JVD Abstracts

Question 1

In Cetinkaya et al paper, what fixation technique is depicted?

2011, issue 2, abstract. Cetinkaya MA, Yardimci C, Kaya U

Answer 1

Lingual Arch Bar Application for Treatment of RostralMandibular Body Fractures in Cats

Question 2

Was partial acid etch before applying composite resin for MMF in cat cadavers strong enough?

2011, issue 2, abstract. Hoffer M, Manfra Marretta S, Kurath P, et al.

Answer 2

Yes - partial crown surface acid etch with composite, without bonding agent) had less complication an enough stregth
Total acid etch had more crown fracture during removal of appliance.

**cadaver study, can’t attest to long term cat forces on appliance

Question 3

Zhang et al used bone graft to orthodontically move a canine tooth and close what type of defect?

2011, issue 2 abstract

Answer 3

Alveolar crest defect from primary cleft palate

they surgically created defects…not applicable to the congenital…

Question 4

What were characteristics of the odontogenic myxoma in a dog?

2011, issue 1 abstract. Barigye R, Schultz J, Newell TK, Dyer NW

Answer 4

low mitotic index, insidious, locally aggressive odontogenic tumor

Question 5

Orthograde placement of MTA prior to RCT resulted in what formation?

2011, issue 1 abstract. Habibi M, Ghoddusi J, Habibi A, et al.

Answer 5

Cementum and bone formation

Study used cats canine teeth

Question 6

Orthodontically induced root resorption is not clinically significant after application of continuous intrusive forces between what amount of force?

2011, issue 1 abstract. Ramirez-Echave JI, Buschang PH, Carrillo R, et al.

Answer 6

50 and 200 g

Resorption was present in all teeth regardless of force

Question 7

Minimal debridement of dental abscess in rabbits with antimicrobial impregnated gauze placement needed how many weekly treatments on average?

2011, issue 1 abstract. Taylor WM, BeaufrËre H, Mans C, et al.

Answer 7

4+/-2 treatments

Just take the tooth out why GA them 100 times…

Question 8

In Fiani’s 2011 paper, “Clinicopathologic characterization of odontogenic tumors and focal fibrous hyperplasia in dogs: 152 cases (1995-2005),” what was the most common tumor/mass type?

Answer 8

CAA 45%

JVD abstracts 2011, Issue 1

Question 9

In Fidel’s paper on RT and carboplatin on SCC cats, what sites had the most response to the treatment?

JVD abstract 2011, issue 3

Answer 9

Cats with tumors of tonsil origin or cheek responded best to therapy

Question 10

In Newman’s paper on melanomas, what receptor was found in tumors of patients with longer MST?

JVD abstract 2011, issue 3

Answer 10

C-kit receptor

downreg = malig progression of human melanocytic caner; future tx target

Question 11

In Booij-Vrieling’s paper on osteoclasts and TR, the progenitor cells from TR cats differentiated with exposed to Vit D or IL-6?

JVD abstract 2011, issue 3

Answer 11

TR(+) PBMCs when cultured on bone are sensitive to 1,25(OH)(2)D, whereas the differentiation of TR(-) PMBCs on bone seem more sensitive to IL-6

Question 11

In Cetinkaya’s 2011 Vet Surg article “Lingual Arch Bar Application for Treatment of Rostral Mandibular Body Fractures in Cats,” which of the following is most correct?
A. 18G orthopedic wire was utilized
B. Malocclusion of the rostral part of the fracture occured in the majority of cats
C. Time to fracture union and appliance removal ranged from 28-64 days
D. The Lingual arch bar was not well tolerated

Answer 11

C.Time to fracture union and appliance removal ranged from 28-64 days

Question 12

In Glickman’s 2011 Prev Vet Med paper “Association between chronic azotemic kidney disease and the severity of periodontal disease in dogs,” what association between those two diseases was found?

Answer 12

The hazard ratio for azotemic CKD increased with increasing severity of periodontal disease

Increasing severity of perio also associated with creatinine > 1.4 and BUN > 36

Question 13

What was the main conclusion of Hoffer’s 2011 Vet Surg paper “Evaluation of composite resin materials for maxillomandibular fixation in cats for treatment of jaw fractures and temporomandibular joint luxations?”

Answer 13

Partial coronal surface acid etch (FR50) before use of flowable composite maintained a strong bond, yet resulted in easy material removal with a low complication rate

Groups studied: Acid etch and composite resin (CR), acid etch, bonding agent, and composite resin (CR+), partial surface acid etch and flowable composite resin (FR50), complete surface acid etch and flowable composite resin (FR100)

Question 14

In Rawlinson’s 2011 J Am Vet Med paper “Association of periodontal disease with systemic health indices in dogs and the systemic response to treatment of periodontal disease,” following Bonferroni corrections significant rank correlations were found between attachment loss and what values?

JVD 2011, issue 3

Answer 14

platelet number, creatinine concentration, and changes in C-reactive protein before and after treatment

Question 15

In Rawlinson’s 2011 J Am Vet Med paper “Association of periodontal disease with systemic health indices in dogs and the systemic response to treatment of periodontal disease,” what value increased significantly after treatment of periodontal disease?

JVD 2011, issue 3

Answer 15

BUN

Question 16

What were the methods of Riggio’s 2011 Vet Microbiol paper “Molecular identification of bacteria associated with canine periodontal disease?”

JVD 2011, issue 4

Answer 16

Swabs obtained from gingival margin of three dogs with gingivitis and three orally healthy controls and subjected to routine baccterial culture and culture independent methods

First study to use culture-independent methods for identification of bacteria associated with perio in dogs

Question 17

In Murakami’s 2011 Vet Comp Oncol article “Analysis of KIT expression and KIT exon 11 mutations in canine oral malignant melanoma,” what were the main results?

JVD 2011 Issue 3

Answer 17

20/39 cases positive for KIT. No significant difference between KIT expression and overal survival. 11/17 samples did not have KIT exon 11 mutations

Question 18

In Newman’s 2011 Vet Pathol article “C-kit expression in canine mucosal melanomas,” what was the association of C-kit expression with survival?

JVD 2011 Issue 3

Answer 18

KIT expression anywhere within the resected melanomas correlated with significantly longer survival

results suggest that c-kit receptor expression may serve as a prognostic indicator for mucosal melanomas

Question 19

In El-Warrak’s 2011 J Small Anim Pract article “Temporomandibular joint condylectomy and its effect over occlusion in cats: cadaveric study,” what occlusion changes were noted?

JVD 2011 Issue 3

Answer 19

occlusion changes are significant when comparing bites before and after surgery

Question 20

In Fiani’s 2011 J Am Vet Med article “Osteoma of the oral and maxillofacial regions in cats: 7 cases (1999-2009,” how many cats were alive following treatment?

JVD 2011 Issue 3

Answer 20

All 4 cats that were treated were alive at least 1 year after surgery with owner reported acceptable quality of life

Question 21

In Perez-Salcedo’s 2011 Vet Microbiol article “Comparison of two sampling methods for microbiological evaluation of periodontal disease in cats,” what two sampling methods were compared and which was most effective?

JVD 2011, Issue 4

Answer 21

Cottons swabs over mucosa and teeth vs subgingival paper points. Paper points most effective.

paper points had significantly higher recoveries of anaeorobic bacteria and periodontal pathogens

Question 22

In Belgard’s 2010 article “Relevance of feline calicivirus, feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukemia virus, feline herpesvirus and Bartonella henselae in cats with chronic gingivostomatitis,” which pathogen was significantly more common in cats with CGS than age matched controls?

JVD 2011, Issue 4

Answer 22

Feline calicivirus RNA and antibodies was sig more common

No association between other pathogens and FCGS

Question 23

In Dissanayaka’s paper on dog pulpal stem cells, were they found comparable to MSCs?

JVD 2011, issue 4

Answer 23

Yes - The results of this study confirmed the stem cell properties of cDPSCs at a comparable level to those of hDPSCs and hBMMSCs.

Question 24

In Belgard's study on FCGS, what virus was associated with the disease? ## Footnote JVD 2011 issue 4

Answer 24

FCV - FCV RNA was significantly more common in cats with chronic gingivostomatitis (53.8%, p < 0.001) than in controls (14.0%)

Question 25

In Favero's study on dental implants in dogs, what conclusion was made in regards to bone changes when neighboring teeth were present? ## Footnote JVD 2011 issue 4

Answer 25

Multiple extractions of teeth adjacent to a socket into which implants were installed immediately after, tooth extraction induced more alveolar bone recession compared to sites where the adjacent teeth were preserved

Question 26

In Favero's study on dental implants immediately following extraction in dogs, where should the implant be placed to minimize buccal bone recession? ## Footnote JVD 2011, issue 4

Answer 26

Implant placed more lingually

Question 27

In Randall's study on bone remodeling in dogs jaws, did the maxilla or mandible have a higher bone formation rate? ## Footnote JVD 2011, issue 4

Answer 27

Mandible ## Footnote No difference when compared alveolar bone of deciduous vs primary teeth

Question 28

In Willard's study on TMJ disc histo, what difference was noted in the congruent disc-attachment anatomy? | The disc and it's attachments to bones appears congruent, but the histo ## Footnote JVD 2012, issue 1

Answer 28

Disc regions generally showed higher sulfat-ed GAG and collagen content than the attachments

Question 29

In Al-Askar's study on single vs contiguous tooth extraction, what boney finding was more pronounced in the contiguous extractions? ## Footnote JVD 2012, issue 1

Answer 29

Contiguous teeth extraction caused significantly more alveolar ridge bone loss as compared with when a single tooth is extracted ## Footnote The three-teeth extraction group in the upper and lower showed more obvious resorption on the palatal/lingual side especially in the lower group posterior locations

Question 30

What CK expression is found in odontogenic tumors of dogs, similar to that reported in humans? Arzi et al, 2012 ## Footnote JVD 2012, issue 1

Answer 30

CK14 and CK5/6 present CKs 7, 8, 18 and 20 were generally absent

Question 31

In Bressan's study on alveolar implants following extractions in dogs, is the following true? Shorter implants had equal osteointegration as long implants ## Footnote JVD 2012, issue 1

Answer 31

True. Shorter implants (6mm) present with equal osseointegration than do longer implants (11mm)

Question 32

In Buckley's study on home diets and dental disease in dogs and cats, is the following true? Home diets were NOT stat sig associated with an oral health problem ## Footnote JVD 2012, issue 1

Answer 32

FALSE. "There was a significant effect of diet on the OHI (P < 0.001) whereby feeding the HP diet increased the probability of an oral health problem in both cats and dogs" Also dry commercial pet food better, and of course tooth brushing daily

Question 33

In Dahlén's study on anaerobic culutre of subgingival plaque in dogs, what were the most commonly found bacteria? ## Footnote JVD 2012, issue 1

Answer 33

Porphyromonas crevioricanis and Fusobacterium canifelinum were the two most prevalent species in predominant flora in dogs

Question 34

In Otani's 2011 paper "Healing of experimental apical periodontis after apicoectomy using different sealing materials on the resected root end," what was the main take away?

