JVD Article Questions

Question 1

What species and lesion was diagnosed in this image?

Answer 1

Alpaca, radicular cyst
Treatment of a periradicular lesion in an alpaca. JVD 2011 Issue 1, Parker

Question 2

What teeth are degus rodents born with?

Answer 2

Maxillary and mandibular incisors in occlusion

JVD 2011 issue 1

Question 3

What is the most common MAL1 malocclusion in ferrets?

Answer 3

MAL1/LV of 2nd mand incisors (302, 402)

JVD 2011 issue 1

Question 4

What species is demonstrated in these skull radiographs?

Answer 4

Rabbit

JVD 2011, Issue 2, Schumacher

Question 5

In Schumacher’s 2011 Issue 2 JVD article “Measurement of clinical crown length of incisor and premolar teeth in clinically healthy rabbits,” which of the following is most correct?
A. The longest cheek tooth clinical crown was the mandibular third premolar
B. The periodontal probing depth of rabbit cheek teeth was 1-3mm
C. The cheek teeth had greater probing depths than the incisors
D. 40% of rabbits had clinically visible hooks and points

Answer 5

A.

Question 6

In Buelow’s article on lingual lesions, what were the two most common benign lingual tumors?

JVD 2011, issue 3

Answer 6

Plasma cell tumors and granular cell tumors

OMM and SCC most common malig in dogs; SCC in cats

Question 7

In Krug’s articles on mental nerve block, what tooth area of the MJG had more than 50% desensitization?

JVD 2011, issue 3

Answer 7

I3 - 57%

Distal M1 had 0%

Question 8

These images represent what lesion in a dog?

JVD 2011 Issue 3

Answer 8

Sublingual reactive histiocytosis

Diagnosed via B/I and immunocytochemistry

Question 9

What does #3 represent in this image?

JVD 2011, Issue 3, Comparison of Radiography and CT to Identify Changes in the Skulls of Four Rabbits with Dental Disease

Answer 9

Elongation of the reserve crowns of the maxillary cheek teeth with sclerosis of surrounding bone

Question 10

In Kimberlin’s JVD article “Comparison of Shear Bonding Strength for Two Different Etching Systems in Canine and Human Dentin,” which of the following is most correct?
A. Canine dentin has more intertubular surface area than human dentin
B. Shear bonding strength was significantly greater in canine compared with human teeth regardless of the bond system used
C. Shear bonding strength in human samples was approximately 40% higher than canine
D. Shear bonding strength was greater for the etch and rinse bond system in both species

JVD 2011, Issue 4

Answer 10

C. Shear bonding strength in human samples was approximately 40% higher than canine

A. Human dentin has more intertubular surface area than canine dentin
B. Shear bonding strength was significantly greater in human vs canine teeth
D. Shear bonding strength was greater for the self-etching bond in both species

Question 11

In Clarke’s paper on dental chews, what % reduction in calculus score was reported?

JVD 2011, issue 4

Answer 11

70.2% reduction in mean calculus score (significant)

Question 12

In Johnston’s paper on 2% clindamycin gel, what % reduction in pocket depth was noted in treated pockets?

JVD 2011, issue 4

Answer 12

19%

clinda dogs had dec of 0.7 mm, compared with 0.1 mm in control dogs

Question 13

What injury is considered hallmark for high rise syndrome in cats?

JVD 2012 issue 1

Answer 13

Midline palatal fracture (although not most common injury)
Mand symph separation also suggested, but prev not reported

Question 14

What was the most common injury in cats from high-rise syndrome in Bonner’s 2012 study?

JVD 2012, issue 1

Answer 14

Facial soft tissue injury

Question 15

Which of the following was the most common radiographic appearace of cat TR in the 2012 study on Type II TR?
A) root not visible, complete resorption
B) root or root remnants partially visible (in resorption), no radiographic evidence of inflammation
C) root remnant visible, no radiographic evidence of resorption or inflammation, ankylosis possible
D) root remnants visible with radiographic evidence of inflammation.

JVD 2012, issue 1

Answer 15

B) root or root remnants partially visible (in resorption), no radiographic evidence of inflammation

Question 16

What CBCT reconstruction is shown in this image?

JVD 2012, Issue 1 “ Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Veterinary Dentistry”

Answer 16

Segmental/Half panoramic reconstruction

Question 17

Enamel acid etching increases enamel surface area by how much?

JVD 2012, Issue 1, Enamel Defect Restoration of the Left Mandibular First Molar Tooth

Answer 17

10-20 fold

Question 18

What is the relationshiop between the linear coefficient of thermal expansion (LCTE) of a restorative material and that of enamel?

JVD 2012, Issue 1. Enamel Defect Restoration of the Left Mandibular Firs

Answer 18

the closer the LCTE of a material to that of enamel → less chance for voids or openings at junction when material and tooth change temperature

Question 19

What is the percent of inorganic fillers and particle size of conventional composites?

JVD 2012, Issue 1, Enamel Defect Restoration of the Left Mandibular First Molar Tooth

Answer 19

75-80%, 1-10 micrometers

Question 20

What is the percent of inorganic fillers and particle size of microfill composites?

JVD 2012, Issue 1, Enamel Defect Restoration of the Left Mandibular First Molar Tooth

Answer 20

35-60%, 0.01-0.04 micrometers

Question 21

What is the percent of inorganic fillers and particle size of hybrid composites?

JVD 2012, Issue 1, Enamel Defect Restoration of the Left Mandibular First Molar Tooth

Answer 21

75-80%, 0.4 - 1 micrometer

Question 22

In Bellow’s 2012 JVD study “Efficacy of a Barrier Gel for Reducing the Development of Plaque, Calculus and Gingivitis in Cats,” which of the following was most correct?
A. The treatment period was 72 days
B. The cats were evaluated 4 times under general anesthesia
C. Barrier gel application decreased the development of plaque, gingivits and calculus in treated cats.
D. Barrier gel application decreased the development of plaque in treated cats.

Answer 22

D. Barrier gel application decreased the development of plaque in treated cats.

A. The treatment period was 56 days
B. The cats were evaluated once under general anesthesia (scored pre and post PRO)
C. Barrier gel application only decreased plaque accumulation

Question 23

In Smithson’s 2012 JVD article “Multicentric Oral Plasmacytoma in 3 Dogs,” how many cases had no tumor cells in their definitive surgery specimens?

Answer 23

2 cases

mandibular gingival hypertrophy in Case 1, right rostral segmental maxillectomy, right rostral segmental mandibulectomy both in Case 2

Question 24

In Rice et al’s paper on temperature levels of dental acrylics, which material had the highest max temperature?
a. Chemically cured acrylic resin (Ortho-Jet)
b. Chemically cured provisional composite resin (Maxi-Temp)
c. Dual-cure provisional composite resin (TempSpan)
d. Chemically cured fiber-reinforced provisional composite resin (Build-It)

JVD 2012 issue 2

Answer 24

a. Chemically cured acrylic resin (Ortho-Jet)

Maxi-Temp had lowest temp

Ortho-jet = methacrylate acrylic; maxi-temp and others = dimethacrylate

Question 25

At what level above body temperature will 100% of teeth exhibit pulp necrosis? ## Footnote JVD 2012, issue 2

Answer 25

16 C above body temp ## Footnote 15% healthy pulp will necrose at INTRAPULPAL temp inc to 5.5C above body temp 60% healthy pulp will necrose at INTRAPULPAL temp inc to 11C 100% healthy pulp will necrose at INTRAPULPAL temp inc to 16C

Question 26

In Dennis' 2012 paper about doxirobe gel, what was the maximum # weeks shown to maintain antimicrobial effect after reconsitution? ## Footnote JVD 2012, issue 2

Answer 26

8 weeks

Question 27

What species normally has orange enamel on their incisors? ## Footnote JVD 2012 issue 3

Answer 27

The common degu ## Footnote Degu pups are born without orange enamel. The enamel gradually changes at approximately 6-months postpartum to the normal orange color

Question 28

In Errige's 2012 paper on equine peripheral caries, what class of caries was reportedly most difficult to accurately grade grossly when compared to histo? ## Footnote JVD 2012, issue 3

Answer 28

Class 2 (invading cementum and underlying enamel)

Question 29

True or false: Equine palatal depth is significantly correlated with breed ## Footnote JVD 2012 issue 4

Answer 29

False - not assoc with age, breed or sex

Question 30

What 9 teeth are scored in VOHC standards for gingivitis in plaque/calculus reduction studies? ## Footnote JVD 2012, issue 4

Answer 30

Maxillary 3rd incisor, canine, 3rd premolar, 4th premolar, and 1st molar teeth Mandibular canine, 3rd premolar, 4th premolar, and 1st molar teeth ## Footnote Used for Total Mouth Periodontal Score (TMPS) in Harvey study

Question 31

In Lommer's study on cyclosporine use in refractory stomatitis cats, what improvement rate was noted? a < 25 % b. < 50 % c > 50% d. >80% ## Footnote JVD 2013, issue 1

Answer 31

c . >50% = 77 % improvement in tx vs placebo group

Question 32

What is the MOA of immunosuppresion by cyclosporine? ## Footnote JVD 2013, issue 1

Answer 32

Inhibits T cell activation by blocking transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-2 and IL-4 Inhibits Calcineurin, which is also important for B cell activation and proliferation

Question 33

In Soukup's paper on papillary SCC in dogs, what morphologic finding was present in 100% of cases on histopathology? ## Footnote JVD 2013, issue 1

Answer 33

endophytic growth pattern acanthosis Orderly maturation of stratified squamous epithelium

Question 34

In Ghirelli's study on skull rads vs CT in oral tumors, which bone is undergoing lysis demarcated by the #3? ## Footnote JVD 2013, issue 2

Answer 34

Palatine bone ## Footnote Image shows osteolysis of the left maxillary (1), zygomatic (2), palatine (3), frontal (4), and vomer (5) bones.

Question 35

What percent change is needed to identify bony change on radiography and CT respectively? ## Footnote JVD 2013 issue 2

Answer 35

5% and 1 %

Question 36

In Ghirelli's study on skull rads vs CT in oral tumors, what was the rate of identification of invasion of adjacent anatomy for rads and CT respectively? ## Footnote JVD 2013, issue 2

Answer 36

30% and 90%

Question 37

In Mestrinho's paper on feline TR in Portugese cats, what % of cats showed more than one type of TR? ## Footnote JVD 2013, isse 2

Answer 37

50%

Question 38

What type of bone graft is osteogenic, osteoinductive and osteoconductive? ## Footnote JVD 2012 Issue 3, Use of an Autogenous Cortical Graft in Combination with Guided Tissue Regeneration for Treatment of an Infrabony Defect. Rice.

Answer 38

Autograft

Question 39

What is the difference between osteogensis and osteoinduction? ## Footnote JVD 2012 Issue 3, Use of an Autogenous Cortical Graft in Combination with Guided Tissue Regeneration for Treatment of an Infrabony Defect. Rice.

Answer 39

Osteogenic grafts are capable of incorporating osteoprogenitor cells to induce new bone formation. Osteoinductive grafts can stimulate pluripotent mesenchymal cells to differentiate and begin bone formation.

Question 40

In Lorrain's study "Oronasal Fistula Repair Using Auricular Cartilage," how many ONFs were repaired and what was the success rate? ## Footnote JVD 2012, Issue 3

Answer 40

7 previously repaired maxillary canine ONFs, all cases healed completely (100%) ## Footnote Straight auricular incisions were used vs U-shaped

Question 41

What is the dental formula of the koala? ## Footnote The Development of an Oral Health Charting System for Koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus). JVD 2012, Issue 4, Pettett.

Answer 41

I = 3/1, C = 1/0, P = 1/1, M = 4/4

Question 42

Dentigerous cysts develop from? ## Footnote Bilateral Dentigerous Cysts in a Dog. JVD 2012, Issue 4, Macgee.

Answer 42

reduced enamel epithelium of enamel forming organ of an unerupted or impacted tooth

Question 43

In Kouki's 2013 article "Periodontal Disease as a Potential Factor for Systemic Inflammatory Response in the Dog," which biomarkers were statistically significantly associated with gingival bleeding index? ## Footnote JVD 2013, Issue 1

Answer 43

C-reactive protein, WBC and PMN counts

Question 44

In Rodrigues' 2013 paper "Percutaneous Approach for Sialolith Removal in a Donkey," what was determined to be the inciting cause of the sialolith? ## Footnote JVD 2012, Issue 1.

