during development
Dental fluorosis
Erythropoietic hyperbilirubinemia
In Kopp’s 2022 article “A Standard Method for Intraoral Dental Radiography With Dental Photo-Stimulative Phosphor (PSP) Plates in Big Cats,” what specific device was used to obtain the images and what radiographic technique/method was adapted for use in big cats?
JVD 2022
Equine intraoral plate
Stoll’s Hemisphere Model
What 3 factors does tissue engineering periodontal structures rely on?
JVD 2022, issue 1, Review on Perio Tissue Regeneration
Relies on 3 factors: appropriate cells (stem cells or progenitor cells), ECM (conductive scaffold), and signaling molecules (genes, growth factors)
Which of the followting types of scaffolds guide regeneration by carrying one or more factors that are biologically active in the recruitment of vascular tissues and cells from around the tissue defect?
A. Gene-based scaffold
B. Cell-based scaffold
C. Conductive scaffold
D. Inductive scaffold
JVD 2022, issue 1, Review on Perio Tissue Regeneration
D. Inductive scaffold
Conductive scaffolds are biocompatible and guide regeneration by allowing passive growth and attachment of vascular and cellular elements that are already present in the tissue defect
Inductive scaffolds are biocompatible and guide regeneration by carrying one or more factors that are biologically active in the recruitment of vascular tissues and cells from around the tissue defect
Cell-based scaffolds are biocompatible and contain progenitor or differentiated cells.
Gene-based scaffolds are biocompatible and hold single or multiple genes that can cause non-progenitor cells in the defect to transform into progenitor and mature tissue cells
RNA-based scaffolds are based on RNA interference, which is a novel mechanism of action where certain gene expression is silenced
In studies using stem cells (DPSCs) and allograft compared to allograft alone, what components of the periodontium had more regeneration?
JVD 2022, issue 1, Review on Perio Tissue Regeneration
Alveolar bone and cementum
What tissue does rhBMP-2 induce of the periodontium?
JVD 2022, issue 1, Review on Perio Tissue Regeneration
Bone
Induces osteblast differentiation. Does not induce cementum. Ankylosis possible
In the 2022 study on intrinsically stained teeth, what % of stained teeth were non-vital?
JVD 2022, issue 1
87.6%
Define extrinsic and intrinsic tooth staining
JVD 2022 issue 1
Extrinsic discoloration is outside the tooth substance and lies on the tooth surface or in the acquired pellicle.
Intrinsic discoloration occurs following a change to the structure, composition, or thickness of the dental hard tissues
What are causes on intrinsic tooth staining?
JVD 2022 issue 1
amelogenesis imperfecta, dentinogenesis imperfecta, tetracycline ingestion during tooth development, dental fluorosis, tooth resorption, hyperbilirubinemia, pulp necrosis, injury, and aging
In the 2022 study comparing TrisEDTA and 0.12% Chlorohex on plaque bacteria, which bacteria was significantly reduced with 0.12% Chlorohex alone?
JVD 2022 issue 1
Actinomyces canis and Neisseria canis
Early colonizers
What is the MOA of 0.12% Chlorohex and TrisEDTA for fighting bacteria?
JVD 2022 issue 1
Chlorhexidine is a cationic bisbiguanide that binds to the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, causing membrane damage to Gram-positive, Gram-negative, facultative aerobic, and anaerobic bacteria65 with efficacy dependent on contact time and concentration
EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, a chelating agent, has historically been used to potentiate the effects of antimicrobials and may be especially important in dispersing biofilms
In the 2022 paper comparing solutions against plaque bacteria, which bacteria was TrisEDTA combined with 0.12% Chlorohex most effective against?
JVD 2022 issue 1
Synergism suggested between solutions for P. gulae
In regards to human lit on success rate of auricular cartilage repair of recurrent ONFs assoc with previous cleft palate surgeries, what success rate is reported?
A. < 25%
B. < 50%
C. >75%
Surgical Repair of Acquired Oronasal Fistulas Secondary to Periodontal Disease in Dogs Using a Flexible Bone Membrane: A Case Series
JVD 2022 issue 1
C. > 75% (91%)
In the 2022 paper “Dental Abnormalities in Immature Dogs with a History of Mandibular Fractures”, which of the following is true?