Answer 34

Root-end sealing using 4-META/MMA-TBB resin (SB), zinc oxide eugenol cement, or MTA are significantly better than the control.

Question 35

What was the main finding in Al-Askar's study "Effect of Single and Contiguous Teeth Extractions on Alveolar Bone Remodeling: A Study in Dogs?" ## Footnote Clin Implan Dent 2011

Answer 35

Contiguous teeth extraction caused significantly more alveolar ridge bone loss compared to single teeth extraction site

Question 36

What cytokeratins (CKs) were present in the odontogenic epithelium and gingiva of dogs in Arzi's 2011 paper "Expression of cytokeratins in the epithelium of canine odontogenic tumors?" ## Footnote Comp Pathol 2011

Answer 36

CK 14, CK5/6 ## Footnote CKs 7, 8, 18, 20 absent from canine dental germ, gingiva and odontogenic tumors similar to humans

Question 37

In Buckley's 2011 study "The impact of home-prepared diets and home oral hygiene on oral health in cats and dogs," how was oral health assessed? ## Footnote Br J Nutr 2011

Answer 37

Conscious oral exam assessing dental deposits, size of mandibular lymph nodes and gingival health with an oral health index (OHI) as a combined score ranging from 0-8 ## Footnote Significantly beneficial effect of feeding only dry commercial pet food in dogs and cats

Question 38

What were the methods of da Silva's 2011 paper "Miniplate fixation for the repair of segmental mandibular defects filled with autogenous bone in cats?" ## Footnote Act Cir Bras 2011

Answer 38

Segmental defect 4mm created caudal to first mandibular molar in 6 cats, filled with autogenous iliac crest bone graft, fixed with 1.5mm titanium plate. Second group defect performed between 4th premolar and 1st molar with extraction of 1st molar. Cats euthanized after 20 weeks. Macroscopically and histologically evaluated ## Footnote No stat differences between the two groups. Woven bone found in both

Question 39

In Hennet's 2011 study "Comparative efficacy of a recombinant feline interferon omega in refractory cases of calicivirus-positive cats with caudal stomatitis: a randomised, multi-centre, controlled, double-blind study in 39 cats," what were the main results? ## Footnote J Feline Med Surg 2011

Answer 39

Daily oromucosal treatment with recombinant feline interferon omega was associated with significant improvement of clinical lesions and a decrease of pain scores from day 0-90. No statistical improvement was noted in the prednisolone group, but no significant differences between the two groups was present except for pain at day 60 and day 90

Question 40

In Nemec's 2012 study "Prevalence and types of tooth resorption in dogs with oral tumors," what type of tooth resorption associated with teeth at tumor sites was seen most commonly? ## Footnote Am J Vet Res 2012

Answer 40

Teeth at tumor sites with nonodontogenic tumors were significantly more frequently affected with external inflammatory resorption than teeth at tumor sites affected by odontogenic tumors

Question 41

In Nemec's 2012 study "Prevalence and types of tooth resorption in dogs with oral tumors," how many times more likely were teeth at sites distant from oral tumors to have resorption than control dogs? ## Footnote Am J Vet Res 2012

Answer 41

3.2 times as likely to have external surface resorption 83 times as likely to have external inflammatory resorption

Question 42

What types of resorption are indicated by the black arrows and white arrow heads? ## Footnote Peralta, Verstraete. Radiographic evaluation of the types of tooth resorption in dogs. Am J Vet Res 2010.

Answer 42

Black arrows: external surface resorption White arrow heads: external replacement resorption ## Footnote external surface resorption: periodontal ligament space visible external replacement resorption: periodontal ligament space not visible, surrounding alveolar bone replacing root structure

Question 43

What is the difference between internal inflammatory resorption and internal surface resorption? ## Footnote Peralta, Verstraete. Radiographic evaluation of the types of tooth resorption in dogs. Am J Vet Res 2010.

Answer 43

Internal surface resorption only occurs when there is no evidence of endodontic or periodontal disease

Question 44

What type of resorption is indicated with the black arrow heads? ## Footnote Peralta, Verstraete. Radiographic evaluation of the types of tooth resorption in dogs. Am J Vet Res 2010.

Answer 44

External cervical root surface resorption

Question 45

What type of resorption is indicated by the black arrows? ## Footnote Peralta, Verstraete. Radiographic evaluation of the types of tooth resorption in dogs. Am J Vet Res 2010.

Answer 45

Internal inflammatory resorption

Question 46

What type of resorption is indicated by the black arrow? ## Footnote Peralta, Verstraete. Radiographic evaluation of the types of tooth resorption in dogs. Am J Vet Res 2010.

Answer 46

Internal surface resorption ## Footnote No evidence of endodontic or periodontal disease

Question 47

In Peralta's 2010 paper "Radiographic evaluation of the types of tooth resorption in dogs," what were the two most common types of resorption identified? ## Footnote Peralta, Verstraete. Radiographic evaluation of the types of tooth resorption in dogs. Am J Vet Res 2010.

Answer 47

1.) external replacement resorption 2.) External inflammatory resorption

Question 48

In Peralta's 2010 paper "Radiographic evaluation of the types of tooth resorption in dogs," what type of tooth resorption was not identified? ## Footnote Peralta, Verstraete. Radiographic evaluation of the types of tooth resorption in dogs. Am J Vet Res 2010.

Answer 48

Internal replacement resorption

Question 49

In Carlo's 2012 paper on GTR of grade II furcation lesions, did the rigid membrane improve repair of this defect? ## Footnote JVD 2012 issue 2 abstracts; Carlo Reis EC, Borges AP, Del Carlo RJ, et al. Guided tissue regeneration using rigid absorbable mem-branes in the dog model of chronic furcation defect. Odontol Scand. 2012 May 16.

Answer 49

No, both membraned of hydroxyapetite and polyhydroxybutyrate matrix did not improve results

Question 50

In the 2011 study of periapical lesion volumes following RCT vs control, by how much volume was the periapical lucency improved for the treated root canal? ## Footnote JVD 2012, issue 3. Ordinola-Zapata R, Bramante CM, Duarte MH, et al.The influence of cone-beam computed tomography and periapical radiographic evaluation on the assessment of periapical bone destruction in dog’s teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2011 Aug;112(2):272-9.

Answer 50

50%

Question 51

In the 2012 paper on susceptibility of Porphy-romonas spp. and Fusobacterium spp in dogs, what antibiotics showed some resistance patterns? ## Footnote Senhorinho GN, Nakano V, Liu C, et al. Occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Porphy-romonas spp. and Fusobacterium spp. in dogs with and without periodontitis. Anaerobe. 2012 May 17.

Answer 51

clarithromycin, erythromycin and metronidazole

Question 52

In the Suaid 2012 paper, what class of furcation defect was tested, showing improvement when autologous PDL cells were used in addition to typical GTR in dogs? ## Footnote JVD 2012, issue 3. Suaid FF, Ribeiro FV, Gomes TR, et al. Autologous periodontal ligament cells in the treatment of class III furcation defects: a study in dogs. J Clin Periodontol. 2012

Answer 52

Class 3 - surgically induced in these dogs...

Question 53

In Verstratae's 2012 paper on odontogenic cysts, what location was described for all suspected odontogenic keratocysts? ## Footnote JVD 2012, issue 3. Verstraete FJ, Zin BP, Kass PH, et al.Clinical signs and histologic findings in dogs with odonto-genic cysts: 41 cases (1995-2010).J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2011 Dec 1;239(11):147

Answer 53

Maxilla

Question 54

In Frazier's paper on surgical outcome of FSA in dogs, what was the recurrence rate? ## Footnote Frazier SA, Johns SM, Ortega J, et al. Outcome in dogs with surgically resected oral fibrosar-coma (1997-2008)

Answer 54

25%

Question 55

In Kitshoff's retrospective study on mand fx in dogs, what was the most common etiology and most common fracture anatomic location? ## Footnote Kitshoff AM, de Rooster H, Ferreira SM, Steenkamp G. A retrospective study of 109 dogs with mandibular fractures. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2012 Oct 29;26(1)

Answer 55

Dog fights; molar region of mandible

Question 56

In Nemec's study on systemic nitric oxide presence in periodontitis, which group showed signficant levels of NOx a. no perio b. < 25 % teeth affected by periodontitis c. > 25 % teeth affected by periodontitis ## Footnote Nemec A, Verstraete FJ, Jerin A, et al.Periodontal disease, periodontal treatment and systemic nitric oxide in dogs. Res Vet Sci. 2012 Nov 15

Answer 56

c. > 25 % teeth affected by periodontitis | Studied for systemic relation to oxidative stress...

Question 57

What two differentials are described by Nemec's study in 14 dogs with ulcerative stomaitis? ## Footnote JVD 2012 abstract

Answer 57

Erythema multiforme, epitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma ## Footnote Nemec A, Zavodovskaya R, Affolter VK, Verstraete FJ. Erythema multiforme and epitheliotropic T-cell lym-phoma in the oral cavity of dogs: 1989 to 2009.