Answer 44

A cereal grain - foreign body

Question 45

In Quest's 2013 paper "Oral Health Benefits of a Daily Dental Chew in Dogs," what dental chew was evaluated and what were the main findings of the study? ## Footnote JVD 2013, Issue 2

Answer 45

Greenies Gingivitis, halitosis, plaque and calculus scores were significantly lower in treatment group over 28 day period

Question 46

What structure does no represent? ## Footnote JVD 2012, Issue 2, Iatrogenic Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction Following Tooth Extraction in a Cat

Answer 46

Nasolacrimal ostium

Question 47

What is the path/location of the nasolacrimal duct in the cat? ## Footnote JVD 2012, Issue 2. Iatrogenic Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction Following Tooth Extraction in a Cat

Answer 47

Starts at the level of the maxillary third premolar teeth Duct located dorsal or dorsomedial to maxillary canine tooth root separated by thin alveolar bone Drains into lateral wall of nasal vestibule through ostium of nasolacrimal duct located on ventral surface of the basal folds of the nasal mucosa tunic

Question 48

In Stizman's 2013 article "Evaluation of a Hydrophilic Gingival Dental Sealant in Beagle Dogs," statistically significant reductions were observed in the treatment side for which parameters? ## Footnote JVD 2013, Issue 3.

Answer 48

Plaque and calculus ## Footnote No reduction in gingivitis scores

Question 49

What radiographic findings shown here are highly consistent with sinus feed impaction? ## Footnote JVD 2013, Issue 3, Radiographic Appearance of Maxillary Sinus Feed Impaction in a Horse, Montgomery, Carmalt.

Answer 49

Heterogenous mixed soft tissue and gas opacification with a stippled, granulation appearance of right maxillary and conchofrontal sinuses and nasal cavity

Question 50

In Lewis et al study on polyamine inhibitors use for oral SCC in cats, what was the most common side effect of the medication? ## Footnote JVD 2013 issue 3

Answer 50

Ototoxicity

Question 51

In the Kyllar study on gingival thickness in dogs, what size dogs had the thinnest gingiva and bone? ## Footnote JVD 2013 issue 3

Answer 51

Toy breed dogs

Question 52

In the study on oral flora in cats with perio from JVD 2013, what disease signs were associated with flora composed on more than 10% Porphyromonas gulae? ## Footnote JVD 2013, issue 4

Answer 52

Mobility Recession Deeper probing pocket depths Attachment loss ## Footnote Most commonly isolated: Porphyromonas gulae (86%) Porphyromonas circumdentaria (70%) Fusobacterium nucleatum (90%)

Question 53

Which of the following has the best evidence to support its use in guiding crown preparations in dogs? a) CA b) taper c) H/D ratio d) crown margin ## Footnote JVD 2013, issue 4

Answer 53

c) H/D ratio

Question 54

What measurement was concluded to aid in success of veneer crown outcome in dogs in the 2014 paper from JVD? ## Footnote JVD 2014, issue 1

Answer 54

Surface area | trend, not stat sig

Question 55

How much enamel does acid etching remove? ## Footnote JVD 2013, Issue 4."Thermoplastic Inclined Plane Aligner for Correction of Bilateral Mandibular Canine Tooth Distoclusion in a Cat," Blazejewski

Answer 55

0.01mm

Question 56

What is the orthdontic force (gm) required for translation and tipping respectively? ## Footnote JVD 2013, Issue 4."Thermoplastic Inclined Plane Aligner for Correction of Bilateral Mandibular Canine Tooth Distoclusion in a Cat," Blazejewski

Answer 56

Translation: 70-120gm Tipping: 35-60gm

Question 57

In Smith's 2014 article "Dental Wax Decrease Calculus Accumulation in Small Dogs," what is the mechanism of action for dental wax?

Answer 57

Dental wax decreases calculus formation via an antibiofilm effect by inhibiting glucosyl transferases (GTFs) which are bacterial enzyme systems that contribute to biofilm formation active ingredient: anthroquinones

Question 58

In MacGee's 2014 article "Endodontic Therapy of a Mandibular Canine Tooth with Irreversible Pulpitis Secondary to Dentigerous Cyst," what complication was noted at the 9 month follow up visit?

Answer 58

Increased radiodensity apical 1/3rd 304

Question 59

What structure is outlined by the black and white arrows in A and B?

Answer 59

Dilated parotid salivary duct Mestrinho, "Parotid Salivary Duct Stenosis Following Caudal Maxillectomy," JVD 2014, Issue 1.

Question 60

What are the quintessential radiographic signs of an osteoma? ## Footnote JVD 2014 issue 2

Answer 60

Signs of bone proliferation without bone lysis

Question 61

What are the 3 types of osteoma based on location? ## Footnote JVD 2014 issue 2

Answer 61

Peripheral osteoma develops from the periosteum, central originates in the endosteum, and extraskeletal is located in soft tissue, usually muscle

Question 62

When presented with a cat with a mass-lesion vestibular to the mandibular M1 with no boney changes on radiographs, what is a primary differential? ## Footnote JVD 2014, issue 2

Answer 62

Pyogenic granuloma

Question 63

In Duke's 2014 paper, "Ocular Trauma Originating from Within the Oral Cavity: Clinical Relevance and Histologic Findings in 10 Cases (2003-2013)," how many cases had documented scleral perforations and what was the median and mean onset of clinical signs? ## Footnote JVD 2014, Issue 4.

Answer 63

6/10 median 10 days, mean 17 days following dental procedures

Question 64

What structures make up the orbital floor? ## Footnote Duke, "Ocular Trauma Originating from Within the Oral Cavity: Clinical Relevance and Histologic Findings in 10 Cases (2003-2013)," JVD 2014, Issue 4.

Answer 64

Medial pterygoid muscle Zygomatic salivary gland Soft palate

Question 65

Which strategic tooth had the most formaina noted in the the apical delta in Hernandez et al 2014 paper? ## Footnote JVD 2014 issue 3

Answer 65

Mand M1

Question 66

What dental hard tissue acts as a seive plug in the apex of a dog's tooth? ## Footnote JVD 2014, issue 3

Answer 66

Cementum

Question 67

What is the % inorganic material for cementum, dentin and enamel respectively in the horse? ## Footnote JVD 2014 issue 3

Answer 67

65%, 70%, 95-98%

Question 68

What is the HU (radiological density) of horse cementum? ## Footnote JVD 2014, issue 3

Answer 68

1200 - 1500 Hounsfield units

Question 69

What was the most common traumatic dentoalveolar injury in dogs in Soukup's 2015 paper? ## Footnote JVD 2015 issue 1

Answer 69

Enamel- dentin-pulp fracture (~50%)

Question 70

In Harvey et al's 2015 paper on the effectiveness of frequency of tooth brushing, what % reduction in plaque, calculus and gingivitis was noted for daily brushing vs every other day? ## Footnote JVD 2015 issue 1

Answer 70

Daily: 37%, 80%, 62% EOD: 25%, 62%, 14% | gingivitis may dec by 33% per the chart..but 14% stated in discussion

Question 71

What % of dogs that had presented for nasal discharge to UMN incidentally had odontogenic origin in Stepaniuk and Gingerich's 2015 study? ## Footnote JVD 2015, issue 1

Answer 71

55%

Question 72

In Boston's 2014 paper "Efficacy of systemic adjuvant therapies administered to dogs after excision of oral malignant melanomas: 151 cases (2001-2012)," what was survival benefit for systemic adjuvant therapy? ## Footnote JAVMA 2014

Answer 72

No clear survival benefit with systemic adjuvant therapy No difference in survival time for dogs that recieved adjuvant therapy (335 days) or did not (352 days) ## Footnote number of dogs in each treatment group small, results could be due to Type II error

Question 73

In Kogel's 2014 study "Characterisation of tramadol, morphine and tapentadol in an acute pain model in Beagle dogs," what was the effect of tramadol on antinociception?" ## Footnote Vet Anaesth Analg 2014

Answer 73

Tramadol did not induce antinociception at any dose tested only marginal amounts of M1 metabolite detected

Question 74

When was the first case report of an odontogenic keratocyst in a cat reported?

Answer 74

2014 - "Odontogenic Keratocyst in a Cat" ## Footnote LaDouceur, J Comp Pathol 2014

Question 75

In Low's 2014 study "Evaluation of a topical gel containing a novel combination of essential oils and antioxidants for reducing oral malodor in dogs," what were the main results? ## Footnote Am J Vet Res 2014

Answer 75

Teeth cleaned and active or placebo gel applied twice daily by owners for 4 weeks then anesthetized, cleaned and gel groups switched 7/9 owners reported decreased in halitosis with active gel

Question 76

In Soukup et al 2015 blinded-control study comparing CBCT to 64-slice conventional CT, which was superior overal for imaging dental structures? ## Footnote JVD 2015 issue 2

Answer 76

CBCT | except in pulp canal category

Question 77

Which jaw bone is reported to be most affected in cases of renal osteodystrophy? ## Footnote JVD 2015, issue 2 review on oral manifestations Renal Secondary Hyperparathyroidism

Answer 77

Mandible

Question 78

In Fink et al's 2015 paper on success rates of metal crowns in dogs, what was the reported success? ## Footnote JVD 2015 issue 3

Answer 78

85%

Question 79

What is the noted inverse relationship between H/D ratio and fracture resistance noted in Soukup et al's paper in 2015? ## Footnote JVD 2015, issue 3

Answer 79

For every 0.1 unit > in H/D, the force to fx < by 29.9N So the higher the ratio, the less force needed to fx i.e. lower H/D means tooth less likely to fracture

Question 80

In Soukup et al's 2015 paper on fracture resistance, reduction in H/D of one canine caused what % increase in probability of fracture of the contralateral intact canine tooth? ## Footnote JVD 2015, issue 3

Answer 80

54%

Question 81

What immunohistological stains are positive for lingual granular cell tumors and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors? ## Footnote Barrat, "Lingual Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor in a Chinese Pug Dog," JVD 2015 Issue 3

Answer 81

PAS, S-100, vimentin and NSE

Question 82

In Omura's 2015 study "Measurement of Incisor Overjet and Physiological Diastemata Parameters in Quarter Horse Foals," what were the main results? ## Footnote JVD 2015, Issue 3

Answer 82

Overjet common in female Quarter horses of show lineage Methods to measure diastemata lengths and overjet efficient and repeatable Peak uniform growth of rostral maxillary and mandibular components between 4 and 5 months

Question 83

What is the difference between classic vs collision peripheral giant cell granulomas? ## Footnote Hiscox, "Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma in a Dog." JVD 2015 Issue 2.

Answer 83

Collision lesions have POF histo characteristics, classic do not

Question 84

In Capello's 2015 paper "Elodontoma in Two Guinea Pigs," what was the outcome of the two cases? ## Footnote JVD 2015, Issue 2

Answer 84

Case 1: 10 weeks postop the mass was larger than prior to surgery, appetite not improved, euthanasia elected Case 2: Guinea pig would not eat two days after surgery and euthanasia elected

Question 85

In Stepaniuk's 2015 study "Evaluation of an Osseous Allograft Membrane for Guided Tissue Regeneration in the Dog," what was the mean pre GTR periodontal probing depth, the pocket depth gain for all 11 cases, and what percentage of cases had normal periodontal probing at the anesthetized follow up? ## Footnote JVD 2015, Issue 4

Answer 85

Mean pocket depth before GTR 7.2mm Mean pocket depth gain 5.4mm All cases had normal periodontal pocket probing

Question 86

In Somrak's 2015 study "Comparison of Dorsal and Buccal Approaches for Surgical Extraction of the Mandibular Canine Tooth in Cat Specimens Using Radiographic and Computed Tomographic Analysis," what parameters were statistically significant and which were not between the two approaches? ## Footnote JVD 2015, Issue 4

Answer 86

Closure time for the dorsal approach was stat sig lower overall procedure time and bone loss were not stat sig different No complications for either approach

Question 87

What type of tooth luxation injury has the worst prognosis? ## Footnote Edstrom, "Traumatic Intrusion of a Maxillary Canine Tooth: 3 Cases," JVD 2015, Issue 1

Answer 87

Intrusion

Question 88

What are documented etiology/predisposing factors for feline oral SCC? ## Footnote Bilgic, Lewis, "Feline Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Clinical Manifestations and Literature Review," JVD 2015, Issue 1

Answer 88

Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke → 2 fold increased risk Flea collars: 5 times more likely to develop oral SCC Cats that eat canned food → 3.6 times more likely to develop SCC vs cats fed mostly dry food (tuna worst)

Question 89

In Bilgic's 2015 review paper "Feline Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Clinical Manifestations and Literature Review," what recurrence rates following definitive surgery were reported? ## Footnote Bilgic, Lewis, "Feline Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Clinical Manifestations and Literature Review," JVD 2015, Issue 1

Answer 89

8/21 (38%) treated with mandibulectomy developed local tumor recurrence within follow up of study, recurrence in 3 cats despite tumor free histo margins (Northrup 2006) 4/5 cats (80%) treated with mandibular resection developed recurrence 5-12 months post-op despite aggressive surgery (Bradley 1984)

Question 90

In Bilgic's 2015 review paper "Feline Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Clinical Manifestations and Literature Review," improved survival rates were noted with what combination of therapies? ## Footnote Bilgic, Lewis, "Feline Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Clinical Manifestations and Literature Review," JVD 2015, Issue 1

Answer 90

curative-intent surgery done in combo with radiation therapy

Question 91

What is the role of volatile sulfur compounds on the development of periodontitis? ## Footnote MIlella, "The Negative Effects of Volatile Sulphur Compounds," JVD 2015, Issue 2

Answer 91

Increased permeability of oral mucosa → allows LPS and prostaglandins to penetrate → inflam response → exposure of connective tissue to periodontal pathogenic compounds

Question 92

Hydrogen sulfide may contribute to alveolar bone resorption via expression of what? ## Footnote MIlella, "The Negative Effects of Volatile Sulphur Compounds," JVD 2015, Issue 2

Answer 92

RANKL

Question 93

What is a classic vs collision giant cell granuloma? ## Footnote Hiscox, "Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma in a Dog," JVD 2015, Issue 2

Answer 93

Collision → areas of stellate mesenchymal cells in fibrous stroma with regularly spaced blood vessels → suggestive of a POF Classic lacks POF characteristics

Question 94

What is the most common reactive epulides in the dog? ## Footnote Hiscox, "Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma in a Dog," JVD 2015, Issue 2

Answer 94

Focal fibrous gingival hyperplasia

Question 95

The following image is characteristic of which mass in a Guinea Pig?