A. > 50% of deciduous teeth in or near the mandibular fracture exfoliated uneventfully
B. < 50% showed developmental abnormalities or were non-vital at follow up
C. < 50% of the teeth affected by abnormalities were located in or near the mandibular fracture
D. > 50% of tooth germs affected lead to impacted (unerupted) teeth
JVD 2022 issue 2
A. > 50% of deciduous teeth in or near the mandibular fracture exfoliated uneventfully –> 64%
73.5% showed developmental abnormalities or were non-vital
85.0% of the teeth affected by abnormalities were located in or near the mandibular fracture
70.1% erupted
What components of furcation anatomy can impede proper diagnosis and treatment of furcation lesions?
JVD 2022 issue 2, review on managment of furcation lesions in dogs
Narrow furcation entrance and narrow divergence areas can impede the diagnosis and treatment of furcation lesions, whereas wider areas can facilitate treatment
What estimate mean distance of horizontal bone loss is needed to exposure the furcation of a MandM1 and MaxP4 ina dog?
JVD 2022 issue 2, review on managment of furcation lesions in dogs
An estimated mean HBL approximately 2 to 3 mm would lead to furcation exposure in mandM1
An estimated mean HBLof approximately 5 mm would lead to furcation exposure in MaxP4
However, in humans, 6 mm of horizontal attachment loss would be needed to cause furcation exposure of the mandibular or maxillary first molars
True or false: dog teeth often have accessory canals leading to the furcation
JVD 2022 issue 2, review on managment of furcation lesions in dogs
False
Two studies in dogs failed to find canals to the furcations in 261 teeth examined, although other accessory canals were identified → less likely a problem in our patients
What % of bone loss is needed to idenify a lesion at a furcation?
JVD 2022 issue 2, review on managment of furcation lesions in dogs
It has been reported that approximately 30 to 40% of bone must be lost at the furcation to be detected on radiographs.
What property of ultrasonic scaling destroys bacteria?
JVD 2022 issue 2, review on managment of furcation lesions in dogs
Cavitation
Which of the following populations of Black Fronted Duiker (Cephalophus niger) had more dental disease in the 2022 study on free range populations?
A. Female, dry season
B. Male, wet season
C. Female, wet season
D. Male, dry season
Occurrence and Progression of Dental Abnormalities in the Black Fronted Duiker (Cephalophus niger) Due to Deficient Diet and Extreme Weather Phenomena
JVD 2022 issue 2
A. Female, dry season
The majority of dental pathologies among the free-range animals occurred between the second and third year of observation with a higher frequency in the dry periods
Sex dimorphism in pathology: Generalized gross attrition, especially around the lower first and second molars occurred with higher frequency during the drier periods; showing more gender dimorphism (100% in females) and attrition was more prevalent with observable bone resorption between the lower right quadrant second and third molars (21%) in a similar time period since females are relatively more reluctant to increase home range area compared to males.
In the 2022 study “Reliability of Electric Pulp Test, Cold Pulp Test or Tooth Transillumination to Assess Pulpal Health in Permanent Dog Teeth”, which test has the highest success rate at identifying non-vital teeth?
JVD 2022 issue 2
Electric pulp test
What nerve fibers does the electric pulp test rely on? What fibers does the thermal pulp test rely on?
JVD 2022 issue 2
EPT – A -delta fibers. Relies on an ionic shift in the dentinal fluid within the dentinal tubules. By applying an electric current to the tooth surface, the ionic movement in the dentinal fluid causes a local depolarization and impulse propagation through the A-delta fibers creating the sudden, sharp pain sensation
Thermal – A-delta and C fibers. Thermal pulp testing relies on rapid temperature change of the tooth causes a sudden fluid flow within the tubules which stimulates the A-delta fiber nociceptors in the dentin-pulp complex. A gradual change in the tooth temperature, however, would rather excite C fibers and elicit a delayed, dull and diffused aching.
Define the acquired enamel pellicle
JVD 2022 issue 3
The acquired enamel pellicle (AEP) is a thin acellular film of proteins or glycoproteins selectively adsorbed to the surface of the teeth after exposure to saliva
Utilized by microbes in the oral cavity to colonize the tooth surface through protein-protein interactions and carbohydrate binding
Acts as a semi-permeable barrier regulating demineralization-mineralization processes at the tooth surface
It can prevent abrasion by working as a lubricative film
In the 2022 case report on “Combined Gap and Interpositional Arthroplasty Utilizing Three-Dimensional Printed Model in a Dog with Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis and Pseudoankylosis”, what flap pictured here was utlizied in the closure of the site?