Question 58

In Soukup's paper on dentoalveolar injury with maxillofacial trauma, what was the prevalence of DAI in cases of dogs with MF trauma? ## Footnote Soukup JW, Mulherin BL, Snyder CJ Prevalence and nature of dentoalveolar injuries among patients with maxillofacial fractures. J Small Anim Pract. 2012 Oct 4

Answer 58

72%

Question 59

What was the outcome of comparing growth factor use for furcation perforations in comparison to MTA? ## Footnote Zairi A, Lambrianidis T, Pantelidou O, et al. Periradicular Tissue Responses to Biologically Active Molecules or MTA When Applied in Furcal Perforation of Dogs’ Teeth.Int J Dent. 2012

Answer 59

None of the biologically active molecules can be suggested for repairing furcal perforations -- MTA was better than all growth factors

Question 60

In Linton's 2012 paper "The effectiveness of a long-acting transdermal fentanyl solution compared to buprenorphine for the control of post-operative pain in dogs in a randomized, multicentered clinical study," what was the main result? ## Footnote J Vet Pharmacol. 2012.

Answer 60

Both transdermal fentanyl and buprenorphine are effective forms of postoperative pain control with no significant differences between the two.

Question 61

In Verstraete's 2011 paper "Clinical signs and histologic findings in dogs with odontogenic cysts: 41 cases (1995-2010), what was the most commonly identified cyst type? ## Footnote J Am Vet Med Association, 2011.

Answer 61

Dentigerous cysts (29/41 dogs, 70%)

Question 62

In Frazier's 2012 article "Outcome in dogs with surgically resected oral fibrosarcoma," how many dogs were treated, what was median survival time, what percent of dogs developed local recurrence, what percentage developed metastasis? ## Footnote Vet Comp Oncol 2012

Answer 62

How many dogs were treated: 21 dogs with surgical excision alone, 8 surgery + radiation therapy MST 734 days (~24 months) Local recurrence 24% Metastasis 24% ## Footnote survival times after surgical excision previously reported as 7-12 months Local recurrence rates previously reorted at 32-57%

Question 63

In Mestrinho's 2012 article "Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherpay and surgery as treatment for oral maxillary squamous cell carcinoma in a dog," how long was the patient free from local disease? ## Footnote Aust Vet J 2012

Answer 63

421 days (14 months)

Question 64

In Kitshoff's 2012 paper "A retrospective study of 109 dogs with mandibular fractures," what breed and age of dog predominated, what was the most commonly affected region, which tooth was most frequently invovled? ## Footnote Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2012

Answer 64

Small breed dogs and dogs less than 8 months old Molar region most commonly affected Mandibular first molar most frequently involved ## Footnote Dog fights most common etiology Majority of fractures invovled teeth in fracture line

Question 65

In Nemec's 2012 paper "Periodontal disease, periodontal treatment and systemic nitric oxide in dogs," when did systemic NO increase? ## Footnote Nemec, Verstraete, Res Vet Sci 2012

Answer 65

Overall increase in systemic NO response 2 weeks after periodontal treatment in dogs with advanced periodontal disease Response greatly individula dependent

Question 66

In Nemec's 2012 retrospective study "Erythema multiforme and epitheliotrophic T-cell lymphoma in the oral cavity of dogs," what were the main conclusions? ## Footnote J Small Anim Pract 2012, Nemec, Verstraete

Answer 66

Erythema multiforme and epitheliotrophic T-cell lymphoma are rarely limited to just the oral cavity, usually present as stomatitis Immunohistochemistry and clonality testing may assist in differentiation between the two Repeated biopsy and clinical follow up essential for ambiguous cases

Question 67

In Soukup's 2012 study "Prevalence and Nature of Dentoalveolar Injuries Among Patients with Maxillofacial Fractures," what was the prevalence of dentoalveolar injuries and what were the most common injuries sustained? ## Footnote Journal of Small Animal Practice, 2013, Soukup, Mulherin, Synder

Answer 67

72% (31/44) Root and crown fractures most common ## Footnote All cases examined by DOSS

Question 68

In Arzi's 2013 paper "Computed tomographic findings in dogs and cats with temporomandibular joint disorders: 58 cases (2006-2011)," what was the most common TMJ disorders in dogs and cats respectively? ## Footnote J Am Vet Med Assoc 2013

Answer 68

Dogs: osteoarthritis, most frequently identified at medial aspect Cats: TMJ fractures

Question 69

In Arzi's 2013 paper "Computed tomographic findings in dogs and cats with temporomandibular joint disorders: 58 cases (2006-2011)," what percentage of dogs and cats were clinical for osteoarthritis alone? ## Footnote J Am Vet Med Assoc 2013

Answer 69

Dogs 26% (4/15) Cats 50% (2/4)

Question 70

In Barton-Lamb's 2013 study "Evaluation of maxillary arterial blood flow in anesthetized cats with the mouth closed and open," how was blood flow assessed? ## Footnote Vet J 2013

Answer 70

Electroretinogram (ERG) Brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) magnetic resonance angiograpy (MRA) Dynamic computer tomography

Question 71

In Fulton's 2012 paper "Outcome of surgical endodontic treatment in dogs: 15 cases (1995-2011)," what was the outcome for the 15 dogs? ## Footnote J Am Vet Med Assoc 2012

Answer 71

All 15 clinically successful 10/15 dogs had successful resolution of periapical disease 5/15 dogs no evidence of radiographic failure

Question 72

What is the experimentally determined subantimicrobial dosage of doxycycline? ## Footnote "Experimental determination of a subantimicrobial dosage of doxycycline hyclate for treatment of periodontitis in Beagles." Kim, Am J Vet Res 2013

Answer 72

2mg/kg daily

Question 73

In Synder's 2013 study "Effect of mepivacaine in an infraorbital nerve block on minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in clinically normal anesthetized dogs undergoing a modified form of dental dolorimetry," what was the effect of the infraorbital block on MAC? ## Footnote J Am Vet Med Assoc 2013

Answer 73

23% isoflurane MAC redution

Question 74

What aspect of the TMJ is more likely to have OA signs in the 2013 paper of CT eval of TMJs in dogs? ## Footnote Arzi B, Cissell DD, Verstraete FJ, et al. Computed tomographic findings in dogs and cats with temporomandibular joint disorders: 58 cases (2006-2011).J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2013 Jan 1;242(1):69-75

Answer 74

Medial aspect ## Footnote OA #1 findings in dog TMJ, #2 in cats (fx #1)

Question 75

What artery can become compressed if a cat's mouth is open at maximal level? ## Footnote Barton-Lamb AL, Martin-Flores M, Scrivani PV, et al. Evaluation of maxillary arterial blood flow in anesthetized cats with the mouth closed and open. Vet J. 2013 Feb

Answer 75

Maxillary artery --> can cause blindness

Question 76

In the 2012 paper on clinical outcome of sugrical endodontic apiocectomy, how many mm of pulp was prepped after the apex was removed? ## Footnote Fulton AJ, Fiani N, Arzi B, et al. Outcome of surgical endodontic treatment in dogs: 15 cases (1995-2011). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2012 Dec 15;241(12):1633-8.

Answer 76

3mm

Question 77

What properties are benficial of Polycaprolactone-tricalcium phosphate (PCL-TCP) as a bone graft scaffold? ## Footnote Khojasteh A, Behnia H, Hosseini FS, et al. The effect of PCL-TCP scaffold loaded with mesenchymal stem cells on vertical bone augmentation in dog mandible: A preliminary report. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2013 Jan 29

Answer 77

facilitate early revascularization and increase in mechanical yield strength --> more osteoconductive properties than PCL alone

Question 78

What % decrease in MAC was reported in the 2012 paper assessing MAC reduction with and without infraorbital nerve block in dogs? ## Footnote Snyder CJ, Snyder LB Effect of mepivacaine in an infraorbital nerve block on minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in clinically normal anesthetized dogs undergoing a modified form of dental dolorimetry. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2013 Jan 15;242(2):199-204.

Answer 78

23% reduction of MAC with nerve block

Question 79

In study on clinical behavior of mandibular osteosarcoma, what % of dogs devloped distant metastasis? ## Footnote Gandolfi B, Liu H, Griffioen L, Pedersen NC. Simple recessive mutation in ENAM is associated with amelogenesis imperfecta in Italian Greyhounds. Anim Genet. 2013 May --> published 2015

Answer 79

58%

Question 80

In Culp's 2013 study on lingual neoplasia outcomes in dogs, what tumor size determined a likely shorter survival time? ## Footnote Culp WT, Ehrhart N, Withrow SJ, et al. Results of surgical excision and evaluation of factors as-sociated with survival time in dogs with lingual neoplasia: 97 cases (1995-2008). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2013 May 15;242(10):1392-7.

Answer 80

Tumors < 2cm had a longer survival time

Question 81

In Gandolfi's study, what disease is associated with the recessive gene ENAM in Italian Greyhounds? ## Footnote Gandolfi B, Liu H, Griffioen L, Pedersen NC Simple recessive mutation in ENAM is associated with amelogenesis imperfecta in Italian Greyhounds. Anim Genet. 2013 May 3

Answer 81

Amelogenesis imperfecta (enamel hypoplasia) ## Footnote The prevalence of the enamel defect in Italian Greyhounds was 14%, and 30% of dogs with normal teeth were carriers

Question 82

In the 2013 study on Assessment of Dental Abnormalities by Full-Mouth Radiography in Small Breed Dogs, what teeth most commonly had radiographic abnormalities? ## Footnote Kim CG, Lee SY, Kim JW, Park HM Assessment of dental abnormalities by full-mouth radiogra-phy in small breed dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 2013 Jan-Feb;49(1):23-30. Epub 2012 Nov 12.

Answer 82

Mand M1s and Max P4s (carnassials) ## Footnote Bone loss of any type (16%) was the most commonly detected radiographic abnormal finding

Question 83

What dental abnormality was found in almost all adult sea otter skulls studied? ## Footnote Winer JN, Liong SM, Verstraete FJ. The Dental Pathology of Southern Sea Otters (Enhydra lutris nereis). J Comp Pathol. 2013 Jan 21.