Answer 95

Elodontoma ## Footnote Capello, "Elodontoma in Two Guinea Pigs," JVD 2015, Issue 2

Question 96

What is the recommded force for tipping movement cited in Lothamer and Soukup's case report on an active force appliance in a cat? ## Footnote JVD 2016, issue 1

Answer 96

Tipping force - 35-60g

Question 97

In Perez de Frietas et al paper on an ex vivo model testing strength of a plate fixation of mandibular bone defects, did the large breed dogs exhibit any plate bending at max force? ## Footnote JVD 2016 issue 1

Answer 97

No Big breeds – high force concentration at the caudal plate and screws 1 and 4 Poodles – high force concentration at the center of the plate and none of the screws

Question 98

In Villamizar-Martinez's CT study on the TMJ of dogs, what is identified as #2? ## Footnote JVD 2016 issue 2

Answer 98

Retroarticular process ## Footnote (1) Mandibular fossa. (2) Retroarticular process. (3) Articular eminence. (4) Nuchal crest.

Question 99

In Villamizar-Martinez's CT study on dog TMJ's, how many morphologic conformations were identified? ## Footnote JVD 2016, issue 2

Answer 99

3 morphologic conformations for the breeds included in the study

Question 100

In Snyder's study on adding buprenorphine to bupivicaine for the infraorbital block in dogs, how did they determine the duration of the bup vs bupbup groups? ## Footnote JVD 2016 issue 2

Answer 100

MAC reduction for a number of days -- longer when bup+bup (not stat sig)

Question 101

In Jackson et al's paper on diastema treatments in horses, which group was stat sig associated with reduction of pocket depth? Feed removal and lavage Feed removal and metronidazole placement Feed removal, metro and PVS packing Feed removal, diastema widening, PVS packing ## Footnote JVD 2016 issue 2

Answer 101

all groups

Question 102

In Wyss's 2016 paper "Measuring Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) Tooth Growth and Eruption by Fluorescence Markers and Bur Marks," growth and eruption was around 2mm/week for all teeth except? A. Maxillary incisors B. Mandibular incisors C. Premolars with a pelleted diet supplemented with sand D. Premolars with a grass hay diet ## Footnote JVD 2016, Issue 1

Answer 102

D. Premolars with a grass hay diet: 1mm/wk

Question 103

In Wallis's 2016 paper "Quantification of Canine Dental Plaque Using Quantative Light-Induced Fluorescence," plaque needs to be disclosed or undisclosed when using QLF to measure efficacy of products in reducing total plaque volume? ## Footnote JVD 2016, Issue 1

Answer 103

Disclosed: not all bacteria in mature biofilms autofluoresce and QLF underestimates amount of total plaque on undisclosed teeth

Question 104

In d'Ovidio's 2016 article "Oral Malignant Melanoma in a Ferret," what stains aided histologic diagnosis? ## Footnote JVD 2016, Issue 2

Answer 104

Vimentin S100

Question 105

In Goldschmidt's study on axial groove use in retention of crowns of canine teeth, how many times fold did the force applied to the crowns increase with axial grooves? ## Footnote JVD 2016, issue 3

Answer 105

6 fold Mean force for no grooves = 156N Mean force for grooves = 901N (SIGNIFICANT)

Question 106

In Goldschmidt's studies on axial grooves in crown prep, where were the grooves placed for the canine tooth v maxP4 respectively? ## Footnote JVD 2016, issue 3

Answer 106

Canine - labial and palatal MaxP4 - mesial and distal

Question 107

In Hole's paper on the dimensions of wolf teeth in horses, which of the following is correct? A. Crown height was correlated to crown width B. Crown height was correlated to total tooth length C. Total tooth length was correlated with root length D.Crown height was correlated with root length ## Footnote JVD 2016, issue 3

Answer 107

C. Total tooth length was correlated with root length

Question 108

In Zimmerman and Soukup's 2015 study on crown convergence angle (CA), what was the natural CA of maxP4 and mandM1? ## Footnote JVD 2015, issue 4

Answer 108

108 = 42.89° & 409 = 36.14°

Question 109

How does chemotherapy sensitize tumors to RT? ## Footnote JVD 2015, issue 4

Answer 109

inhibiting cell repop, killing hypoxic cells, inhibiting sublethally damaged tumor cells --> gives enough time for RT dosing to work

Question 110

In Volker's 2016 article "Management of Mesioverted Maxillary Canine Teeth and Linguoverted Mandibular Canine Teeth," how was the malocclusion of the mandibular canine teeth corrected? ## Footnote JVD 2016, Issue 3

Answer 110

Incline planes were applied to the palatal aspects of 104 and 204 to allow distal movement of 104 and 204 with masel chains

Question 111

Which image is suggestive of complete osseointegration of the allograft, the image with the arrows or without? ## Footnote Synder, Bleedhorn, Soukup. "Successful Treatment of Mandibular Nonunion with Cortical Allograft, Cancellous Autograft, and Locking Titanium Miniplates in a Dog," JVD 2016, Issue 3

Answer 111

Image without. Obtained 5 months following fracture repair ## Footnote Image with arrows 8 weeks post op showing minimal callus formation and active bone healing

Question 112

What are the bone healing properties of cortical allografts? ## Footnote Synder, Bleedhorn, Soukup. "Successful Treatment of Mandibular Nonunion with Cortical Allograft, Cancellous Autograft, and Locking Titanium Miniplates in a Dog," JVD 2016, Issue 3

Answer 112

Osteoinductive Osteoconductive Structural support

Question 113

What are the benefits of Doxirobe as a membrane for GTR? ## Footnote Alterman, Huff. "Guided Tissue Regeneration in Four Teeth Using a Liquid Polymer Membrane: A Case Series." JVD 2016, Issue 3.

Answer 113

Downregulates matrix metalloproteinases Upregulation of collagen production → stimulation of osteoblastic activity, new bone formation

Question 114

In Alterman's 2016 article "Guided Tissue Regeneration in Four Teeth Using a Liquid Polymer Membrane: A Case Series," what was the main outcome for the 4 teeth? ## Footnote Alterman, Huff. "Guided Tissue Regeneration in Four Teeth Using a Liquid Polymer Membrane: A Case Series." JVD 2016, Issue 3.

Answer 114

attachment gain and new bone growth identified in all patients at 6 month anesthetized recheck rads

Question 115

What was the outcome of the horse in this paper? ## Footnote Horbal, Dixon, "Gingival Fibrosarcoma in a Horse: A Case Report," JVD 2016, Issue 4.

Answer 115

Regression of tumor following repeated surgical debulking and intralesional cisplatin over course of 14 weeks

Question 116

In this case, why was a delayed/two step implant protocol used?

Answer 116

There was insufficient bone in this case following extraction of 301 and 401 to consider an immediate protocol

Question 117

In Goldschmidt's 2017 paper on fracture resistence in canine teeth, which was significant? A. The influence of force direction on fracture pattern B. The force to fracture C. The force directed to catastrophic fractures ## Footnote JVD 2017 issue 1

Answer 117

A. The influence of force direction on fracture pattern Generally transverse fx in the direction of the force Trend towards lowest force needed in group B (when force applied labial —> lingual)

Question 118

In the case report on Cryptococcus focal lesion of the maxilla in a dog, which of the following is true: A. Focal bone lesions with this fungal organism is rare B. Amphotericin B is first line of therapy C. It is zoonotic ## Footnote JVD 2017 issue 2

Answer 118

A. Focal bone lesions with this fungal organism is rare ## Footnote Flucanozole first line; not zoonotic, but is reportable

Question 119

In Tjepkema's 2017 case report of CAA and lateral cyst in a 2yo dog, what histologic feature was suggestive of an odontogenic cyst? ## Footnote JVD 2017 issue 3

Answer 119

Supporting the epithelial lining was a loose stroma of small spindle cells and pale staining, wispy matrix that resembled stroma of the embryonic dental follicle

Question 120

In Durand's comparison of monofilament and barbed suture materials in cats, how much suture time was decreased between the two materials? ## Footnote JVD 2017 issue 3

Answer 120

Barbed suture had significantly decreased suture time at 41.37% ## Footnote But barbed was simple continuous and 4-0 monocryl was simple interrupted...

Question 121

In Earley's 2017 paper on hematologic findings in horses with EOTRH, what was the most common abnormality on the CBC? ## Footnote JVD 2017 issue 3

Answer 121

hypoalbuminemia (88%)

Question 122

What tumor type was found in this case and / how much follow up did they have

Answer 122

Odontogenic fibromyxoma 34 month RAD and biopsy follow up: no recurrence after rim excision 49 month no gross recurrence reported by owner ## Footnote Scott, "Odontogenic Fibromyxoma in a Cat: First Confirmed Case in This Species," JVD 2017, Issue 1.

Question 123

In Lothamer's 2017 paper, "Apical Microleakage in Root Canals Obturated with 2 Different Endodontic Sealer Systems in Canine Teeth of Dogs," what was the main result? ## Footnote JVD 2017, Issue 2.

Answer 123

There was no statistical difference in prevalence of microleakage between groups (AH plus and GF2) The magnitude of dye penetration between groups was not significant

Question 124

In Mestrinho's 2017 study "Comparison of Histological and Proliferation Features of Canine Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Based on Intraoral Location: 36 Cases," what was the mean expression of PCNA positive cells and Ki-67? ## Footnote JVD 2017, Issue 2.

Answer 124

PCNA 62.5% Ki-67 51%

Question 125

In the 2017 case report or supernumerary maxillary incisors in a ewe, how were these supernumerary teeth classified? ## Footnote JVD 2017 issue 4

Answer 125

Normotropic - due to the presence of dental alveoli observed in radiographs

Question 126

In Goldschmidt's 2017 paper on CAA outcomes based on reported margins, what percentage of recurrence of disease was noted with narrow margins? ## Footnote JVD 2017 issue 4

Answer 126

No local recurrence was noted on oral examination in any patient regardless of postsurgical histopathological margins, including margins that were incomplete.

Question 127

In Rejec's 2017 paper comparing inflammatory indices between healthy, perio, and oral tumor dogs, which had the highest inflammatory biomarker levels? ## Footnote JVD 2017 issue 4

Answer 127

Both NLR and PLCRi were significantly higher in dogs with OT when compared to HD and dogs with PD and could, therefore, indicate a tumor associated systemic inflammatory response Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) Innate:adaptive ratio – neutrophils in cancer Platelet large cell ratio index (PLCRi) Biomarkers of large platelets which are metabolically and enzymatically more active than small ones

Question 128

In Amery's 2018 article "Unusual Dental Morphology in a Chimpanzee: A Case Report Utilizing Cone-Beam Computed Tomography," what two anomalies were identified? ## Footnote JVD 2018, Issue 2

Answer 128

mineralizations in pulp of rostral mandibular teeth dens invaginatus in mandibular first premolars

Question 129

In Tartara's 2018 paper "Interrelationships Between Morphometric, Densitometric, and Mechanical Properties of Teeth in a 5-Month-Old Polish Merino Sheep," which teeth were associated with the highest number of positive correlations of investigated tooth parameters, and could serve as a possible prognostic indicator for growth potential and final body weight in sheep respectively? ## Footnote JVD 2018, Issue 2.

Answer 129

First mandibular deciduous incisor Mandibular second premolar

Question 130

In Roux's 2017 article "Diagnoses and Treatment of Dental Disorders in a Research Colony of Macaca fascicularis: A Case Series," what percentage of NHPs had at least 1 moderate to severe dental lesion necessitating treatment and what were the 4 most common dental disease diagnosed? ## Footnote JVD 2017, Issue 3

Answer 130

87% Periodontal Disease Caries Tooth fractures Attrition

Question 131

What is the dental formula of the Macaca fascicularis?

Answer 131

32 teeth: 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, 3 molars in all quadrants

Question 132

What 3 reported factors affect the results of regenerative endodontic treatment? ## Footnote Feigin, Shope. Regenerative endodontics, JVD 2017, Issue 3.