JVD 2022 issue 3
temporalis myofascial flap was to function as an autologous interpositional material in an effort to prevent continued osseous healing and further pseudoankylosis
What infectious disease can manifest on radiographs with mottled appearance of mandible with loss of trabecular bone and punctate lucencies, as shown in these rads of a 5 year old dog?
JVD 2022 issue 3
Mandibular blastomycosis
In the 2022 article “Radiographic Outcome of the Endodontic Treatment of 55 Fractured Canine Teeth in 43 Dogs (2013-2018)”, what was concluded about voids in obturation?
JVD 2022 issue 3
Small void 12/55 (21.82%) and large void was found in 4/55 (7.27%) teeth – presence not assoc with failure
In the 2022 article “Radiographic Outcome of the Endodontic Treatment of 55 Fractured Canine Teeth in 43 Dogs (2013-2018)”, what radiographic endodontic finding was more likely to resolve with palcement of a crown?
JVD 2022 issue 3
The outcome for teeth with crowns compared to teeth without crowns was not different overall, however, the subset of teeth with a PAL that had a crown placed were more likely to recover from the PAL and be diagnosed as successful upon follow-up (71.42% successful) than teeth with a PAL and no crown (33% successful)
In the 2022 case report on displacement of an alveolar plug after extraction of 210, what sinus was the plug located in this 4 yo TB mare?
JVD 2022 issue 3
Rostral maxillary sinus <– odd for a 210!
The following image is from a 15 month old MC Doberman. What developmental disorder do you suspect?
A. Distemper virus induced enamel hypoplasia
B. Dentinogenesis imperfecta
C. Osteogenesis imperfecta
D. Dentin dysplasia
JVD 2022 issue 4
B. Dentinogenesis imperfecta
Primary and secondary dentin affected
In the case series “Clinical, Diagnostic and Histological Findings Involving Cheek Teeth Hypercementosis in Nine Horses”, which type of hypercementosis was noted in all 9 cases?
A. Nodular HC
B. Peripheral HC
C. Neoplastic HC
JVD 2022 issue 4
B. Peripheral HC
In the RANK/RANKL pathway, what ligand inhibits osteoclast differentiation and prevent excessive bone reabsorption?
JVD 2022, issue 4, Genomic Medicine in Periodontal Disease: Old Issue, New Insights
OPG (osteoprotegerin)
In the 2022 paper “Success of Occlusal Aperture Access for Endodontic Therapy of Canine Teeth in Dogs”, which of the following is true?
A. < 50% required restoration adjustments due to no crown
B. > 50% required restoration adjustments due to no crown
C. Success rate was < 75% and attributed to no crown
D. The decreased height of the tooth increased risk of fracture
JVD 2022 issue 4
A. < 50% required restoration adjustments due to no crown (24/29 teeth needed no adjustment, 100% cases needed no further endo tx)
In the 2023 study “A Retrospective Observational Cohort Study on the Expiration of Maxillary Cheek Teeth Infundibula in 217 Horses” what is the time difference in the disappearance of the mesial and distal infundibula in maxillary cheek teeth and which dissapears first?
JVD 2023 issue 1
Mesial vs distal IF disappearance ~4.5 years apart
Mesial dissapears first
In the 2023 paper “Clinical, Radiographic and Histologic Evaluation of 40 Cystic Oral Lesions in 37 Cats”, which of the following findings occured in the odontogenic tumors only and not the odontogenic cysts?
A. Tooth resorption
B. Swelling
C. Bone destruction
D. Displacment of teeth
JVD 2023 issue 1
D. Displacment of teeth
Which growth factors in PRP have demonstrated success in inducing odontoblast differentiation and reparative dentin formation in cultured pulp cells and experimental animals?
JVD 2023 Issue 1, Submucosal Injection of Activated Platelet-Rich Plasma for Treatment of Periodontal Disease in Dogs
TGF-β and PDGF
What is the most common site of skull fracture in the horse?
JVD 2023 issue 1, Treatment of a Mandibular Diastemal Fracture Using Locking Compression Plate and Cerclage Wire in a Mare
Diastema (interdental space…) between incisors and cheek teeth
In the 2023 study “A Retrospective Study of Ectopic Eruption in 35 Dogs”, what were the most common teeth with ectopic eruption in the maxilla?
JVD 2023 issue 2
Incisors
In the 2023 paper “Medical Management of Canine Chronic Ulcerative Stomatitis Using Cyclosporine and Metronidazole”, where were the most common ulcerative lesions noted in the dogs?