Answer 83

Tooth abrasion (52% of teeth, in 98% of skulls)

Question 84

In Arzi's 2013 paper "Osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint in Southern Sea Otters," which of the following is most correct? A. Overall 25% of specimens had findings consistent with TMJ-OA B. There was a statistically significant association between age and sex with the presence or severity of TMJ-OA C. The majority of affected specimens had moderate change. D. The lengths of the right and left mandibular heads were significantly associated with age. ## Footnote J Comp Pathol 2013. Arzi, Winer, Kass, Verstraete

Answer 84

D. The lengths of the right and left mandibular heads were significantly associated with age. ## Footnote A. 4% specimens had OA. B. There was no association between age, sex and TMJ-OA. C. The majority of affected specimens had mild or severe change

Question 85

In Coyle's 2013 study "Biological behaviour of canine mandibular osteosarcoma. A retrospective study of 50 cases (1999-2007), what factors influenced outcome? ## Footnote Vet Comp Oncol. 2013

Answer 85

mitotic index > 40 prognostic for decreased metastasis free interval and survival time histological grade and adjuvant chemotherapy prognostic for MFI and ST

Question 86

In Culp's 2013 study "Results of surgical excision and evaluation of factors associated with survival time in dogs with lingual neoplasia: 97 cases (1995-2008), what prognostic indicator was indentified? ## Footnote Culp, Ehrhart, Withrow. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2013

Answer 86

lingual tumors > 2cm in diameter at time of diagnosis had sig shorter survival times

Question 87

In Culp's 2013 study "Results of surgical excision and evaluation of factors associated with survival time in dogs with lingual neoplasia: 97 cases (1995-2008)," what were the most common tumor types identified and what percentage of dogs developed recurrence and metastatic disease?

Answer 87

SCC and malignant melanoma recurrence 28% metastatic disease 19%

Question 88

What gene is associated with amelogenesis imperfecta in Italian Greyhounds? ## Footnote Gandolfi "Simple recessive mutation in ENAM is associated with amelogenesis imperfecta in Italian Greyhounds." Anim Genet 2013

Answer 88

5-bp deletion in exon 10 of enamelin (ENAM) gene

Question 89

In Kim's 2012 paper "Assessment of dental abnormalitites by full-mouth radiography in small breed dogs," what percentage of teeth had abnormal radiographic findings and what was the most commonly detected abnormal radiographic finding? ## Footnote J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2013

Answer 89

30% of teeth had abnormal rad findings bone loss of any type most common finding (16%)

Question 90

In Rosenburg's 2013 paper "Evaluationof azithromycin in systemic and toothpaste forms for the treatment of ciclosporin-associated gingival overgrowth in dogs," azithromycin improved CsAGO in which measured parameter? ## Footnote Vet Dermatol 2013

Answer 90

Gingival sulcus depth ## Footnote improvement in both systemic and toothpaste groups

Question 91

In Dolieslager's 2013 paper "The influence of oral bacteria on tissue levels of Toll-like receptor and cytokine mRNAs in feline chronic gingivosto- matitis and oral health," positive correlations with clinical disease severity were seen with which cytokine mRNAs? ## Footnote Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2013

Answer 91

TLR2, TLR7, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-1beta, IL-6

Question 92

In Dolieslager's 2013 paper "The influence of oral bacteria on tissue levels of Toll-like receptor and cytokine mRNAs in feline chronic gingivosto- matitis and oral health," which viruses/bacteria were associated with clinical disease severity? ## Footnote Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2013

Answer 92

Feline calicivirus, Tannerella forsythia

Question 93

In Fulton's 2013 study "Risk factors associated with survival in dogs with nonton- sillar oral squamous cell carcinoma 31 cases (1990-2010)," what was the percentage decrease for risk of death for dogs treated with surgery and what was the 1 year survival rate? ## Footnote J Am Vet Med Assoc 2013

Answer 93

91% 93%

Question 94

In Fulton's 2013 study "Risk factors associated with survival in dogs with nonton- sillar oral squamous cell carcinoma 31 cases (1990-2010)," what factors were not associated with survival time? ## Footnote JAVMA 2013

Answer 94

Tumor loaction, clinical stage, histologic subtype ## Footnote risk of death increased significantly with increasing tumor-associated inflammation (TAI), perineural invasion (PNI), and lymphovascular invasion (LVI)

Question 95

In Komnenou's 2013 study "Evaluation of aqueous tear production in dogs after general anaesthesia with medetomidine-propofol-carprofen-halothane," what was the effect of this protocol on tear production? ## Footnote Vet Rec 2013

Answer 95

Stat sig reduction in tear production that continued for 2 hours postop ## Footnote Use of artificial tears recommended

Question 96

What surgical techniques can be used to reconstruct the rostal muzzle after a traumatic premaxillary degloving injury? ## Footnote Kurach L, Plesman R, Grier-Lowe C, et al. Use of a hard palate mucoperiosteal flap for rostral muzzle reconstruction in a dog after a traumatic premaxillary degloving injury. Vet Surg. 2013 Feb;42(2):192-7. Epub 2012 Dec 14.

Answer 96

hard palate mucoperiosteal flap and lateral labial advancement flaps

Question 97

In Zhu et al's study on pulp regeneration, was new tissue formation inhanced with the pulpal stem cells when compared to just a blood clot being present? ## Footnote J. Endond 2012

Answer 97

No enhancement in new tissue formation; 24/32 teeth regenerated pulpal tissue

Question 98

In Farcas' 2014 study "Dental radiographic findings in cats with chronic gingivostomatitis (2002-2012), what were the main findings? ## Footnote J Am Vet Med Assoc 2014, Lommer, Verstraete

Answer 98

More widely distributed and severe periodontal disease for FCGS cats higher prevalence of external inflammatory root resorption and retained roots in FCGS cats

Question 99

In Luotonen's 2014 article "Vital pulp therapy in dogs: 190 cases (2001-2011), what was the overall success rate of vital pulp therapy and what were the success rates for teeth treated with MTA vs calcium hydroxide? ## Footnote J Am Vet Med Assoc, 2014

Answer 99

Overall success rate: 85% MTA success rate: 92% Calcium hydroxide success rate: 58%

Question 100

In Luotonen's 2014 article "Vital pulp therapy in dogs: 190 cases (2001-2011), what two factors were significantly associated with increased odds of treatment failure? ## Footnote J Am Vet Med Assoc 2014

Answer 100

Use of calcium hydroxide and deep penetration of dressing material into vital pulp

Question 101

In Nemec's 2014 study "Craniomaxillofacial abnormalities in dogs with congenital palatal defects: computed tomographic findings," what structure other than the cleft palate was most commonly found to be abnormal? ## Footnote Vet Surg 2014

Answer 101

Tympanic bullae

Question 102

In Nemec's 2014 study "Craniomaxillofacial abnormalities in dogs with congenital palatal defects: computed tomographic findings," what was the relationship between soft tissue defects and bony defects? ## Footnote Vet Surg 2014

Answer 102

The soft tissue cleft was always smaller than the bony defect

Question 103

In Peralta's 2014 study "Staged Double-Layer Closure of Palatal Defects in 6 Dogs," complete hard palate closure was obtained after the intital and secondary attempt in how many dogs respectively? ## Footnote Peralta, Nemec, Fiani, Verstraete, Vet Surg 2014

Answer 103

complete closure obtained after initial surgery: 3/6 dogs complete closure following revision surgery: 2/6 dogs

Question 104

How did the authors eliminate keratinized mucosa at the implant site to improve alveolar crest resorption following implant? ## Footnote Bengazi F, Lang NP, Caroprese M, et al.Dimensional changes in soft tissues around dental implants following free gingival grafting: an experimental study in dogs. Clin Oral Implants. 2013 Oct 24.

Answer 104

Excised the gingiva, let it heal, then did implant and noted possibly less alveolar crest resorption

Question 105

Can MRI detect inflammatory changes associated with MMM? ## Footnote Cauduro A, Paolo F, Asperio RM, Rossini V, et al. Use of MRI for the early diagnosis of masticatory muscle myositis. J. Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 2013 Sep

Answer 105

Yes. MRI detected widespread, symmetrical, and inhomogeneously hyperintense areas in the masticatory muscle. Electromyography (EMG) demonstrated severe and spontaneous pathologic activity in the temporal and masseter muscles

Question 106

In the 2013 study comparing PRP with PPP (poor), and PRF (fibrin), which product was best for bone formation? ## Footnote Hatakeyama I, Marukawa E, Takahashi Y, Omura K. Effects of Platelet-Poor Plasma, Platelet-Rich Plasma, and Platelet-Rich Fibrin on Healing of Extraction Sockets with Buccal Dehiscence in Dogs.Tissue Eng Part A. 2013 Oct 7. [Epub a

Answer 106

PPP -- the platelets negatively affected bone formation in the sockets

Question 107

What are the two patterns noted microscopically for oral papillary SCC in the 2013 case series by Nemec et al? ## Footnote Nemec A, Murphy BG, Jordan RC, et al. Oral Papillary Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Twelve Dogs. J Comp Pathol. 2013 Sep 6. [Epub a

Answer 107

(1) invasion of bone forming a cup-shaped indentation in the bone or a deeply cavitating cyst within the bone (cavitating pattern) (2) histologically malignant growth, but lack of apparent bone invasion (non-cavitating pattern).

Question 108

In Soltera-Rivera's 2013 paper on feline OSCC, what was the prevalence of mandibular LN metastasis? ## Footnote Soltero-Rivera MM, Krick EL, Reiter AM, et al. Prevalence of regional and distant metastasis in cats with advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma: 49 cases (2005-2011).J Feline Med Surg. 2013 Sep 11.

Answer 108

31% (15/49 cats)

Question 109

In the 2013 study investigating if combining an induced blood clot, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and bone marrow aspirate (BMA) could regenerate pulp in a tooth with periapical inflammation, what was the outcome? ## Footnote Gmes-Filho JE, Tobias Duarte PC, Ervolino E, et al. Histologic Characterization of Engineered Tissues in the Canal Space of Closed-apex Teeth with Apical Periodontitis. J Endod. 2013 Dec;39(12):1549-56. Epub 2013 Sep 29.