Answer 132

Effective disinfection of the root canal and sealing of the coronal access to prevent microleakage of contaminants Diameter of the open apex Patient age ## Footnote Open apex diameter needs to be 0.5mm, >1mm have greater success

Question 133

What concentration of NaOCl can be cytotoxic to periodontal ligament cells and stem cells of the apical papilla? ## Footnote Feigin, Shope. Regenerative endodontics, JVD 2017, Issue 3.

Answer 133

concentrations higher than 3%

Question 134

What is the name and purpose of the object shown in this image? ## Footnote Mele. "Feline Dental Implants: Long-Term Follow-Up of Two Cases." JVD 2017, Issue 4.

Answer 134

Healing abutment Helps develop soft tissue at the punched implant site

Question 135

What is the definition of emergence profile? ## Footnote Mele. "Feline Dental Implants: Long-Term Follow-Up of Two Cases." JVD 2017, Issue 4.

Answer 135

axial contour of the natural tooth or prosthetic crown as it relates to the adjacent soft tissue ## Footnote Good emergence profile important to prevent plaque being trapped at soft tissue/crown interface and protect crestal gingiva from potential recession related to mastication

Question 136

What object is shown in the image? ## Footnote Mele. "Feline Dental Implants: Long-Term Follow-Up of Two Cases." JVD 2017, Issue 4.

Answer 136

Impression abutment

Question 137

What should be the final insertion torque for implant placement? ## Footnote Mele. "Feline Dental Implants: Long-Term Follow-Up of Two Cases." JVD 2017, Issue 4.

Answer 137

45 N cm

Question 138

In Listmann's 2017 article "Occlusal Angles of Equine Incisors," what structure could most accurately estimate incisor angle? ## Footnote Listmann, Staszyk "Occlusal Angles of Equine Incisors," JVD 2017, Issue 4.

Answer 138

The mandibular bars ## Footnote Mandibular incisors showed significantly steeper sagittal angles than maxillary incisors

Question 139

What was the main take away from Marron's 2017 article "Comparison of Micro-Computed Tomography and Digital Intraoral Radiography to Determine the Accuracy of Digital Radiographic Measurements of Mandibular Molar Teeth in Dogs?" ## Footnote Marron, Rawlinson. JVD 2017, Issue 4.

Answer 139

Neither IOR system produced unbiased measurements that closely reflected the microCT measurements consistently

Question 140

What was the etiology of this lesion? ## Footnote Dental Pathology of the Iberian Lynx (Lynx pardinus), Part I: Congenital, Developmental and Traumatic Abnormalities. JVD 2018, Issue 3

Answer 140

Electric burn trauma

Question 141

What was the most common dental pathology identified in the Iberian Lynx? ## Footnote Dental Pathology of the Iberian Lynx (Lynx pardinus), Part I: Congenital, Developmental and Traumatic Abnormalities. JVD 2018, Issue 3

Answer 141

Abrasion/attrition 91% of specimens affected

Question 142

What was the prevalence of periodontal disease and tooth resorption for the Iberian Lynx? ## Footnote Dental Pathology of the Iberian Lynx (Lynx pardinus), Part I: Congenital, Developmental and Traumatic Abnormalities. JVD 2018, Issue 3

Answer 142

periodontal disease 81% of teeth tooth resorption 0.6% of teeth

Question 143

What are gingipains? ## Footnote Massae Oba et al. (Brazil) Effects of Passive Immunization by Anti-Gingipain IgY on the Oral Health of Cats Fed Kibble Diets JVD 2018 issue 4

Answer 143

adhesins favoring the colonization of epithelium, lining the gingival sulcus, a key step in surface colonization and development of the harmful microbiota that results in PD

Question 144

What oral tumor was identified in the maxilla and mandible of this 7 month old cat causing widening of the PDL? ## Footnote Velazquez -Urgel and Reiter 2018 issue 4

Answer 144

POF

Question 145

What endocrinopathy can cause incomplete eruption of dentition in cats? ## Footnote JVD 2018 issue 3

Answer 145

Congenital hypothyroidism ## Footnote Adequate levels of circulating thyroid hormone are necessary in order for teeth to develop properly

Question 146

What sequelae results from conservative management of maxillofacial trauma in juvenile patients? ## Footnote JVD 2018 issue 3

Answer 146

persistent deciduous teeth, linguoverted, malformed, and partially erupted permanent teeth, and asymmetric skeletal malocclusion

Question 147

What % reduction in calculus was noted in dogs with dental chews group when using the Quantitative Light-Induced Fluorescence eval? ## Footnote JVD 2018 issue 3

Answer 147

65% reduction (as compared to 43% in traditional gross quantification using a probe to measure calculus coverage)

Question 148

In Storli's paper on crown extensions to treat linguversion, what % of dogs needed long term extensions? ## Footnote JVD 2018 issue 2

Answer 148

20%

Question 149

Kvapil's paper on dental disease in Suricata Suricatta (meerkats), what teeth more commonly had periodontal disease? ## Footnote JVD 2018 issue 2

Answer 149

mandibular teeth

Question 150

Presence of DNA of what papilloma virus type in the OSCC suggested that this virus might have played a significant role in the emergence of the OSCC? ## Footnote JVD 2018 issue 2

Answer 150

CPV-1 ## Footnote Of 20 known Canine PV’s, these cause oral lesions: 1, 13, 17, 19

Question 151

In Wingo's study on bx results in dogs and cats oral masses, what was the most common lesion type in cats? ## Footnote JVD 2018 issue 1

Answer 151

Inflammatory lesions ## Footnote Lesions of inflammatory origin represented the most common histopathology result in cats (n = 37; 51%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (n = 27; 37%)

Question 152

What is the radiological finding of metaplastic calcification in the sinus of horses typically associated with? ## Footnote Successful Treatment of a Persistent Oroantral Fistula via Transbuccal and Transnasal Endoscopic Debridement in a Horse JVD 2018 issue 1

Answer 152

reported previously as associated with dental fractures and attachment of the calcified mass to the sinus wall

Question 153

In Basuki's 2018 article "Repair of Bilateral Comminuted Mandibular Fractures in a 12-Week-Old-Puppy Using Locking and Nonlocking Maxillofacial Reconstruction Plates," which plates failed? ## Footnote JVD 2018, Issue 4

Answer 153

The dorsal nonlocking plates

Question 154

In Kortegaard's 2018 case report "Marsupialization Followed by Curettage of an Extensive Periapical Cyst in the Incisive and Maxillary Bone in a Dog," how long after initial marsupialization was curettage performed? ## Footnote JVD 2018, Issue 4

Answer 154

8.5 months with significant reduction in cyst size

Question 155

This image demonstrates a favorable or unfavorable fracture configuration? ## Footnote Scherer, Snyder. "Assessment of the Role of Mandibular First Molar Tooth in Mandibular Fracture Patterns of 29 Dogs." JVD 2019, Issue 1.

Answer 155

Unfavorable ## Footnote Caudoventral = unfavorable

Question 156

What fracture pattern occurred significantly more in mesial and distal roots in Scherer's 2019 study "Assessment of the Role of Mandibular First Molar Tooth in Mandibular Fracture Patterns of 29 Dogs?" ## Footnote Scherer, Snyder. "Assessment of the Role of Mandibular First Molar Tooth in Mandibular Fracture Patterns of 29 Dogs." JVD 2019, Issue 1.

Answer 156

A

Question 157

In Scherer's 2019 study "Assessment of the Role of Mandibular First Molar Tooth in Mandibular Fracture Patterns of 29 Dogs," what root was most commonly affected and what were the most common directions of fracture propagation? ## Footnote Scherer, Snyder. "Assessment of the Role of Mandibular First Molar Tooth in Mandibular Fracture Patterns of 29 Dogs." JVD 2019, Issue 1.

Answer 157

Distal root most commonly affected (61.5%) Caudoventral (68%) Caudolingual (60%)

Question 158

In Tanner's 2019 study "A Retrospective Study of the Incidence and Management of Complications Associated with Regional Nerve Blocks in Equine Dental Patients," what was the complication rate and what was the most common complication? ## Footnote Tanner, Hubbell. "A Retrospective Study of the Incidence and Management of Complications Associated with Regional Nerve Blocks in Equine Dental Patients." JVD 2019, Issue 1.

Answer 158

2.96% complication rate Hematoma formation most common complication

Question 159

In Johnson's 2019 study "Ultrasound-Guided Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block in the Horse: Assessment of the Extraoral Approach in Cadavers," what was the success rate for CT and methylene dye staining and what percent of blocks stained the lingual nerve? ## Footnote Johnson et al, "Ultrasound-Guided Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block in the Horse: Assessment of the Extraoral Approach in Cadavers." JVD 2019, Issue 1.

Answer 159

CT 81% success rate methylene blue dye 68.8% success rate lingual nerve stained in 68.8% cases

Question 160

In Mendhelson's paper on clinicopathological features of eosoniphilic oral disease in dogs, which of the following is correct? A. Palatal lesions were sig associated with small breeds B. Tongue lesions were sig associated with large breeds C. Palatal lesions were sig associated with large breeds D. Lip lesions were associated with small breeds ## Footnote JVD 2019 issue 1

Answer 160

A. Palatal lesions were sig associated with small breeds

Question 161

In Kent's 2019 paper on trigeminal nerve dysfunction, what branch of the trigeminal nerve provides parasympathetic input to the salivary glands of dogs? ## Footnote JVD 2019 issue 1

Answer 161

Mandibular branch of TN --> Facial nerve: mand and sublingual --> glossopharyngeal: parotid and zygomatic

Question 162

In Likitpongpipat's paper comparing pulp capping materials (CaOH and Thai propolis/bee glue) in rabbits, how many of cases had a dentinal bridge? ## Footnote JVD 2019 issue 1

Answer 162

15/18 complete bridge in CaOH 12/18 complete bridge in Propolis ## Footnote Dentinal tubules in the dentin bridge were more orderly arranged in the Thai propolis group than in the calcium hydroxide group.

Question 163

In Hodesson's case series describing tx of tooth fractures in elephant seals, how long did they note the apex would likely remain open? A) 2-3 years B) 4-5 years C) < 1 year D) > 5 years ## Footnote JVD 2019 issue 1

Answer 163

D) > 5 years --> 7-12 years

Question 164

In Tanner's paper on first premolars in TB yearlings, which of the following is correct? A) Maxillary first premolars were noted in <50% of TBs by 2 years old B) Maxillary first premolars were noted in > 50% of TBs by 2 years old C) Mandibular first premolars were noted in >505% of TBs by 2 years old D) Significantly fewer females than males have first premolars ## Footnote JVD 2019 issue 2

Answer 164

B) Maxillary first premolars were noted in > 50% of TBs by 2 years old ## Footnote Mandibular rare; fewer MALES than FEMALEs (67% vs 77%, sig)

Question 165

In Hodsson's case report on a suspected Squamous Odontogenic Tumor, what histologic feature was absent setting it apart from a CAA? ## Footnote JVD 2019 issue 2

Answer 165

lacked ameloblastic differentiation ## Footnote Also lacked malignant signs, setting apart from SCC

Question 166

In Odenweller's paper "Validation of Regional Lymph Node Excisional Biopsy for Staging Oral and Maxillofacial Malignant Neoplasms in 97 Dogs and 10 Cats" what % of LNs with metastasis involved the mandibular LNs? ## Footnote JVD 2019 issue 2

Answer 166

75% (11/15 cases) ## Footnote 75% of these were only mandibular (8/11 cases) 18% included mandibulars and retros (2/11 cases) 9% included mandibulars, retros and parotid (1/11 cases)

Question 167

In Wellman and Dixon's 2019 paper on occlusal fissures relation to apical infection in horses, which of the following is correct? A) Standard CT identified all OFs B) >50% of OFs stained > 6mm below the occlusal surface C) <50% of OFs stained > 6mm below the occlusal surface D) None of the staining involved the adjacent pulp horn ## Footnote JVD 2019 issue 3

Answer 167

C) <50% of OFs stained > 6mm below the occlusal surface ## Footnote 13 of the 39 stained teeth had subocclusal fissure fractures visually identified at approximately 6 mm beneath the surface 9 of these 13 teeth the fissure fractures had deeper staining to a level immediately above or into a pulp horn

Question 168

In Basuki's study "Evaluation of Gingivitis in Pregnant Beagle Dogs", what was signficantly associated with the dental scoring? ## Footnote JVD 2019 issue 3

Answer 168

Only age, none of the evaluated pregnancy outcomes had any significant correlations with the severity of dental scores

Question 169

In the 2019 study "Oronasal and Oroantral Fistulas Secondary to Periodontal Disease: A Retrospective Study Comparing the Prevalence Within Dachshunds and a Control Group", what tooth was most commonly associated with an ONF in the dauchshund group? ## Footnote JVD 2019 issue 4

Answer 169

Maxillay canine tooth

Question 170

# ** In the 2019 study "Qualitative and Quantitative Assessment of Alveolar Bone Destruction in Adult Rats Using CBCT", what % change in alveolar bone volume was noted comparing the induced perio group to the control group? ## Footnote JVD 2019 issue 4

Answer 170

78%

Question 171

How does conventional ameloblastoma differ histopathologically from CAA? ## Footnote JVD 2020 issue 1

Answer 171

In general, differentiation of the neoplastic odontogenic epithelium in these tumors is more diverse, giving rise to multiple and variable histological patterns (as opposed to a uniform acanthomatous pattern)

Question 172

In the 2020 paper, "Prevalence, Radiographic, and Demographic Features of Buccal Bone Expansion in Cats: A Cross-Sectional Study at a Referral Institution" which of the following was statistically signficantly associated with BBE? a. HBL b. VBL c. tooth resorption d. extrusion ## Footnote JVD 2020 issue 2

Answer 172

b. VBL

Question 173

What two plaque scoring methods are approved by the VOHC? ## Footnote Mateo, "Evaluation of Efficacy of a Dental Chew to Reduce Gingivitis, Dental Plaque, Calculus and Halitosis in Toy Breed Dogs," JVD 2020, Issue 1.