JVD 2023 issue 2
tongue margins and glossopalatine arches in 70% of dogs
When associated with osteogenesis imperfecta, dentinogenesis imperfecta is caused by mutations in what genes?
Wilson. A review of dentinogenesis imperfecta and primary dentin disorders in dogs. JVD 2022
Genes that code for Type 1 collagen
DGI-1 associated with osteogenesis imperfecta
Non-syndromic forms of dentinogenesis imperfecta are most often caused by mutations of what gene?
Wilson. A review of dentinogenesis imperfecta and primary dentin disorders in dogs. JVD 2022
dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) gene
encodes
What breeds are reported to have higher prevalence of CCUS?
JVD 2023 issue 2
The Maltese Terrier, Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, Labrador Retriever, Greyhound, and terrier breeds are reported to have a higher prevalence of CCUS
What is the MOA of cyclosporine?
JVD 2023 issue 2
Binds to intracellular cyclophilin A, forming a cyclosporine-cyclophilin complex that subsequently inhibits calcineurin, an enzyme critical to the synthesis of cytokines such as IL-2, IL-4, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha, and interferon (INF) gamma by T-cells
In the 2023 paper “Morphometry and Morphology of the Articular Surfaces of the Medial Region of the Temporomandibular Joint in the Felis Catus (Domestic cat) - A Cone Beam Computed Tomography Study”, how many TMJ conjigurations were noted? How many were noted previously in a similat study in dogs?
JVD 2023 issue 2
1 configuration in cats: measurements demonstrated a concave mandibular fossa with a prominent retroarticular process and a poorly developed articular eminence
3 configurations in dogs
In the 2023 survey study “Owner Survey of 55 Dogs That Underwent Full Mouth Extraction Procedures in a Referral Practice”, how many dogs that had FME ate the same diet after healed?
JVD 2023 issue 2
52%
What radiographic view allows imaging of a 109 or 209 as shown?
JVD 2023 issue 3
Transorbital view
A 5 month old MI DSH presents to you with incomplete dentition or delayed dental eruption and skeletal abnormalities like dwarfism, what systemic condition should you consider testing for?
JVD 2023 issue 3
Congenital hypothyroidism
What are the 4 types of dens invaginatus?
JVD 2023 issue 3
Type I: the invagination is confined to within the crown of the tooth and does not extend beyond the level of the amelo-cemental junction.
Type II: the invagination extends into the pulp chamber but remains within the root canal with no communication with the periodontal ligament.
Type IIIA: the invagination extends through the root and communicates laterally with the periodontal ligament space through a pseudo-foramen.
Type IIIB: the invagination extends through the root and communicates with the periodontal ligament at the apical foramen (human definitions)
In the 2023 paper “Microscopic Alterations of the Dental Pulp in Surgically Extracted Teeth of Dogs”, what was the most common histopathologic finding of the pulp?
JVD 2023. issue 3
Pulp fibrosis (26%)
In the 2023 study “Outcome of Surgical Extraction of Linguoverted Deciduous Mandibular Canine Teeth, Performed as an Interceptive Orthodontic Procedure in Puppies, on Permanent Occlusion,” what % of the population had atraumatic occlusion of the permanent canines after extraction of the deciduous?
JVD 2023 issue 3
49%
In the 2022 article “Assessment of extractions of deciduous mandibular canine teeth to correct linguiversion malocclusion in 17 dogs”, which class malocclusion had the most success?
A. MAL1
B. MAL2
C. MAL3
JVD 2022 issue 3
A. MAL1
For NiTi files, what configuration allows recovery from strain or shape memory?
A. A phase
B. M phase
C. R phase
JVD 2022 issue 3 Review on NiTi files
B. M phase
For NiTi files, what configuration has flexibility that allows insertion into a canal?
A. A phase
B. M phase
C. R phase
JVD 2022 issue 3 Review NiTi files
A phase
Define elastic modulus
JVD 2022 issue 3 Review NiTi files
Elastic modulus aka Youngs modulus: refers to inherent stiffness of a material. A high modulus denotes that a material has more stiffness and will reach plastic or permanent deformation with applied stress more quickly when compared to that of low modulus
For NiTi instruments, what’s the most common type of fatigue and what forces contribute to it?
JVD 2022 issue 3 Review NiTi files
Cyclic fatigue: when an instrument rotates in a curved canal resulting in motion induced repetitive compressive and tensile stress. MOST COMMON in curved canals
What is the 12 pecks rule related to Lightspeed files?