Answer 109

Produced cementum-like or bone-like material, but no pulp

Question 110

In the 2014 JAVMA study on intraoral rads of FCGS vs normal cats, what percentage of FCGS cats had periodontitis and TR respectively? ## Footnote Farcas N, Lommer MJ, Kass PH, Verstraete FJ Dental radiographic findings in cats with chronic gingivostomatitis (2002-2012). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2014 Feb 1;244(3):339-

Answer 110

100% perio; 49% TR ## Footnote TR was likely external root resorption; % RTR was 56% in FCGS cats

Question 111

Which type of ameloblastoma was more likely to have a cystic-like appearance on CT? ## Footnote Amory J, Reetz J, Sánchez M, et al. Computed tomographic characteristics of odontogenic neoplasms in dogs.Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 2014

Answer 111

Intraosseous

Question 112

What are the red complex bacteria often implicated in periodontal disease? ## Footnote Di Bello A, Buonavoglia A, Franchini D, et al. Periodontal disease associated with red complex bacteria in dogs. J Small Anim Pract. 2014 Mar;55(3):1

Answer 112

Treponema denticola Tannerella forsythia Porphyromonas gingivalis

Question 113

At what part of the lunar cycle are animals more likely to sustain MMF injury? ## Footnote Mulherin B, Snyder C, Soukup J, Hetzel S. Retrospective evaluation of canine and feline maxillo-mandibular trauma cases. Comparison of lunar cycle and seasonality with non-maxillomandibular traumatic injuries (2003-2012). Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2014

Answer 113

Immediately following the full moon

Question 114

What etiology was most prevalevt for MMF trauma vs systemic trauma respectively in the 2014 paper on signalment in trauma types? ## Footnote Mulherin B, Snyder C, Soukup J, Hetzel S. Retrospective evaluation of canine and feline maxilloman-dibular trauma cases. A comparison of signalment with non-maxillomandibular traumatic injuries (2003-2012). Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2014

Answer 114

MMF - animal altercations Systemic - HBC

Question 115

what % of RTR had periapical pathology radiographs in the 2014 study evaluated unintentional RTR in dogs and cats? ## Footnote Moore JI, Niemiec B. Evaluation of extraction sites for evidence of retained tooth roots and periapical pathology. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 2014

Answer 115

57%

Question 116

In Dixon's 2014 paper "Critical evaluation of ex vivo restoration of carious equine maxillary cheek teeth infundibulae following high-pressure gas and micro-particle abrasion," what percent of cheek teeth were fully cleaned and filled to full depth, and what percent of restored teeth had restorations without gross defects? ## Footnote Vet J 2014

Answer 116

fully cleaned and restored to full depth: 46% restorations without gross defects: 18%

Question 117

In Mendez-Angulo's 2014 case report "Extensive rostral mandibulectomy for treatment of ameloblastoma in a horse," what was the main clinical conclusion? ## Footnote Vet Surg 2014

Answer 117

Extensive rostral mandibulectomy to caudal edge of mandibular symphysis can be performed without internal or external stabilization even when the symphysis fractures.

Question 118

In Amory's 2014 article “Computed tomographic characteristics of odontogenic neoplasms in dog,” what were the most common imaging findings for all odontogenic tumors types? ## Footnote Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2014

Answer 118

Direct association with or in the region of multiple teeth 96% cases Contrast enhancement 96% Alveolar bone lysis 93% Mass-associated tooth displacement 85% Mass-associated cyst-like structures 53% → only present in tumors containing odontogenic epithelium

Question 119

In Amory's 2014 article “Computed tomographic characteristics of odontogenic neoplasms in dog,” what were the main differences between intraosseous and extraosseous CAA's on CT imaging? | ` ## Footnote 2014 Vet Radiol Ultrasound

Answer 119

Intraosseous → more likely to have cyst like structures and subjectively more aggressive than extraosseous

Question 120

In Boudrieau's 2014 paper "Initial Experience With rhBMP-2 Delivered in a Compressive Resistant Matrix for Mandibular Reconstruction in 5 Dogs," what was the success rate and most common complications?" ## Footnote Vet Surg 2014

Answer 120

Successful longterm outcome for all 5 cases Gingival dehiscence 1/5, late plate exposure 3/5, exuberant cystic bone formation 2/5

Question 121

In Esmans 2014 paper "Optimized Canine Dental Computed Tomographic Protocol in Medium-Sized Mesaticephalic Dogs," what was determined to be the optimal dental imaging prototcol? ## Footnote Esmans, Soukup, Schwarz Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2014

Answer 121

Sequential mode 1mm slice thickness and interval with a high-frequency image reconstruction algorithm and moderate edge enhancement filter

Question 122

In Moore's 2014 paper "Evaluation of extraction sites for evidence of retained tooth roots and periapical pathology," what percent of previously extracted teeth in dogs and cats had retained roots and what percent had periapical pathology? ## Footnote Moore, Niemiec. 2014 J Am Animal Hosp Assoc

Answer 122

Retained roots: dogs 82%, cats 93% Periapical pathology: dogs 53%, cats 64%

Question 123

In Mulherin's 2014 paper "Retrospective evaluation of canine and feline maxillomandibular trauma cases. A non-maxillomandibular traumatic injuries (2003-2012). A comparison of signalment with non-maxillomandibular traumatic injuries (2003-2012)," what factors were significantly associated with MM trauma? ## Footnote Mulherin, Snyder, Soukup, Hetzel. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2014

Answer 123

Feline patients almost twice as likely to present for MM trauma Median weight of canine patients with MM injury sig less than non-MM patients MM trauma more likely due to animal altercation Animals less than 1 year of age more likely to present for all trauma types

Question 124

In Mulherin's 2014 paper "Retrospective evaluation of canine and feline maxillomandibular trauma cases. Comparison of lunar cycle and seasonality with non-maxillomandibular traumatic injuries (2003-2012)," when did MM injuries predominately occur and what was the relationship between lunar cycle and injury? ## Footnote Mulherin, Snyder, Soukup, Hetzel. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2014

Answer 124

MM injury occurred predominately in the spring Significantly injuries occurred before or after a full moon

Question 125

In Teixeira's 2014 study "Cell proliferation and expression of connexins differ in melanotic and amelanotic canine oral melanomas," what were the main results? ## Footnote Teixeira, Gentile, da Silva. Vet Res Commun 2014

Answer 125

Amelanotic melanoma → shorter lifespan, cell proliferation sig higher, expressions of connexins 26 and 43 sig reduced

Question 126

In Arzi's 2014 paper "Regenerating Mandibular Bone Using rhBMP-2: Part 1-Immediate Reconstruction of Segmental Mandibulectomies," when did solid cortical bone formation occur by, and what was the percent density of the regenerated mandibular bone?" ## Footnote Arzi, Verstraete. Vet Surg 2014

Answer 126

Solid cortical bone formation occurred within 3 months On CT, newly regenerated bone had ~50% of the bone density and porosity of contralateral side

Question 127

In Boston's 2014 paper "Efficacay of systemic adjuvant therapies administered to dogs after excision of oral malignant melanomas: 151 cases (2001-2012)," what were negative and positive prognostic factors, and what was the association of survival time with adjuvant therapies ## Footnote Boston J Am Vet Med Asoc 2014

Answer 127

Negative prognostic indicators: increasing tumor size and age Positive prognostic indicators: complete excision of macroscopic tumor burden Systemic adjuvant therapy not found to improve survival time

Question 128

In Arzi's 2014 study "Feline foamy virus adversely affects feline mesenchymal stem cell culture and expansion: implications for animal model development," what percentage of cell lines developed giant foamy multinucleated cells, and what can be done to produce FFV free lines or salvage FFV infected lines? ## Footnote Stem Cells Dev 2014, Arzi, Kol, Murphy

Answer 128

50% cell lines Tenofovir may be used to support ex vivo expansion and salvage of FFV infected feline mesenchymal stem cell lines MSC lines derived from specific pathogen free cats do not appear to be infected with FFV and may be source of allogenic fMSCs for clinical application

Question 129

In Kornya's 2014 study "Association between oral health status and retrovirus test results in cats," what percentage of cats were seropositive for FIV and FeLV, what was the overall oral disease prevalence, and what conditions had the highest retrovirus seropositivity risk? ## Footnote JAVMA 2014

Answer 129

FIV 4.6% (237/5179) FeLV 3.6% (186/5179) Overall oral disease prevalence 40.6% Inflammatory oral disease associated with sig higher risk for FIV with stomatitis associated with highest risk any oral inflammatory disease associated with FeLV positive

Question 130

In Carreira's 2015 study "Relationship Between Gender, Age, and Weight and the Serum Ionized Calcium Variations in Dog Periodontal Disease Evolution," what was the reltationship between ionized calcium and periodontal disease? ## Footnote Top Companion Anim Med. 2015

Answer 130

Lower ionized calcium levels were associated with more severe periodontal disease

Question 131

In Carreira's 2015 study "Serum Ionized Calcium Quantification for Staging Canine Periodontal Disease: A Preliminary Study," what was the relationship between PD stages and ionized calcium? ## Footnote Top Companion Anim Med 2015

Answer 131

Stat sig differences in ionized calcium levels were observed between PD stages 1 and 2 ## Footnote Paper suggests that ionized calcium can be used as an additional tool to establish and monitor preliminary PD status

Question 132

In Carvalho's 2015 paper "Mandibulectomy for treatment of fractures associated with severe periodontal disease," how many dogs suffered a traumatic event, and what treatments were performed? ## Footnote Can Vet J 2015

Answer 132

5/6 dogs suffered a traumatic event 4 dogs had bilateral mandibulectomies 2 had unilateral mandibulectomies

Question 133

In Losinkski's 2015 paper "Versatility of the Angularis Oris Axial Pattern Flap for Facial Reconstruction," what was the most common cause of the defects, what was the success rate, and what was the most common complication? ## Footnote Vet Surg 2015

Answer 133

Defects caused by tumor resection 6/9 flaps All flaps healed with acceptable functional and cosmetic outcomes without major complications most common complication flap edema 8/9 flaps

Question 134

For Santos's 2015 paper "Mathematical equation for prediction of cat mandibular canal height dimension based on canine tooth width measurement," what was the main result? ## Footnote J Feline Med Surg 2015

Answer 134

There was a strong correlation between the canine tooth width at the free gingival margin and mandibular canal height.