Answer 173

Modified Logan and Boyce method Gingival contour plaque index

Question 174

In Castejon-Gonzalez's 2018 paper "Treatment Outcome of 22 Dogs with Masticatory Muscle Myositis (1999-2015)," what was the overall success rate of improved vertical mandibular range of motion? ## Footnote Castejon-Gonzalez, Soltero-Rivera, Reiter. "Treatment Outcome of 22 Dogs with Masticatory Muscle Myositis (1999-2015)," JVD 2018, Issue 4

Answer 174

91% ## Footnote Previous MMM paper 57% success rate (Gilmour 1992)

Question 175

In Castejon-Gonzalez's 2018 paper "Treatment Outcome of 22 Dogs with Masticatory Muscle Myositis (1999-2015)," relapse occurred in what percent of cases and what factor was associated with relapse? ## Footnote Castejon-Gonzalez, Soltero-Rivera, Reiter. "Treatment Outcome of 22 Dogs with Masticatory Muscle Myositis (1999-2015)," JVD 2018, Issue 4

Answer 175

relapse occurred in 27% of cases Longterm treatment was significantly associated with relapse

Question 176

In Castejon-Gonzalez's 2018 paper "Treatment Outcome of 22 Dogs with Masticatory Muscle Myositis (1999-2015)," greatest improvement in clinical signs was noted over what time period, and how long do the authors recommend keeping dogs on pred? ## Footnote Castejon-Gonzalez, Soltero-Rivera, Reiter. "Treatment Outcome of 22 Dogs with Masticatory Muscle Myositis (1999-2015)," JVD 2018, Issue 4

Answer 176

Greatest improvement in clinical signs over first 3-4 weeks Keep dogs on pred 1 year

Question 177

In Do's 2019 study "Effects of Weissella cibaria CMU on Halitosis and Calculus, Plaque, and Gingivitis Indices in Beagles," which indices were reduced by treatment with CMU? ## Footnote Do et al, JVD 2019, Issue 2

Answer 177

sig decreases in Fusobacterium nucleatum, Pophyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Tannerella forsythia Plaque, calculus and VSCs (volatile sulfur compounds) decreased in treatment groups vs control ## Footnote No difference in gingivitis between treatment and control

Question 178

In Srecnek's 2019 paper "Microbiological Aspects of Naturally Occurring Primary Endodontic Infections in Dogs," what was the association between number of bacterial spp in an endodontic infection and clinical or radiographic signs of endodontic disease? ## Footnote JVD 2019, Issue 2.

Answer 178

No stat sig associations found between number of bacterial spp involved in root canal infection and any clinical or radiographic signs of endodontic disease

Question 179

In Scherl's 2019 paper "Two Randomized Trials Demonstrate Lactic Acid Supplementation in Pet Food Inhibits Dental Plaque, Calculus, and Tooth Stain in Cats," what is the mechanism of action of lactic acid? ## Footnote JVD 2019, Issue 2

Answer 179

Lactic acid is a good chelating agent → thought to sequester calcium that would otherwise be used to form calculus

Question 180

In Scherl's 2019 paper "Two Randomized Trials Demonstrate Lactic Acid Supplementation in Pet Food Inhibits Dental Plaque, Calculus, and Tooth Stain in Cats," what were the differences in oral substrate accumulation between the 3 month and 1 year studies?

Answer 180

Both showed reduction in plaque, calculus and tooth stain at 3 month and 1 year studies. At 1 year all indices reduced by ~30% compared to controls

Question 181

In Feigin's 2019 study "Use of Platelet-Rich Plasma and Platelet-Rich Fibrin in Dentistry and Oral Surgery: Introduction and Review of the Literature," which platelet product provides superior bone formation and long-term release of growth factors? ## Footnote Feigin, Shope. JVD 2019, Issue 2.

Answer 181

PRF

Question 182

In Wingo's 2018 paper "A Review of Dental Cements," which type of material has an elastic modulus very near that of dentin? ## Footnote JVD 2018, Issue 1.

Answer 182

Resin composites with hybrid filler

Question 183

What are the hardness values for enamel, dentin, cementum and cobalt-chromium partial denture alloy? ## Footnote Wingo. "A Review of Dental Cements." JVD 2018, Issue 1.

Answer 183

Enamel 343 kg/mm^2 Dentin 68 kg/mm^2 Cementum 40 kg/mm^2 Cobalt-chromium partial denture alloy 391 kg/mm^2

Question 184

What type of dental cements have very low solubility? ## Footnote Wingo. "A Review of Dental Cements." JVD 2018, Issue 1.

Answer 184

Resin-based cements

Question 185

What type of dental cement has the lowest film thickness and what is the clinical significance of low film thickness? ## Footnote Wingo. "A Review of Dental Cements." JVD 2018, Issue 1.

Answer 185

Glass ionomers lowest Low film thickness → improves setting of crown and decreases marginal discrepancies → reduces plaque accumulation, PD, cement dissolution and caries (humans)

Question 186

Resin-based cements have how many times higher bond strengths than RMGIs? ## Footnote Wingo. "A Review of Dental Cements." JVD 2018, Issue 1.

Answer 186

6-10 x stronger

Question 187

What is the strongest, least soluble and best bonding dental cement ## Footnote Wingo. "A Review of Dental Cements." JVD 2018, Issue 1.

Answer 187

Resin-based cements

Question 188

Do self-adhesive resin based that self-etch remove the smear layer? ## Footnote Wingo. "A Review of Dental Cements." JVD 2018, Issue 1.

Answer 188

No ## Footnote This is why resin-based cements have higher long-term tensile bond strengths

Question 189

To prophylatically treat deep palatal folds with a CO2 laser, what settings should be used? ## Footnote Ibarra, Legendre. "Anatomy of the Brachycephalic Canine Hard Palate and Treatment of Acquired Palatitis Using CO2 Laser." JVD 2019, Issue 3

Answer 189

cutting setting with super pulse or continuous wave

Question 190

In Birmingham's 2019 study "The Effect of Sedation, Oral Examination, and Odontoplasty on Systemic Inflammation as Measured by Serum Amyloid A in the Adult Performance Horse," what was the main finding? ## Footnote JVD 2019, Issue 3

Answer 190

All SAA levels were normal following sedation, exam and float for all time peroids

Question 191

In Hoyer's 2019 study "Prevalence of Malocclusion of Deciduous Dentition in Dogs: An Evaluation of 297 Puppies," what was the prevalence and was there a stat sig difference between purebred and mixed breed puppies? ## Footnote Hoyer, Rawlinson. JVD 2019, Issue 4.

Answer 191

25.9% of examined puppies had malocclusions Overall no sig differences between purebred and mixed breed dogs

Question 192

What % of UCF teeth had radiographic signs of endodontic disease in the 2020 paper "The Incidence of Radiographic Lesions of Endodontic Origin Associated With Uncomplicated Crown Fractures of the Maxillary Fourth Premolar in Canine Patients" ## Footnote JVD 2020 issue 2

Answer 192

24.3%

Question 193

In Mateo's 2020 study "Evaluation of Efficacy of a Dental Chew to Reduce Gingivitis, Dental Plaque, Calculus and Halitosis in Toy Breed Dogs," what indices were reduced and what breed had higher overall scores? ## Footnote JVD 2020, Issue 1

Answer 193

Gingivits, plaque, calculus and VSCs were all reduced in treatment groups Yorkies had higher overall scores than Chihuahuas

Question 194

In Thorne's 2020 study "Successful Use of MTA Fillapex as a Sealant for Feline Root Canal Therapy of 50 Canines in 37 Cats," what were the outcome success rates for successful RCT, NEF and failure? ## Footnote JVD 2020, Issue 2

Answer 194

Success: 64% NEF: 28% Failure: 8% ## Footnote Success based off of 1 6 month recheck RAD

Question 195

In Thorne's 2020 study "Successful Use of MTA Fillapex as a Sealant for Feline Root Canal Therapy of 50 Canines in 37 Cats," was presence of preop periapical lucency, preop external root resorption, sealant extrusion or type of treatment performed statistically significantly associated with outcome?

Answer 195

Type of treatment: crown reduction + RCT stat sig more likely to fail

Question 196

In Pusterla's 2020 study "Investigation of the Shedding of Selected Respiratory Pathogens in Healthy Horse Presented for Routine Dental Care," true respiratory pathogens and commensal respiratory pathogens were detected in what percent of cases? ## Footnote JVD 2020, Issue 2.

Answer 196

True respiratory pathogens: 22% Commensal pathogens: 89%

Question 197

In Pusterla's 2020 study "Investigation of the Shedding of Selected Respiratory Pathogens in Healthy Horse Presented for Routine Dental Care," what were the differences between the Wisconsin and Davis horse population results? ## Footnote JVD 2020, Issue 2

Answer 197

Wisconsin horses younger, more Warmbloods with more nasal discharge and 3 fold higher detection rate of respiratory pathogens Wisconsin horses sig higher colonization rate of MRSA

Question 198

What joint compartments of the equine TMJ are most accessible for arthroscopic exploration? ## Footnote Standing Arthroscopic Treatment of Temporomandibular Joint Sepsis in a Horse. JVD 2020, Issue 2.

Answer 198

Larger dorsal compartment → caudolateral and rostrolateral synovial pouches

Question 199

In Godzibriewski 2020 paper "Outcome of Surgical Extraction of Linguoverted Deciduous Mandibular Canine Teeth, Performed as an Interceptive Orthodontic Procedure in Puppies, on Permanent Occlusion," what percentage of cases had atraumatic occlusion at time of final review? ## Footnote JVD 2020, Issue 3

Answer 199

49% ## Footnote 51% required further treatment for malocclusion

Question 200

In Godzibriewski 2020 paper "Outcome of Surgical Extraction of Linguoverted Deciduous Mandibular Canine Teeth, Performed as an Interceptive Orthodontic Procedure in Puppies, on Permanent Occlusion," was age at time of deciduous extraction or type of malocclusion associated with final outcome? ## Footnote JVD 2020, Issue 3

Answer 200

Both were not associated with outcome

Question 201

In Kunz's 2020 study "High Prevalence of Orodental Disorders in South Brazilian Cart Horses: Walking a Tightrope Between Animal Welfare and Socioeconomic Inevitability," what was the most common dental disorder and was there a sex predilection for dental disorders? ## Footnote JVD 2020, Issue 3.

Answer 201

Excessively sharp enamel points 97% Males were more likely to have dental disorders than females

Question 202

In Hernandez's 2020 study "Morphology of the Cementoenamel Junction in Permanent Teeth of Dogs: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study," what Choquet's type of CEJ is pictured below? ## Footnote JVD 2020, Issue 3.

Answer 202

Type 3 ## Footnote Most common type present in 91% samples

Question 203

In Hernandez's 2020 study "Morphology of the Cementoenamel Junction in Permanent Teeth of Dogs: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study," what Choquet's type of CEJ is pictured below? ## Footnote JVD 2020, Issue 3.

Answer 203

Type 4 ## Footnote Present in 32% of samples

Question 204

In the paper "Biological Behavior of Canine Acanthomatous Ameloblastoma Assessed With Computed Tomography and Histopathology: A Comparative Study", what was CT significantly better than histo at identifying? ## Footnote JVD 2020 issue 3

Answer 204

Bone expansion Bone Lysis

Question 205

Management of Severe Periodontal Disease and Gingival Enlargement in a Dwarf Mongoose (Helogale parvula), what treatment managed the gingival hyperplasia? ## Footnote JVD 2020 issue 3

Answer 205

Extraction of the teeth - concurrent perio anyway, so extracted and GH was managed

Question 206

In "Development and Evaluation of a Novel Oral Mucoadhesive Ointment Containing Pomegranate Peel Extract as an Adjuvant for Oral Hygiene of Dogs," why are orabases thought to be more effective than topical drugs? ## Footnote JVD 2020, issue 3

Answer 206

Orabases are composed of hydrogel-forming polymers dispersed in a hydrophobic base and, upon contact with saliva, they swell and adhere to the site of application – longer contact time, theoretically more effective than drugs

Question 207

In "Development and Evaluation of a Novel Oral Mucoadhesive Ointment Containing Pomegranate Peel Extract as an Adjuvant for Oral Hygiene of Dogs," what components of pomeganate extract contribute to its antimicrobial properties? ## Footnote JVD 2020 issue 3

Answer 207

Tannins Flavonoids ## Footnote Tannins are principally responsible for the antimicrobial activity of pomegranate extracts through their ability to form complexes with proteins and inactivate enzymes of the target microorganisms Flavonoids are responsible for the antioxidant properties of the pomegranate.