JVD 2022 issue 3 Review NiTi files
12 pecks rule - master file is identified when files requires 12 pecks to get to working length
In the 2022 study with periodontitis and diabetes induced rat population, how did the drug Astaxanthin decreased alveolar bone loss?
JVD 2022 issue 3
Decreasing RANKL and increasing OPG
The drug is an antioxidant – reduces apoptosis
In the 2022 paper on intraoral radiographs in big cats, what radiographic technique was utilized?
JVD 2022 issue 4
Stoll’s Hemisphere Model
In the 2022 study “Correlation between radiographic and histopathologic findings associated with unerupted teeth in dogs”, how often were the rad and histo findings in agreement when a cyst was present?
JVD 2022 issue 4
75%
In the 2022 study “Dental pain in cats: a prospective 6 mo study”, what clinical signs were statistically signficantly associated with oral pain?
JVD 2022 issue 4
TR, missing teeth, hypersalivation
In the case series “Approach and Interfragmentary Stabilization of Caudal Mandibular Fracture in the Cat” what surgical apporach was used to access the caudal body of the mandible?
JVD 2023 issue 1
Commisurotomy
In “Dental Disorders in Wild and Domestic Pigs (Sus Scrofa): A Review” what tooth was most commonly missing and which had the highest incidence of supernumerary forms?
JVD 2023 issue 1
Missing - mandP1
SN - maxP2
In the 2023 study “Oral Pathology in Portuguese Dogs: An Eight-Year Biopsy-Based Retrospective Study” what was the most common neoplastic lesion diagnosed in any age dog?
JVD 2023 issue 1
POF
Dogs less than 7 years, most common lesion was POF > MM > CAA
Dogs greater than 7 years, most common lesion was POF > MM > SCC
What causes temperature changes in inflammed tissues?
JVD 2023 issue 1 Thermographic Examination of the Gingiva of 16 Dogs
Microvascular changes in bloodflow are observed with inflammation and cause changes to local tissue temperature, which can be an objective finding in diagnosing periodontal diseases
In the 2023 study “Histopathological Results of Mouth Lesions in Dogs and Cats from Colombia” what was the most common non-neoplastic lesion diagnosed in dogs?
JVD 2023 issue 2
Gingival hyperplasia
In the 2023 study “Intracanal Microbiological Contamination Reduction Using Low-intensity Laser Associated with a Photosensitizer – In Vivo Study in Teeth of Dogs”, what was the % decrease in bacterial load after RC preparation and then after RC prep and use of photodynamic therapy?
JVD 2023 issue 2
77% and 89% respectively
there was 100% reduction of E.coli after photodynamic therapy
What is the biologic basis of plasmocytomas?
JVD 2023 issue 2 Oral Extramedullary Plasmacytoma Treatment Using a Combination of Marginal Excision and Strontium-90 Therapy in Five Dogs
Clonal expansion of mature B-lymphocyte plasma cells
In the 2023 study “Prevalence of Dental and Skeletal Malocclusions in Mesaticephalic and Dolichocephalic Dogs—a Retrospective Study (2015–2018)” what was the most common breed to have deciduous MAL and adult MAL?
JVD 2023 issue 2
Poodles
Decid MAL: Breeds: poodles (34%), labs (9.5%), Cavalier king charles (7%)
Adult MAL: Breeds: 5 most commonly affected breeds with permanent malocclusions were Poodles, Labrador Retrievers, Chihuahuas, Pit Bull Terriers, and Cavalier King Charles Spaniels
In “A Retrospective Review of Dental Care and Related Husbandry of Captive Great Apes Over 37 Years (1982–2019) at Milwaukee County Zoo” what were the most common causes of tooth loss?
JVD 2023 issue 3
The most common cause for tooth loss in captive animals: periodontal disease > attrition (older animals) > caries (esp in younger animals with poor husbandry)
What do growth factors VEGF and PDGF from PRF do?
JVD 2023 issue 3 Histological, Immunohistochemical, Biomechanical, and Wettability Evaluations of the Leukocyte- and Platelet-Rich Fibrin Membranes Derived from Canine Blood
VEGF and PDGF are inducers of angiogenesis
What is the dental formula of pigs?
JVD 2023 issue 3 Permanent Tooth Eruption Patterns in Nigerian Local Pigs
I 3/3, C 1/1, P 4/4, M 3/3