Question 135

In Synder's 2015 paper "Caudal Mandibular Bone Height and Buccal Cortical Bone Thickness Measured by Computed Tomography in Healthy Dogs," dogs of all weight groups had cortical bone thickness of < 2mm at which location? ## Footnote Vet Surg 2015

Answer 135

3mm ventral from the alveolar margin at all locations 6mm ventral from alveolar margin over mesial root of M1

Question 136

In Synder's 2015 paper "Caudal Mandibular Bone Height and Buccal Cortical Bone Thickness Measured by Computed Tomography in Healthy Dogs," what conclusions were made regarding placement of internal fixation devices? ## Footnote Vet Surg 2015

Answer 136

Place internal fixation achorage 6-9mm below alveolar margin not directly over roots of PM4 or M1 (aim for furcation or between roots)

Question 137

In Soltero-Rivera's 2015 paper "Benign and Malignant Proliferative Fibro-osseous and Osseous Lesions of the Oral Cavity of Dogs," what were the final diagnoses of the initially 15 diagnosed benign proliferative fibro-osseous lesions? ## Footnote Soltero-Rivera, Engiles, Reiter, Vet Pathol 2015

Answer 137

Ossifying fibroma 3 cases Fibrous dysplasia 4 cases Low-grade osteosarcoma 3 cases Osteoma 5 cases

Question 138

In Soltero-Rivera's 2015 paper "Benign and Malignant Proliferative Fibro-osseous and Osseous Lesions of the Oral Cavity of Dogs," what were the imaging and histo characteristics of low-grade osteosarcomas?

Answer 138

Lytic lesion with mixed opacity and ill-defined margins Benign +/- cytologic atypia (higher mitotic index), bone invasion

Question 139

In Holcombe's 2014 study "Early canine plaque biofilms: characterization of key bacterial interactions involved in initial colonization of enamel," what were the 3 most common bacterial species in healthy canine plaque? ## Footnote PLoS One 2014

Answer 139

Bergeyella zoohelcum Neisseria shayeganii Moraxella species

Question 140

What is the most common bacterial species in healthy human plaque? ## Footnote Holcombe, "Early canine plaque biofilms: characterization of key bacterial interactions involved in initial colonization of enamel," 2014 PLoS One

Answer 140

Streptococcal species ## Footnote relatively low abundance in canine early plaque

Question 141

True or False In Jennings' 2015 paper "Effect of tooth extraction on stomatitis in cats: 95 cases (2000-2013)," partial vs full mouth extractions was not associated with overall response to treatment? ## Footnote Jennings, Lewis, Soltero-Rivera, "Effect of tooth extraction on stomatitis in cats: 95 cases (2000-2013)." J Am Vet Med Assoc.

Answer 141

True

Question 142

In Jennings' 2015 paper "Effect of tooth extraction on stomatitis in cats: 95 cases (2000-2013)," following tooth extractions what percentage of cats had substantial clinical improvement, what percentage had resolution, and what percentage of these cats required extended medical management to achieve positive outcome? ## Footnote Jennings, Lewis, Soltero-Rivera, "Effect of tooth extraction on stomatitis in cats: 95 cases (2000-2013)." J Am Vet Med Assoc.

Answer 142

Substantial clinical improvement 39% Complete resolution 28% EMM to achieve positive outcome in 69%

Question 143

In O'Neil's 2014 paper "Prevalence of disorders recorded in cats attending primary-care veterinary practices in England," what was the most prevalent diagnosis-level distorder and the most prevalent disorder group? ## Footnote Vet J 2014

Answer 143

Periodontal disease 14% Dental conditions 15% ## Footnote No increased prevalence of common disorders between purebred and crossbred cats

Question 144

In Aalderink's 2015 article "Dental and Temporomandibular Joint Pathology of the Northern Fur Seal (Callorhinus ursinus)," what was the prevalence of TMJ osteoarthritis? ## Footnote J Comp Pathol 2015

Answer 144

20%

Question 145

In Collins and Soukup's 2015 paper "Quantitative comparison of mathematical models to measure surface area of canine teeth prepared to receive full veneer crowns in dogs," which mathematical model(s) had the best association with actual surface area and which model had the most accurate estimation of crown surface area? | Frontiers 2015

Answer 145

H3 and B3 Most accurate estimation of crown surface area: right elliptical frustrum (H3)

Question 146

In Collins and Soukup's 2015 paper "Quantitative Comparison of Mathematical Models to Measure Surface Area of Canine Teeth Prepared to Receive Full Veneer Crowns in Dogs," which model is recommend for chair side/clinical use? ## Footnote Frontiers 2015

Answer 146

E1 (right circular cone): requires only two measurements and a comparatively simple equation for calculation

Question 147

CT shows how many more times injuries than skull rads? ## Footnote Soukup JW, Snyder CJ. Traumatic Dentoalveolar and Maxillofacial Injuries in Cats: Overview of diagnosis and management. J Feline Med Surg. 2014 Nov;16(11):915-27.

Answer 147

4.7x more injuries

Question 148

What is the prevalence of traumatic dentoalveolar injuries in healthy dogs and cats? What is the prevalence of TDI in patients with concurrent maxillofacial trauma? ## Footnote Soukup JW, Snyder CJ. Traumatic Dentoalveolar and Maxillofacial Injuries in Cats: Overview of diagnosis and management. J Feline Med Surg. 2014 Nov;16(11):915-27.

Answer 148

Healthy dogs and cats 27% Concurrent maxillofacial trauma 72%

Question 149

What characteristics of cleft lips necessitate surgical intervention? ## Footnote Fiani N, Verstraete FJ, Arzi B. Reconstruction of Congenital Nose, Cleft Primary Palate, and Lip Disorders. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2016

Answer 149

Clefts involving the nasal floor, alveolar margin, and incisive bone should be repaired

Question 150

At what age is repair of clefts of the primary palate recommended? ## Footnote Fiani N, Verstraete FJ, Arzi B. Reconstruction of Congenital Nose, Cleft Primary Palate, and Lip Disorders. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2016

Answer 150

When all permanent incisors and canines have erupted: 4-6 months ## Footnote Surgical manipulation of the palatal mucoperiosteum in puppies has been shown to interfere with and retard maxillary growth.

Question 151

During this primary cleft lip repair, what muscle is the instrument pointing to? ## Footnote Fiani N, Verstraete FJ, Arzi B. Reconstruction of Congenital Nose, Cleft Primary Palate, and Lip Disorders. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2016

Answer 151

Orbicularis oris muscle

Question 152

This image shows what defect? ## Footnote Fiani N, Verstraete FJ, Arzi B. Reconstruction of Congenital Nose, Cleft Primary Palate, and Lip Disorders. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2016

Answer 152

Bifid nose ## Footnote Only 1 report in veterinary literature

Question 153

What repair technique was recommended for this severe bilateral primary palate cleft? ## Footnote Fiani N, Verstraete FJ, Arzi B. Reconstruction of Congenital Nose, Cleft Primary Palate, and Lip Disorders. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2016

Answer 153

Salvage incisivectomy

Question 154

In Peralta's 2015 paper "Non-Radiation-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Dogs: 14 Cases (1996-2014)," what percentage of ONJ sites were associated with sites of recently extracted teeth? ## Footnote Peralta S, Arzi B, Nemec A, Lommer MJ, Verstraete FJ. Non-Radiation-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Dogs: 14 Cases (1996-2014). Front Vet Sci. 2015

Answer 154

63%

Question 155

In Peralta's 2015 paper "Non-Radiation-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Dogs: 14 Cases (1996-2014)," did ONJ sites occur more commonly on the mandible or maxilla, what was the primary conclusion regarding CT and extent of ONJ lesions, and what breed may have a predisposition for ONJ? ## Footnote Peralta S, Arzi B, Nemec A, Lommer MJ, Verstraete FJ. Non-Radiation-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Dogs: 14 Cases (1996-2014). Front Vet Sci. 2015

Answer 155

Maxilla 60% On CT Bone loss extended beyond clinically and radiographically detectable ONJ sites Scottish Terriers

Question 156

In Nemec's 2015 study "Osteonecrosis of the jaws in dogs in previously irradiated fields: 13 cases (1989-2014) all cases of osteonecrosis were on the same side of previously irradiated mucosal tumors," which of the following is most correct? A. all cases of osteonecrosis were on the same side of previously irradiated mucosal tumors B. 12/13 cases had major surgery prior to RT C. 7/13 cases developed ORNJ after dental extractions D. 1 case of ORNJ developed on the mandible opposite of radiation ## Footnote Nemec A, Arzi B, Hansen K, Murphy BG, Lommer MJ, Peralta S, Verstraete FJ. Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Dogs in Previously Irradiated Fields: 13 Cases (1989-2014). Front Vet Sci. 2015 Apr 1;2:5.

Answer 156

D. 1 case of ORNJ developed on the mandible opposite of radiation ## Footnote A. all cases of osteonecrosis were on the same side of previously irradiated mucosal tumors - **1 on the contralateral mandible ** B. **3/13 **cases had major surgery prior to RT C. **3/13** cases developed ORNJ after dental extractions

Question 157

In Arzi's 2016 paper "Therapeutic Efficacy of Fresh, Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Severe Refractory Gingivostomatitis in Cats," which of the following is correct? A. Normalization of CD4/CD8 ratio by 6 months in ⅘ responder cats B. Cats with > 15% cytotoxic CD8 T cells → 100% responsive to ASC therapy C. Cats that responsed to therapy had increased numbers of neutrophils, interferon gamma, and circulating CD8+ T cells D. Cats that responded to ASC transfusion had decreased serum IL-6 levels following treatment ## Footnote Arzi B, Mills-Ko E, Verstraete FJ, Kol A, Walker NJ, Badgley MR, Fazel N, Murphy WJ, Vapniarsky N, Borjesson DL. Therapeutic Efficacy of Fresh, Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Severe Refractory Gingivostomatitis in Cats. Stem Cells Transl Med. 2016

Answer 157

A. Normalization of CD4/CD8 ratio by 6 months in ⅘ responder cats ## Footnote B. Cats with **< 15% **cytotoxic CD8 T cells → 100% responsive to ASC therapy C. Cats that responsed to therapy had **decreased **numbers of neutrophils, interferon gamma, and circulating CD8+ T cells D. Cats that responded to ASC transfusion had **increased **serum IL-6 levels following treatment

Question 158

In Heidenreich's 2016 study "Nasopharyngeal Dimensions from ComputedTomography of Pugs and French Bulldogs With Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome," what was the smallest nasopharyngeal cross-sectional area in both breeds, which breed had the smallest nasopharyngeal cross-sectional area, and which breed had the smaller soft palate? ## Footnote Heidenreich D, Gradner G, Kneissl S, Dupr´e G. Nasopharyngeal Dimensions from Computed Tomography of Pugs and French Bulldogs With Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome. Vet Surg. 2016 Jan;45(1):83-90.