Question 208

In "Early Analgesic Efficacy of Morphine, Butorphanol, Lidocaine, Bupivacaine or Carprofen After Periodontal Treatment in Dogs" which drugs improved pain levels for the patients? ## Footnote JVD 2020 issue 4

Answer 208

Bupivacaine lower pain score than saline, butorphanol, lidocaine Carprofen lower pain score than saline and lidocaine

Question 209

In Dental Pathology of the Domestic Pig (Sus Scrofa Domesticus) what tooth was most commonly affected by PD3 and PD4? ## Footnote JVD 2020 issue 4

Answer 209

Maxillary and mandibular M1s ## Footnote 69% PD3, 43% PD4

Question 210

In "Ozone Therapy in the Prevention of Dental Plaque Formation in Dogs" what type of vehicle was this product that reduced gingivitis and plaque scores? ## Footnote JVD 2021 issue 1

Answer 210

Semisolid mineral oil vehicle - topical admin method

Question 211

In Pegg's study "Cadaveric Evaluation of Load to Failure in Canine Gingiva Apposed With Varied Suture Patterns Using Poliglecaprone 25," which suture method was most liekly to fail? A. Simple continuous B. Simple continuous barbed C. Cruciate pattern D. Simple interrupted ## Footnote JVD 2021 issue 1

Answer 211

B. Simple continuous barbed

Question 212

In Girard's 2020 study "Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Microparticles Mixed with Autologous Blood: Application for the Reconstruction of a Large Mandibular Bone Defect in a Dog," how did the margins of the defect and HU measurements differ at the 1 and 6 month post-op CBCTs? ## Footnote JVD 2020, Issue 4.

Answer 212

The margins were visible at the 1 month CBCT but not the 6 month The HUs of the defect were less than the preop at the 1 month CBCT and comparable to preop bone at the 6 month CBCT

Question 213

In Girard's 2020 study "The Use of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Substitute (BCP) in Mandibular Defects in Dogs: Use of CBCT to Evaluate Bone Healing," there were significant associations between most all parameters assessed and what variable? ## Footnote JVD 2020, Issue 4

Answer 213

Time

Question 214

In Girard's 2020 study "The Use of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Substitute (BCP) in Mandibular Defects in Dogs: Use of CBCT to Evaluate Bone Healing," what is the earliest CBCT follow up time frame that gray-scale values were similar to or greater than normal bone? ## Footnote JVD 2020, Issue 4

Answer 214

2 months

Question 215

In Girard's 2020 study "The Use of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Substitute (BCP) in Mandibular Defects in Dogs: Use of CBCT to Evaluate Bone Healing," how many defects had satisfactory biomaterial homogeniety and biomaterial interface? ## Footnote JVD 2020, Issue 4

Answer 215

satisfactory biomaterial homogeniety 11/14 Satisfactory biomaterial interface 12/14

Question 216

In Thatcher's 2020 paper "Diagnosis and Management of An Oronasal Fistula Secondary to Nasal Transmissible Venereal Tumor in a Dog," how was the tumor diagnosed and treated? ## Footnote JVD 2020, Issue 4

Answer 216

Diagnosed via CT, incisional biopsy, histo and IHC to rule out other round cell neoplasms Treated with vincristine and a transposition U-shaped palatal flap ## Footnote No recurrence at 12 month follow up CT

Question 217

In Thomson's 2021 paper "Gape Angle in Asymptomatic Dogs with Normal Occlusion," what was the mean gape angle and did it differ between conscious and anesthetized patients? ## Footnote Thomson, Synder. JVD 2021, Issue 1.

Answer 217

44% did not differ ## Footnote also did not differ between dental and non-dental patients

Question 218

What was the most common dental pathology noted on oral exams of spider monkey's in Zagar's 2021 study? ## Footnote JVD 2021, issue 2

Answer 218

Abrasion/attrition ## Footnote NOT seen in any of the Marmosets also in this study

Question 219

What component of a dental implant affects resistance to external forces? A) length B) diameter C) volume D) metal choice ## Footnote JVD 2021 issue 2: Correlation of Fracture Resistance of Dental Implants and Bite Force in Dogs described in the literature: An In Vitro Study

Answer 219

B) diameter

Question 220

In the case report of VPT in a young elephant's tusk, what pulp capping material was chose? ## Footnote JVD 2021, issue 3

Answer 220

zinc phosphate cement

Question 221

In Turner's 2021 study on perio in horses related to tooth elongations, what tooth pairs were signficantly associated with PD1? a. 106/107, 206/207 b. 106/107, 410/411 c. 310/311, 410/411 d. 206/207, 310/311 ## Footnote JVD 2021, issue 3

Answer 221

a. 106/107, 206/207

Question 222

In the case report on a OSCC of a llama, what distant metastasis locations were noted on necropsy? ## Footnote JVD 2021 issue 4

Answer 222

mandibular LNs prescapular LNs lungs

Question 223

What teeth are most likely to be associated with a tooth root abscess in camelids? ## Footnote JVD 2021, issue 4

Answer 223

mandibular cheek teeth

Question 224

In the 2021 paper on simple extraction of maxillary M1s in dogs (Bassett and Niemiec), wahat % of cases had healed at time of recheck? ## Footnote JVD 2021, issue 4

Answer 224

92%

Question 225

In Villamizar-Martinez's 2021 study on skulls rads assessing the TMJ, what angle was best for the nose-up technique of the LaV-LaDO view? A) 15 degrees B) 30 degrees C) 20 degrees D) 25 degrees ## Footnote JVD 2021 issue 4

Answer 225

C) 20 degrees Both 10 and 20 had the best outcome

Question 226

The image below shows what pathologic structure?

Answer 226

Temporal teratoma/dentigerous cyst with thinning of the temporal bone ## Footnote Platt. "Heterotopic Polyodontia: Diagnosis and Surgical Removal of a Dentigerous Cyst Comprising 2 Dental Structures in a 14-Year-Old Horse." JVD 2021, Issue 3

Question 227

What was the main take away of Tucker's review "A Systematic Review Comparing Mineral Trioxide Aggregate to Other Commercially Available Direct Pulp Capping Agents in Dogs?" ## Footnote JVD 2021, Issue 1

Answer 227

MTA performed as well or better than other commercially available products in terms of the calcific barrier formation as well as biocompatibility

Question 228

In Villamizar-Martinez's 2021 study, "Radiographic Assessment of the Feline Temporomandibular Joint with Oblique Projections: A Preliminary Ex Vivo Study," what view and what angles provided the greatest visibility of TMJ anatomy? ## Footnote JVD 2021, Issue 4

Answer 228

LaV-LaDO views obtained from 10° to 20°

Question 229

What radiographic view of the feline TMJ is this?

Answer 229

La10°R-laCdO/nose up lateral oblique view

Question 230

In Bissett's 2021 study "A Retrospective Evaluation of Secondary Wound Healing for Extraction of the Maxillary First Molar in Dogs," what percentage of cases had follow up and what percentage of cases had successful outcomes? ## Footnote Neimeic, JVD 2021, Issue 4

Answer 230

60% of cases had follow up 99% successful outcomes

Question 231

According to Zacher's 2021 review "Decision-Making and Management of Immature Permanent Teeth with Crown Fractures in Small Animals - A Review," indirect pulp capping includes placement of what agent(s) as a base layer? ## Footnote Manfra Marreta JVD 2021, Issue 2

Answer 231

Hard setting calcium hydroxide MTA newer generation bioceramic materials ## Footnote Followed by glass ionomer or resin-modified glass ionomer then composite

Question 232

According to Zacher's 2021 review "Decision-Making and Management of Immature Permanent Teeth with Crown Fractures in Small Animals - A Review," how many millimeters of calcium hydroxide or MTA should be applied to the pulp during VPT? ## Footnote JVD 2021, Issue 2

Answer 232

2-3mm

Question 233

According to Zacher's 2021 review "Decision-Making and Management of Immature Permanent Teeth with Crown Fractures in Small Animals - A Review," for apexification the working length should be how many millimiters short of the apex and how many millimeters of the apex should be filled with MTA? ## Footnote JvD 2021, Issue 2

Answer 233

1-2mm short of the apex fill the apical most 4-5mm

Question 234

Triple antibiotic paste (TAP) used for regenerative endodontics is composed of what antibiotics? ## Footnote Zacher. "Decision-Making and Management of Immature Permanent Teeth with Crown Fractures in Small Animals - A Review," JVD 2021, Issue 2

Answer 234

1:1:1 ratio of ciprofloxacin metronidazole minocycline

Question 235

In Gawor's 2021 study "Comparison of a Vegetable-Based Dental Chew to 2 Other Chews for Oral Health Prevention," Vegetable based dental chews performed better than controls for what oral health index? ## Footnote JVD 2021, Issue 3

Answer 235

Gingival bleeding

Question 236

In Mulherin's 2021 case report Unerupted "Supernumerary Mandibular Fourth Premolar in a Dog," what imaging modalities were used to identify the location of the supernumerary tooth? ## Footnote JVD 2021, Issue 3

Answer 236

Dental radiographs with the aid of pieces of gutta percha cone Conventional CT without contrast

Question 237

In Mulherin's 2021 case report Unerupted "Supernumerary Mandibular Fourth Premolar in a Dog," what was the suspected etiology of the supernumerary tooth? ## Footnote JVD 2021, Issue 3

Answer 237

Reversion to ancestral condition ## Footnote ruled out other potential etiologies: Mechanical splitting of tooth germ, Retention of a deciduous tooth, Genetic mutation causing formation of an additional tooth

Question 238

What was the failure rate in Ribka's 2022 paper "Success of Feather Margin Preparation for Full Metal Prosthodontic Crowns in the Canine Teeth in 84 Pet and Working Dogs (2005-2017)?"

Answer 238

2.5% (4/160 crowns) ## Footnote 2 lost to tooth fracture apical to metal crown 1 lost to bond failure 1 wore through

Question 239

In Herren's 2022 paper "Semi-Automatic Segmentation of Cone Beam Computed Tomography Datasets for Volume Measurements of Equine Cheek Teeth," what was the relationship between CBCT segmentation and the water displacement method gold standard? ## Footnote JVD 2022, Issue 1

Answer 239

There was a strong correlation between both methods with segmentation underestimating CT volume by 6% ## Footnote Maxillary CT volumes were 40% greater than mandibular

Question 240

What is the dental formula of cattle? ## Footnote Standing Intraoral Extraction of the Right Mandibular Third Molar Tooth in a Cow Utilizing Tooth Sectioning

Answer 240

I 0/3, C0/1, P 3/3, M 3/3

Question 241

In Castejon-Gonzalez's 2022 paper "Etiology, Clinical Presentation, and Outcome of Mandibular Fractures in Immature Dogs Treated with non-Invasive or Minimally Invasive Techniques," what factors were stat sig associated with outcome? ## Footnote JVD 2022, Issue 1

Answer 241

Increments of one day in age decreased the time needed to reach clinical healing by 0.8 days Time needed to reach clinical healing increased by 0.4 days for each day muzzle was in place

Question 242

Poliglecaprone maintains what percent of its tensile strength for 7 days and when is it completely degraded by? ## Footnote Pegg "Clinical Evaluation of Intraoral Suture Patterns Using Poliglecaprone 25 in Greyhound Dogs," JVD 2022

Answer 242

maintains 50-60% of tensile strength through 7 days Completely degraded by hydrolysis after 91-119 days

Question 243

In Pegg's 2022 article "Clinical Evaluation of Intraoral Suture Patterns Using Poliglecaprone 25 in Greyhound Dogs," what differences exisited between SI and SC for dehiscence and tissue inflammation, and what teeth experienced sig more dehiscence than any other? ## Footnote JVD 2022, Issue 2

Answer 243

No significant difference between dehiscence scores based on suture pattern Stat sig increase in inflammation per suture for SI pattern between rechecks 1 and 2 SC faster to apply When patterns compared at a site → trend observed for SI to have higher dehiscence scores Mandibular canine teeth sig more likely to dehisce ## Footnote 6 of the 7 sites with major dehiscence occurred with the SI pattern

Question 244

In Scerl's 2022 article "A Semi-Automated Method for Measuring Biofilm Accumulation on the Teeth Using Quantitative Light-Induced Fluorescence in Dogs and Cats," what was the main difference in methodology between this and other QLF studies in animals? ## Footnote JVD 2022, Issue 2

Answer 244

A specifically intra-oral camera was used that facilitates compliant pictures on conscious animals ## Footnote There was agreement between the QLF and Logan and Boyce methods

Question 245

The yellow arrow shows what material and is characteristic of what type of mass?