Answer 158

Smallest cross sectional area: dorsal to the caudal end of the soft palate Breed with smallest cross-sectional area: Pugs Smaller soft palate: Pugs

Question 159

In Gracis 2014 study describing the lesions secondary to caudal malocclusion in cats, what causes did they suggest? ## Footnote Gracis M, Molinari E, Ferro S Caudal mucogingival lesions secondary to traumatic dental occlusion in 27 cats: Macroscopic and microscopic description, treatment and follow-up.J Feline Med Surg. 2014

Answer 159

acquired overbite (possibly secondary to selective dental extraction), congenital or post-traumatic malocclusion, abnormal latero-lateral mobility of the mandible, occlusal drift of the premolar and molar teeth, and/or alveolar bone expansion

Question 160

In Kögel et al's paper studying analgesic effects of tramadol, morphine and tapentadol, what was the conclusion on Tramadol? ## Footnote Kögel B, Terlinden R, Schneider J. Characterisation of tramadol, morphine and tapentadol in an acute pain model in Beagle dogs.Vet Anaesth Analg. 2014 May;41(3):297-304

Answer 160

tramadol did not induce antinociception at any dose tested ## Footnote Tapentadol and morphine induced dose-dependent antinociception

Question 161

In LaDoucer's case report on an odontogeneic keratocyst in a cat, how long had the mandibular swelling been present? ## Footnote LaDouceur EE, Walker KS, Mohr FC, Murphy B. Odontogenic Keratocyst in a Cat.J Comp Pathol. 2014 August - October

Answer 161

3 years

Question 162

In Ambros et al paper on fentanyl CRIs in cats, what forms of nociception did the CRI block? ## Footnote Ambros B, Alcorn J, Duke-Novakovski T, et al. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a constant rate infusion of fentanyl (5 μg/kg/h) in awake cats. Am J Vet Res. 2014 Aug;75(8):716-21.

Answer 162

Fentanyl CRI (5 μg/kg/h) induced mechanical and thermal antinociception in cats

Question 163

In Marshall's study on PD in miniature schnauzers, what aspect of the incisors was statistically sig likely to have PD? ## Footnote Marshall MD, Wallis CV, Milella L, Harris S, et al.A longitudinal assessment of periodontal disease in 52 Miniature Schnauzers. BMC Vet Res. 2014 Sep 1;10(1):166.

Answer 163

Lingual aspect (like humans!)

Question 164

In the Martin-Flores paper in 2014 about mouth gags in cats, what arteries are compressed with mouth opening? ## Footnote Martin-Flores M, Scrivani P, Loew E, et al. Maximal and submaximal mouth opening with mouth gags in cats: Implications for maxillary artery blood flow.Vet J. 2014 Apr;200(1):60-4. Epub 2014 Feb 12.

Answer 164

Maxillary arteries -- supply rentiae and brain

Question 165

In Müller's paper on diet effect on malocclusions in Guinea pigs, which teeth were affected by feeding whole hay? ## Footnote Müller J, Clauss M, Codron D, et al. Tooth length and incisal wear and growth in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) fed diets of different abrasiveness.J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2014

Answer 165

Maxillary incisors ## Footnote Cheek tooth angle did not be-come shallower with decreasing diet abrasiveness, suggesting that a lack of dietary abrasiveness does not cause the typical ‘bridge formation’ of anterior cheek teeth frequently observed in guinea pigs

Question 166

In Holcombe's in vitro study on early plaque colinizers, what genus was represented in 3/5 colonies? ## Footnote Holcombe LJ, Patel N, Colyer A, et al. Early canine plaque biofilms: characterization of key bacterial interactions involved in initial colonization of enamel.PLoS One. 2014

Answer 166

genus Neisseria

Question 167

In Kortegaard's study on pulp exposure in sled dogs undergoing canine crown shortening at an early age, what was the prevalence of periapical lucency when pulp was exposed? ## Footnote Kortegaard HE, Anthony Knudsen T, Dahl S, et al.Consequences of crown shortening canine teeth in Greenland sled dogs. J Small Anim Pract. 2015

Answer 167

In dogs with pulp exposure of canines (n = 51) the prevalence of periapical pathology was 82.4%, but only 0.8% in dogs without pulp exposure (n = 133)

Question 168

What was the prevalence of dental disorders in cats presenting to a primary clinic in UK? ## Footnote O’Neill DG, Church DB, McGreevy PD, et al. Prevalence of disorders recorded in cats attending primary-care veterinary practices in England. Vet J. 2014 A

Answer 168

15%

Question 169

What % of cases with mandibular swelling had correlated dental disease on CT in the population of Guinea pigs studied? ## Footnote Schweda MC, Hassan J, Böhler A, et al. The role of computed tomography in the assessment of dental disease in 66 guinea pigs.Vet Rec. 2014 Jul 23

Answer 169

92%

Question 170

In Bell and Soukup's study on alveolar bone expansion in cats, what dental diseases was it associated with? ## Footnote Bell CM, Soukup JW. Histologic, Clinical, and Radiologic Findings of Alveolar Bone Expansion and Osteomyelitis of the Jaws in Cats. Vet Pathol. 2015 Jun 25. [Ep

Answer 170

Alveolar bone expansion and osteomyelitis in cats occurs in conjunction with periodontal inflammation and frequently with tooth resorption

Question 171

What did Lee et al conclude about the 3 materials compared in vital pulp therapy in dogs? ProRoot MTA, RetroMTA, and TheraCal ## Footnote Lee H, Shin Y, Kim SO, et al. Comparative Study of Pulpal Responses to Pulpotomy with ProRoot MTA, RetroMTA, and TheraCal in Dogs’ Teeth. J Endod. 2015 May 23

Answer 171

RetroMTA could provide an alternative to ProRoot MTA. Both materials produced favorable pulpal responses that were similar in nature, whereas TheraCal produced less favorable pulpal responses

Question 172

In the genetic study by Wolf et al about genes for cleft lip/palate in dogs and humans, was gene was implicated? ## Footnote Wolf ZT, Brand HA, Shaffer JR, et al. Genome-wide association studies in dogs and humans identify ADAMTS20 as a risk variant for cleft lip and palate. PLoS Genet. 2015 Mar 23;11(3):e1005059.

Answer 172

this study provides genetic evidence for a role of ADAMTS20 in CL/P development in dogs and as a candidate gene for CL/P development in humans

Question 173

In Arzi's 2016 paper "Regenerative Approach to Bilateral Rostral Mandibular Reconstruction in a Case Series of Dogs," how many dogs experienced complications, and when was newly regenerated mandibular bone evident on CT? ## Footnote Arzi, Cissell, Pollard, Verstraete Front Vet Sci. 2015;2:4. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2015.00004

Answer 173

2 dogs experienced focal plate exposure and wound dehiscence respectively CT newly regenerated mandibular bone 6 months post op

Question 174

In Bonfanti's 2016 paper "Diagnostic value of cytological analysis of tumours and tumour-like lesions of the oral cavity in dogs and cats: A prospective study on 114 cases," what tumor type was most commonly excluded due to nondiagnostic samples, and which cytologic method had the highest agreement with histo? ## Footnote The Veterinary Journal 2015. Volume 205

Answer 174

POFs were 44% of the excluded cases FNI had the highest agreement with histo

Question 175

In Bonfanti's 2016 paper "Diagnostic value of cytological analysis of tumours and tumour-like lesions of the oral cavity in dogs and cats: A prospective study on 114 cases," for oral tumors what was agreement with histo for dogs and cats overall? ## Footnote The Veterinary Journal 2015. Volume 205

Answer 175

Dogs 85% Cats 100% ## Footnote Neoplasms diagnosed in 84% of cases 84% of neoplasms malignant Dogs → 75% malignant Cats → 62% malignant

Question 176

What is the characteristic histologic pattern of Canine Chronic Ulcerative Stomatitis? ## Footnote Anderson, "Clinical and Histopathologic Characterization of Canine Chronic Ulcerative Stomatitis," Vet Pathol 2017

Answer 176

Dense lichenoid lymphocytic-plasmacytic infiltrate at the interface between the mucosal epithelium and subepithelial connective tissue represented by CD79a + B cells, plasma cells, CD3 + T cells, and Treg cells (interface mucositis).

Question 177

In Anderson's 2017 article "Clinical and Histopathologic Characterization of Canine Chronic Ulcerative Stomatitis," what cell types were found to be present in canine chronic ulcerative stomatitis? ## Footnote Anderson, "Clinical and Histopathologic Characterization of Canine Chronic Ulcerative Stomatitis," Vet Pathol 2017

Answer 177

Fox P3+ cells (Treg cells) IL-17 producing non-T cells

Question 178

In Vapalahti's 2016 study "Health and behavioral survey of over 8000 Finnish cats," what was the prevalence of dental and oral diseases?

Answer 178

28%: most prevalent disease category

Question 179

In Strom's 2016 article "Ankylosis and pseudoankylosis of the temporomandibular joint in 10 dogs (1993-2015)," how many dogs had ankylosis vs pseudoankylosis and how many surgically treated dogs never regained the ability to open their mouths fully?" ## Footnote Strøm PC, Arzi B, Cissell DD, Verstraete FJ Ankylosis and pseudoankylosis of the temporomandibular joint in 10 dogs (1993-2015). Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2016;29(5):409-15

Answer 179

ankylosis: 2 dogs pseudoankylosis: 7 dogs Ankylosis + pseudoankylosis: 1 dog 6/9 dogs never regained full range of motion (8/9 regained ability to open mouth)

Question 180

What were the 4 Key ideal components of an FCGS study identified in Winer's 2016 review "Therapeutic Management of Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature," and did any articles meet all 4 components? ## Footnote Winer, Arzi, Verstraete. Frontiers 2016.

Answer 180

- Large enough study population to be representative - Prospective experimental design - Quantitative or at least semi-quantitative scoring system for disease severity - Long enough duration of follow up to convince the reader that the results will be sustained indefinitely - No articles met all 4 components

Question 181

In Riggs and Arzi's 2016 study "Clinical application of cone-beam computed tomography of the rabbit head: part 1—normal dentition," was conventional or CBCT superior to imaging the dentition and periodontal ligament? ## Footnote Riggs, Arzi, Cissell, Verstraete. Frontiers 2016.