Answer 245

intraluminal keratin from a pore Keratinized odontogenic cyst ## Footnote Johnson, Bell. Characterization and Classification of Keratinized Odontogenic Cysts in 29 Dogs. JVD 2022, Issue 2

Question 246

In Johnson's 2022 article, "Characterization and Classification of Keratinized Odontogenic Cysts in 29 Dogs," what was the most common location and what tooth was most frequently involved? ## Footnote JVD 2022, Issue 2

Answer 246

Most common region rostral maxilla with 38% of cysts 59% involved a canine tooth ## Footnote No breed or sex predilections identified

Question 247

In Babbit's 2022 study "Cystic Odontogenic Tumor with Features of a Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst in 3 Cats and a Dog," what histologic features separate these lesions from other odontogenic tumors? ## Footnote JVD 2022, Issue 2

Answer 247

odontogenic epithelial cyst lining that has ghost cells and intraepithelial calcifications with little to no amyloid-like material

Question 248

In Calisir's 2019 study "Humic Acid, a Polyphenolic Substance, Decreases Alveolar Bone Loss in Experimental Periodontitis in Rats," significantly lower bone loss was present in what treatment groups and what cytokine was sig lower in the treatment groups? ## Footnote JVD 2019, Issue 4

Answer 248

HA 20mg/kg/d and HA 150mg/kg/d IL-1Beta

Question 249

What condition are these images consistent with?

Answer 249

Dentin dysplasia

Question 250

What causes of intrinsically stained teeth are generally associated with vital teeth? ## Footnote Hutt. Generalized Dentin Dysplasia in a Four-Year-Old Dog. JVD 2021

Answer 250

Enamel Hypoplasia Amelogenesis imperfecta Dentinogenesis imperfecta Dentin dysplasia Tetracycline exposure during development Dental fluorosis Erythropoietic hyperbilirubinemia

Question 251

In Kopp's 2022 article "A Standard Method for Intraoral Dental Radiography With Dental Photo-Stimulative Phosphor (PSP) Plates in Big Cats," what specific device was used to obtain the images and what radiographic technique/method was adapted for use in big cats? ## Footnote JVD 2022

Answer 251

Equine intraoral plate Stoll's Hemisphere Model

Question 252

What 3 factors does tissue engineering periodontal structures rely on? ## Footnote JVD 2022, issue 1, Review on Perio Tissue Regeneration

Answer 252

Relies on 3 factors: appropriate cells (stem cells or progenitor cells), ECM (conductive scaffold), and signaling molecules (genes, growth factors)

Question 253

Which of the followting types of scaffolds guide regeneration by carrying one or more factors that are biologically active in the recruitment of vascular tissues and cells from around the tissue defect? A. Gene-based scaffold B. Cell-based scaffold C. Conductive scaffold D. Inductive scaffold ## Footnote JVD 2022, issue 1, Review on Perio Tissue Regeneration

Answer 253

D. Inductive scaffold ## Footnote Conductive scaffolds are biocompatible and guide regeneration by allowing passive growth and attachment of vascular and cellular elements that are already present in the tissue defect Inductive scaffolds are biocompatible and guide regeneration by carrying one or more factors that are biologically active in the recruitment of vascular tissues and cells from around the tissue defect Cell-based scaffolds are biocompatible and contain progenitor or differentiated cells. Gene-based scaffolds are biocompatible and hold single or multiple genes that can cause non-progenitor cells in the defect to transform into progenitor and mature tissue cells RNA-based scaffolds are based on RNA interference, which is a novel mechanism of action where certain gene expression is silenced

Question 254

In studies using stem cells (DPSCs) and allograft compared to allograft alone, what components of the periodontium had more regeneration? ## Footnote JVD 2022, issue 1, Review on Perio Tissue Regeneration

Answer 254

Alveolar bone and cementum

Question 255

What tissue does rhBMP-2 induce of the periodontium? ## Footnote JVD 2022, issue 1, Review on Perio Tissue Regeneration

Answer 255

Bone ## Footnote Induces osteblast differentiation. Does not induce cementum. Ankylosis possible

Question 256

In the 2022 study on intrinsically stained teeth, what % of stained teeth were non-vital? ## Footnote JVD 2022, issue 1

Answer 256

87.6%

Question 257

Define extrinsic and intrinsic tooth staining ## Footnote JVD 2022 issue 1

Answer 257

Extrinsic discoloration is outside the tooth substance and lies on the tooth surface or in the acquired pellicle. Intrinsic discoloration occurs following a change to the structure, composition, or thickness of the dental hard tissues

Question 258

What are causes on intrinsic tooth staining? ## Footnote JVD 2022 issue 1

Answer 258

amelogenesis imperfecta, dentinogenesis imperfecta, tetracycline ingestion during tooth development, dental fluorosis, tooth resorption, hyperbilirubinemia, pulp necrosis, injury, and aging

Question 259

In the 2022 study comparing TrisEDTA and 0.12% Chlorohex on plaque bacteria, which bacteria was significantly reduced with 0.12% Chlorohex alone? ## Footnote JVD 2022 issue 1

Answer 259

Actinomyces canis and Neisseria canis Early colonizers

Question 260

What is the MOA of 0.12% Chlorohex and TrisEDTA for fighting bacteria? ## Footnote JVD 2022 issue 1

Answer 260

Chlorhexidine is a cationic bisbiguanide that binds to the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, causing membrane damage to Gram-positive, Gram-negative, facultative aerobic, and anaerobic bacteria65 with efficacy dependent on contact time and concentration EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, a chelating agent, has historically been used to potentiate the effects of antimicrobials and may be especially important in dispersing biofilms

Question 261

In the 2022 paper comparing solutions against plaque bacteria, which bacteria was TrisEDTA combined with 0.12% Chlorohex most effective against? ## Footnote JVD 2022 issue 1

Answer 261

Synergism suggested between solutions for P. gulae

Question 262

In regards to human lit on success rate of auricular cartilage repair of recurrent ONFs assoc with previous cleft palate surgeries, what success rate is reported? A. < 25% B. < 50% C. >75% ## Footnote Surgical Repair of Acquired Oronasal Fistulas Secondary to Periodontal Disease in Dogs Using a Flexible Bone Membrane: A Case Series JVD 2022 issue 1

Answer 262

C. > 75% (91%)

Question 263

In the 2022 paper "Dental Abnormalities in Immature Dogs with a History of Mandibular Fractures", which of the following is true? A. > 50% of deciduous teeth in or near the mandibular fracture exfoliated uneventfully B. < 50% showed developmental abnormalities or were non-vital at follow up C. < 50% of the teeth affected by abnormalities were located in or near the mandibular fracture D. > 50% of tooth germs affected lead to impacted (unerupted) teeth ## Footnote JVD 2022 issue 2

Answer 263

A. > 50% of deciduous teeth in or near the mandibular fracture exfoliated uneventfully --> 64% ## Footnote 73.5% showed developmental abnormalities or were non-vital 85.0% of the teeth affected by abnormalities were located in or near the mandibular fracture 70.1% erupted

Question 264

What components of furcation anatomy can impede proper diagnosis and treatment of furcation lesions? ## Footnote JVD 2022 issue 2, review on managment of furcation lesions in dogs

Answer 264

Narrow furcation entrance and narrow divergence areas can impede the diagnosis and treatment of furcation lesions, whereas wider areas can facilitate treatment

Question 265

What estimate mean distance of horizontal bone loss is needed to exposure the furcation of a MandM1 and MaxP4 ina dog? ## Footnote JVD 2022 issue 2, review on managment of furcation lesions in dogs

Answer 265

An estimated mean HBL approximately 2 to 3 mm would lead to furcation exposure in mandM1 An estimated mean HBLof approximately 5 mm would lead to furcation exposure in MaxP4 ## Footnote However, in humans, 6 mm of horizontal attachment loss would be needed to cause furcation exposure of the mandibular or maxillary first molars

Question 266

True or false: dog teeth often have accessory canals leading to the furcation ## Footnote JVD 2022 issue 2, review on managment of furcation lesions in dogs

Answer 266

False Two studies in dogs failed to find canals to the furcations in 261 teeth examined, although other accessory canals were identified → less likely a problem in our patients

Question 267

What % of bone loss is needed to idenify a lesion at a furcation? ## Footnote JVD 2022 issue 2, review on managment of furcation lesions in dogs

Answer 267

It has been reported that approximately 30 to 40% of bone must be lost at the furcation to be detected on radiographs.

Question 268

What property of ultrasonic scaling destroys bacteria? ## Footnote JVD 2022 issue 2, review on managment of furcation lesions in dogs

Answer 268

Cavitation

Question 269

Which of the following populations of Black Fronted Duiker (Cephalophus niger) had more dental disease in the 2022 study on free range populations? A. Female, dry season B. Male, wet season C. Female, wet season D. Male, dry season ## Footnote Occurrence and Progression of Dental Abnormalities in the Black Fronted Duiker (Cephalophus niger) Due to Deficient Diet and Extreme Weather Phenomena JVD 2022 issue 2

Answer 269

A. Female, dry season The majority of dental pathologies among the free-range animals occurred between the second and third year of observation with a higher frequency in the dry periods ## Footnote Sex dimorphism in pathology: Generalized gross attrition, especially around the lower first and second molars occurred with higher frequency during the drier periods; showing more gender dimorphism (100% in females) and attrition was more prevalent with observable bone resorption between the lower right quadrant second and third molars (21%) in a similar time period since females are relatively more reluctant to increase home range area compared to males.

Question 270

In the 2022 study "Reliability of Electric Pulp Test, Cold Pulp Test or Tooth Transillumination to Assess Pulpal Health in Permanent Dog Teeth", which test has the highest success rate at identifying non-vital teeth? ## Footnote JVD 2022 issue 2

Answer 270

Electric pulp test

Question 271

What nerve fibers does the electric pulp test rely on? What fibers does the thermal pulp test rely on? ## Footnote JVD 2022 issue 2

Answer 271

EPT -- A -delta fibers. Relies on an ionic shift in the dentinal fluid within the dentinal tubules. By applying an electric current to the tooth surface, the ionic movement in the dentinal fluid causes a local depolarization and impulse propagation through the A-delta fibers creating the sudden, sharp pain sensation Thermal -- A-delta and C fibers. Thermal pulp testing relies on rapid temperature change of the tooth causes a sudden fluid flow within the tubules which stimulates the A-delta fiber nociceptors in the dentin-pulp complex. A gradual change in the tooth temperature, however, would rather excite C fibers and elicit a delayed, dull and diffused aching.

Question 272

Define the acquired enamel pellicle ## Footnote JVD 2022 issue 3

Answer 272

The acquired enamel pellicle (AEP) is a thin acellular film of proteins or glycoproteins selectively adsorbed to the surface of the teeth after exposure to saliva Utilized by microbes in the oral cavity to colonize the tooth surface through protein-protein interactions and carbohydrate binding Acts as a semi-permeable barrier regulating demineralization-mineralization processes at the tooth surface It can prevent abrasion by working as a lubricative film

Question 273

In the 2022 case report on "Combined Gap and Interpositional Arthroplasty Utilizing Three-Dimensional Printed Model in a Dog with Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis and Pseudoankylosis", what flap pictured here was utlizied in the closure of the site? ## Footnote JVD 2022 issue 3

Answer 273

temporalis myofascial flap was to function as an autologous interpositional material in an effort to prevent continued osseous healing and further pseudoankylosis

Question 274

What infectious disease can manifest on radiographs with mottled appearance of mandible with loss of trabecular bone and punctate lucencies, as shown in these rads of a 5 year old dog? ## Footnote JVD 2022 issue 3

Answer 274

Mandibular blastomycosis

Question 275

In the 2022 article "Radiographic Outcome of the Endodontic Treatment of 55 Fractured Canine Teeth in 43 Dogs (2013-2018)", what was concluded about voids in obturation? ## Footnote JVD 2022 issue 3

Answer 275

Small void 12/55 (21.82%) and large void was found in 4/55 (7.27%) teeth – presence not assoc with failure

Question 276

In the 2022 article "Radiographic Outcome of the Endodontic Treatment of 55 Fractured Canine Teeth in 43 Dogs (2013-2018)", what radiographic endodontic finding was more likely to resolve with palcement of a crown? ## Footnote JVD 2022 issue 3

Answer 276

The outcome for teeth with crowns compared to teeth without crowns was not different overall, however, the subset of teeth with a PAL that had a crown placed were more likely to recover from the PAL and be diagnosed as successful upon follow-up (71.42% successful) than teeth with a PAL and no crown (33% successful)

Question 277

In the 2022 case report on displacement of an alveolar plug after extraction of 210, what sinus was the plug located in this 4 yo TB mare? ## Footnote JVD 2022 issue 3

Answer 277

Rostral maxillary sinus <-- odd for a 210!

Question 278

The following image is from a 15 month old MC Doberman. What developmental disorder do you suspect? A. Distemper virus induced enamel hypoplasia B. Dentinogenesis imperfecta C. Osteogenesis imperfecta D. Dentin dysplasia ## Footnote JVD 2022 issue 4

Answer 278

B. Dentinogenesis imperfecta Primary and secondary dentin affected

Question 279

In the case series "Clinical, Diagnostic and Histological Findings Involving Cheek Teeth Hypercementosis in Nine Horses", which type of hypercementosis was noted in all 9 cases? A. Nodular HC B. Peripheral HC C. Neoplastic HC ## Footnote JVD 2022 issue 4

Answer 279

B. Peripheral HC

Question 280

In the RANK/RANKL pathway, what ligand inhibits osteoclast differentiation and prevent excessive bone reabsorption? ## Footnote JVD 2022, issue 4, Genomic Medicine in Periodontal Disease: Old Issue, New Insights

Answer 280

OPG (osteoprotegerin)

Question 281

In the 2022 paper "Success of Occlusal Aperture Access for Endodontic Therapy of Canine Teeth in Dogs", which of the following is true? A. < 50% required restoration adjustments due to no crown B. > 50% required restoration adjustments due to no crown C. Success rate was < 75% and attributed to no crown D. The decreased height of the tooth increased risk of fracture ## Footnote JVD 2022 issue 4

Answer 281

A. < 50% required restoration adjustments due to no crown (24/29 teeth needed no adjustment, 100% cases needed no further endo tx)

Question 282

In the 2023 study "A Retrospective Observational Cohort Study on the Expiration of Maxillary Cheek Teeth Infundibula in 217 Horses" what is the time difference in the disappearance of the mesial and distal infundibula in maxillary cheek teeth and which dissapears first? ## Footnote JVD 2023 issue 1

Answer 282

Mesial vs distal IF disappearance ~4.5 years apart Mesial dissapears first

Question 283

In the 2023 paper "Clinical, Radiographic and Histologic Evaluation of 40 Cystic Oral Lesions in 37 Cats", which of the following findings occured in the odontogenic tumors only and not the odontogenic cysts? A. Tooth resorption B. Swelling C. Bone destruction D. Displacment of teeth ## Footnote JVD 2023 issue 1

Answer 283

D. Displacment of teeth

Question 284

Which growth factors in PRP have demonstrated success in inducing odontoblast differentiation and reparative dentin formation in cultured pulp cells and experimental animals? ## Footnote JVD 2023 Issue 1, Submucosal Injection of Activated Platelet-Rich Plasma for Treatment of Periodontal Disease in Dogs

Answer 284

TGF-β and PDGF

Question 285

What is the most common site of skull fracture in the horse? ## Footnote JVD 2023 issue 1, Treatment of a Mandibular Diastemal Fracture Using Locking Compression Plate and Cerclage Wire in a Mare

Answer 285

Diastema (interdental space...) between incisors and cheek teeth

Question 286

In the 2023 study "A Retrospective Study of Ectopic Eruption in 35 Dogs", what were the most common teeth with ectopic eruption in the maxilla? ## Footnote JVD 2023 issue 2

Answer 286

Incisors

Question 287

In the 2023 paper "Medical Management of Canine Chronic Ulcerative Stomatitis Using Cyclosporine and Metronidazole", where were the most common ulcerative lesions noted in the dogs? ## Footnote JVD 2023 issue 2

Answer 287

tongue margins and glossopalatine arches in 70% of dogs

Question 288

When associated with osteogenesis imperfecta, dentinogenesis imperfecta is caused by mutations in what genes? ## Footnote Wilson. A review of dentinogenesis imperfecta and primary dentin disorders in dogs. JVD 2022

Answer 288

Genes that code for Type 1 collagen ## Footnote DGI-1 associated with osteogenesis imperfecta

Question 289

Non-syndromic forms of dentinogenesis imperfecta are most often caused by mutations of what gene? ## Footnote Wilson. A review of dentinogenesis imperfecta and primary dentin disorders in dogs. JVD 2022

Answer 289

dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) gene ## Footnote encodes

Question 290

What breeds are reported to have higher prevalence of CCUS? ## Footnote JVD 2023 issue 2

Answer 290

The Maltese Terrier, Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, Labrador Retriever, Greyhound, and terrier breeds are reported to have a higher prevalence of CCUS

Question 291

What is the MOA of cyclosporine? ## Footnote JVD 2023 issue 2

Answer 291

Binds to intracellular cyclophilin A, forming a cyclosporine-cyclophilin complex that subsequently inhibits calcineurin, an enzyme critical to the synthesis of cytokines such as IL-2, IL-4, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha, and interferon (INF) gamma by T-cells

Question 292

In the 2023 paper "Morphometry and Morphology of the Articular Surfaces of the Medial Region of the Temporomandibular Joint in the Felis Catus (Domestic cat) - A Cone Beam Computed Tomography Study", how many TMJ conjigurations were noted? How many were noted previously in a similat study in dogs? ## Footnote JVD 2023 issue 2

Answer 292

1 configuration in cats: measurements demonstrated a concave mandibular fossa with a prominent retroarticular process and a poorly developed articular eminence 3 configurations in dogs

Question 293

In the 2023 survey study "Owner Survey of 55 Dogs That Underwent Full Mouth Extraction Procedures in a Referral Practice", how many dogs that had FME ate the same diet after healed? ## Footnote JVD 2023 issue 2

Answer 293

52%

Question 294

What radiographic view allows imaging of a 109 or 209 as shown? ## Footnote JVD 2023 issue 3

Answer 294

Transorbital view

Question 295

A 5 month old MI DSH presents to you with incomplete dentition or delayed dental eruption and skeletal abnormalities like dwarfism, what systemic condition should you consider testing for? ## Footnote JVD 2023 issue 3

Answer 295

Congenital hypothyroidism

Question 296

What are the 4 types of dens invaginatus? ## Footnote JVD 2023 issue 3

Answer 296

Type I: the invagination is confined to within the crown of the tooth and does not extend beyond the level of the amelo-cemental junction. Type II: the invagination extends into the pulp chamber but remains within the root canal with no communication with the periodontal ligament. Type IIIA: the invagination extends through the root and communicates laterally with the periodontal ligament space through a pseudo-foramen. Type IIIB: the invagination extends through the root and communicates with the periodontal ligament at the apical foramen (human definitions)

Question 297

In the 2023 paper "Microscopic Alterations of the Dental Pulp in Surgically Extracted Teeth of Dogs", what was the most common histopathologic finding of the pulp? ## Footnote JVD 2023. issue 3

Answer 297

Pulp fibrosis (26%)

Question 298

In the 2023 study "Outcome of Surgical Extraction of Linguoverted Deciduous Mandibular Canine Teeth, Performed as an Interceptive Orthodontic Procedure in Puppies, on Permanent Occlusion," what % of the population had atraumatic occlusion of the permanent canines after extraction of the deciduous? ## Footnote JVD 2023 issue 3

Answer 298

49%

Question 299

In the 2022 article "Assessment of extractions of deciduous mandibular canine teeth to correct linguiversion malocclusion in 17 dogs", which class malocclusion had the most success? A. MAL1 B. MAL2 C. MAL3 ## Footnote JVD 2022 issue 3

Answer 299

A. MAL1

Question 300

For NiTi files, what configuration allows recovery from strain or shape memory? A. A phase B. M phase C. R phase ## Footnote JVD 2022 issue 3 Review on NiTi files

Answer 300

B. M phase

Question 301

For NiTi files, what configuration has flexibility that allows insertion into a canal? A. A phase B. M phase C. R phase ## Footnote JVD 2022 issue 3 Review NiTi files

Answer 301

A phase

Question 302

Define elastic modulus ## Footnote JVD 2022 issue 3 Review NiTi files

Answer 302

Elastic modulus aka Youngs modulus: refers to inherent stiffness of a material. A high modulus denotes that a material has more stiffness and will reach plastic or permanent deformation with applied stress more quickly when compared to that of low modulus

Question 303

For NiTi instruments, what's the most common type of fatigue and what forces contribute to it? ## Footnote JVD 2022 issue 3 Review NiTi files

Answer 303

Cyclic fatigue: when an instrument rotates in a curved canal resulting in motion induced repetitive compressive and tensile stress. MOST COMMON in curved canals

Question 304

What is the 12 pecks rule related to Lightspeed files? ## Footnote JVD 2022 issue 3 Review NiTi files

Answer 304

12 pecks rule - master file is identified when files requires 12 pecks to get to working length

Question 305

In the 2022 study with periodontitis and diabetes induced rat population, how did the drug Astaxanthin decreased alveolar bone loss? ## Footnote JVD 2022 issue 3

Answer 305

Decreasing RANKL and increasing OPG The drug is an antioxidant -- reduces apoptosis

Question 306

In the 2022 paper on intraoral radiographs in big cats, what radiographic technique was utilized? ## Footnote JVD 2022 issue 4

Answer 306

Stoll’s Hemisphere Model

Question 307

In the 2022 study "Correlation between radiographic and histopathologic findings associated with unerupted teeth in dogs", how often were the rad and histo findings in agreement when a cyst was present? ## Footnote JVD 2022 issue 4

Answer 307

75%

Question 308

In the 2022 study "Dental pain in cats: a prospective 6 mo study", what clinical signs were statistically signficantly associated with oral pain? ## Footnote JVD 2022 issue 4

Answer 308

TR, missing teeth, hypersalivation

Question 309

In the case series "Approach and Interfragmentary Stabilization of Caudal Mandibular Fracture in the Cat" what surgical apporach was used to access the caudal body of the mandible? ## Footnote JVD 2023 issue 1

Answer 309

Commisurotomy

Question 310

In "Dental Disorders in Wild and Domestic Pigs (Sus Scrofa): A Review" what tooth was most commonly missing and which had the highest incidence of supernumerary forms? ## Footnote JVD 2023 issue 1

Answer 310

Missing - mandP1 SN - maxP2

Question 311

In the 2023 study "Oral Pathology in Portuguese Dogs: An Eight-Year Biopsy-Based Retrospective Study" what was the most common neoplastic lesion diagnosed in any age dog? ## Footnote JVD 2023 issue 1

Answer 311

POF ## Footnote Dogs less than 7 years, most common lesion was POF > MM > CAA Dogs greater than 7 years, most common lesion was POF > MM > SCC

Question 312

What causes temperature changes in inflammed tissues? ## Footnote JVD 2023 issue 1 Thermographic Examination of the Gingiva of 16 Dogs

Answer 312

Microvascular changes in bloodflow are observed with inflammation and cause changes to local tissue temperature, which can be an objective finding in diagnosing periodontal diseases

Question 313

In the 2023 study "Histopathological Results of Mouth Lesions in Dogs and Cats from Colombia" what was the most common non-neoplastic lesion diagnosed in dogs? ## Footnote JVD 2023 issue 2

Answer 313

Gingival hyperplasia

Question 314

In the 2023 study "Intracanal Microbiological Contamination Reduction Using Low-intensity Laser Associated with a Photosensitizer – In Vivo Study in Teeth of Dogs", what was the % decrease in bacterial load after RC preparation and then after RC prep and use of photodynamic therapy? ## Footnote JVD 2023 issue 2

Answer 314

77% and 89% respectively there was 100% reduction of E.coli after photodynamic therapy

Question 315

What is the biologic basis of plasmocytomas? ## Footnote JVD 2023 issue 2 Oral Extramedullary Plasmacytoma Treatment Using a Combination of Marginal Excision and Strontium-90 Therapy in Five Dogs

Answer 315

Clonal expansion of mature B-lymphocyte plasma cells

Question 316

In the 2023 study "Prevalence of Dental and Skeletal Malocclusions in Mesaticephalic and Dolichocephalic Dogs—a Retrospective Study (2015–2018)" what was the most common breed to have deciduous MAL and adult MAL? ## Footnote JVD 2023 issue 2

Answer 316

Poodles ## Footnote Decid MAL: Breeds: poodles (34%), labs (9.5%), Cavalier king charles (7%) Adult MAL: Breeds: 5 most commonly affected breeds with permanent malocclusions were Poodles, Labrador Retrievers, Chihuahuas, Pit Bull Terriers, and Cavalier King Charles Spaniels

Question 317

In "A Retrospective Review of Dental Care and Related Husbandry of Captive Great Apes Over 37 Years (1982–2019) at Milwaukee County Zoo" what were the most common causes of tooth loss? ## Footnote JVD 2023 issue 3

Answer 317

The most common cause for tooth loss in captive animals: periodontal disease > attrition (older animals) > caries (esp in younger animals with poor husbandry)

Question 318

What do growth factors VEGF and PDGF from PRF do? ## Footnote JVD 2023 issue 3 Histological, Immunohistochemical, Biomechanical, and Wettability Evaluations of the Leukocyte- and Platelet-Rich Fibrin Membranes Derived from Canine Blood

Answer 318

VEGF and PDGF are inducers of angiogenesis

Question 319

What is the dental formula of pigs? ## Footnote JVD 2023 issue 3 Permanent Tooth Eruption Patterns in Nigerian Local Pigs

Answer 319

I 3/3, C 1/1, P 4/4, M 3/3