Answer 181

CBCT

Question 182

In Riggs and Arzi's 2016 study "Clinical application of cone beam computed tomography of the rabbit head: part 2—dental disease," what was the association between CBCT findings and conscious oral exam findings? ## Footnote Riggs, Arzi, Cissell, Verstraete. Frontiers 2016.

Answer 182

There was no sig associations between CBCT findings and clinically detectable oral exam findings other than coronal elongations being sig associated with apical elongation

Question 183

In Langeneckert's 2015 paper "Cheek tooth extraction via a minimally invasive transbuccal approach and intradental screw placement in 54 equids," all dental material was successfully removed in what percentage of cases? ## Footnote Vet Surg 2015

Answer 183

81% of cases

Question 184

Mullins 2016 paper "Use of a split-thickness soft palate hinged flap and bilateral buccal mucosal rotation flaps for one-stage repair of a bilateral hypoplastic soft palate in a dog," suggests that this technique may be most suited to dogs with what anatomical feature? ## Footnote JAVMA 2016

Answer 184

When a pseudovulva is not a prominent feature

Question 185

In Okamura's 2017 paper "Mandibular reconstruction by using a liquid nitrogentreated autograft in a dog with an oral tumor," what was the final outcome of the case? ## Footnote J Am Animal Hosp Assoc 2017

Answer 185

Following reimplantation of the mandible the melanoma recurred 159 days after reconstructive surgery. Patient was then treated with a subtotal hemimandibulectomy

Question 186

In Santos's 2017 study "Insight of dogs’ inner mandible anatomy using mathematical models," what physical parameters were associated with mandibular anatomy? ## Footnote Anat Histol Embryol 2017

Answer 186

Patient weight Canine tooth width at the free gingival margin

Question 187

Villamizar-Martinez's 2016 case report "Benign cementoblastoma (true cementoma) in a cat," what treatment was performed and what was the outcome? ## Footnote Villamizar-Martinez LA, Reiter AM, Sanchez MD, Soltero-Rivera. JFMS 2016.

Answer 187

Marginal rim excision No evidence of tumor recurrence 6 months after surgery

Question 188

In Sarowitz's 2017 article "Outcome and prognostic factors following curative-intent surgery for oral tumours in dogs: 234 cases (2004 to 2014)," MST was shortest for what tumor type(s), local recurrence rates were highest for what tumor type, and distant metastasis was highest for what tumor type?" ## Footnote J Small Am Pract 2017.

Answer 188

- MST shortest for malignant melanoma (206 days) followed by osteosarcoma (209 days) - Local recurrence highest for fibrosarcoma (54%) - Distant metastasis highest for malignant melanoma (30%)

Question 189

In Liptak's 2017 case report "Reconstruction of a mandibular segmental defect with a customized 3-dimensional-printed titanium prosthesis in a cat with a mandibular osteosarcoma," what was the outcome? ## Footnote JAVMA 2017.

Answer 189

No signs of eating difficulties after surgery Alive and disease free 14 months postoperatively

Question 190

In Greiner's 2017 study "Biomechanical evaluation of two plating configurations for fixation of a simple transverse caudal mandibular fracture model in cats," which construct was mechanically stronger? ## Footnote Greiner, Verstraete, Arzi. Am J Vet Res 2017.

Answer 190

The locking construct --> peak bending moment and stiffness sig greater than non locking construct ## Footnote both fixation constructs mechanically inferior to intact mandibles

Question 191

In Blazejewski's 2018 article "Trismus, masticatory myositis and antibodies against type 2M fibers in a mixed breed cat," what testing and results were performed? ## Footnote JVD 2018, Issue 3

Answer 191

ELISA 2M antibody titers 1:1000 Post mortum histopath --> end stage MMM

Question 192

In MacLellan's 2018 paper "Intraoperative and postoperative complications of partial maxillectomy for the treatment of oral tumors in dogs," what were the most prevalence intraoperative complications and the approach with least complications?

Answer 192

Excessive surgical bleeding 53% of cases with 43% recieving transfusions Intraoral approaches were shorter and had less complications

Question 193

In Malberg's 2017 paper "Acanthomatous ameloblastoma with atypical foci in five dogs," what was the outcome for the 5 dogs? ## Footnote J Vet Diagn Invest 2017

Answer 193

Complete excision in 3 dogs, incomplete excision in 2 dogs, no local recurrence or metastasis in any case follow up 6-30 months

Question 194

In Druet's 2017 paper "Relationship between Feline calicivirus load, oral lesions, and outcome in feline chronic gingivostomatitis (Caudal Stomatitis): retrospective study in 104 cats," which of the following is most correct? A. FCV load was correlated with severity of oral lesions B. Presence of lingual ulcers was significantly correlated with FCV load. C. Clinical cure was achieved in 70% of cats D. The extent of teeth extraction was found to influence the clinical outcome

Answer 194

A. FCV load was **NOT **correlated with severity of oral lesions **B. Presence of lingual ulcers was significantly correlated with FCV load.** C. Clinical cure was achieved in **52%** of cats D. The extent of teeth extraction was **NOT** found to influence the clinical outcome ## Footnote Relationship between Feline calicivirus load, oral lesions, and outcome in feline chronic gingivostomatitis (Caudal Stomatitis): retrospective study in 104 cats. Front Vet Sci. 2017

Question 195

In Liuti and Dixon's 2017 paper " comparison of computed tomographic, radiographic, gross and histological, dental, and alveolar findings in 30 abnormal cheek teeth from equine cadavers," what percent correlation was present between CT and histology? ## Footnote Front Vet Sci. 2018

Answer 195

94.6% of apically infected cheek teeth ## Footnote confirms accuary of CT imaging in diagnosing equine pulpar/apical infections There was an excellent correlation between CT and histological alveolar bone findings

Question 196

In Nau's 2018 paper "Rostral mandibular fracture repair in a pet bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps)," how was the fracture repaired and when was healing documented? ## Footnote J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2018

Answer 196

Interfragmentary wiring and an external fixator 3 months bony callus formation and external fixator removed Recheck rads 5.5 months complete osseous union

Question 197

An autosomal recessivemutation in what gene is associated with enamel hypoplasia in Samoyeds and what does this gene do?

Answer 197

SCL24A4 encodes a protein involved in potassium- dependent sodium/calcium exchange and transport ## Footnote Pedersen, Shope. "An autosomal recessive mutation in SCL24A4 causing enamel hypoplasia in Samoyed and its relationship to breed-wide genetic diversity." Canine Genet Epidemiol. 2017

Question 198

In Trevejo's 2018 study "Survival analysis to evaluate associations between periodontal disease and the risk of development of chronic azotemic kidney disease in cats evaluated at primary care veterinary hospitals," what were the associations between CKD and PD? ## Footnote J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2018;

Answer 198

PD was associated with increased risk of CKD Risk highest for cats with PD stage 3 or 4 risk of CKD increased with age

Question 199

In Marshall-Jones 2017 study "Assessment of dental plaque coverage by Quantitative Light-induced Fluorescence (QLF) in domestic short- haired cats," what was the main result? ## Footnote Res Vet Sci. 2017

Answer 199

QLF was determined to be a reliable, reproducible method for the assessment of plaque deposition in cats and requires fewer subjects for the detection of differences between treat- ment effects compared to the modified Logan and Boyce method.

Question 200

in Doring's 2018 paper "Evaluation of the diagnostic yield of dental radiography and cone-beam computed tomography for the identification of dental disorders in small to medium- sized brachycephalic dogs," what was the diagnostic yield of CBCT compared to RAD? ## Footnote Doring, Hatcher, Verstraete. Am J Vet Res 2018.

Answer 200

Diagnostic yield of CBCT sig higher for 4/10 categories (abnormal eruption, abnormally shaped roots, periodontitis, tooth resorption) ## Footnote HIgher, though not stat sig, for all categories except loss of tooth integrity

Question 201

In Doring's 2018 study "Evaluation of the diagnostic yield of dental radiography and cone-beam computed tomography for the identification of anatomic landmarks in small to medium-sized brachycephalic dogs," what were the differences in diagnostic yield for CBCT and RAD? ## Footnote Verstraete. Am J Vet Res. 2018;

Answer 201

Rad scores were significantly lower than scores for reconstructed panoramic views for 8 anatomic landmarks, tridimensional rendering for 18 anatomic landmarks, and serial CBCT slices and custom cross sections for all 19 anatomic landmarks

Question 202

In Peralta's 2017 paper "Morphological evaluation of clefts of the lip, palate, or both in dogs," what image demonstrates the most common morphologic form of cleft palate? ## Footnote Peralta, Fiani, Verstraete. J Am Vet Res 2017

Answer 202

C. pyriform (43% of cleft palates)

Question 203

In Peralta's 2017 paper "Morphological evaluation of clefts of the lip, palate, or both in dogs," C or D represents the most common morphologic type of cleft soft palate defect?

Answer 203

D. Parallel most common at 57% ## Footnote C. is divergent type

Question 204

In Peralta's 2017 paper "Morphological evaluation of clefts of the lip, palate, or both in dogs," what type of clefts were most common in brachycephalic skull type dogs?

Answer 204

Cleft lip, cleft lip and palate but not cleft palate alone

Question 205

In Peralta's 2017 paper "Morphological evaluation of clefts of the lip, palate, or both in dogs," the vomer was malformed or insufficient what percent of dogs with cleft palates?

Answer 205

74%

Question 206

In Mestrinho's 2018 paper "Oral and dental anomalies in purebred, brachycephalic Persian and Exotic cats," malocclusions, periodontal disease and tooth resorption were observed in what percent of cats? ## Footnote JAVMA 2018

Answer 206

Malocclusions 72% Periodontal disease 88% Tooth resorption 70% ## Footnote Malpositioned teeth were noted in 32 (64%) cats, with abnormal orientation being the most common anomaly

Question 207

In Rigg's 2018 paper "Outcomes following surgical excision or surgical excision combined with adjunctive, hypofractionated radiotherapy in dogs with oral squamous cell carcinoma or fibrosarcoma," what tumor type had significantly longer MST when incompletely excised tumors were treated with radiotherapy? ## Footnote JAVMA 2018

Answer 207

SCC No protective value for FSA ## Footnote Dogs undergoing postoperative radiotherapy after incomplete exci- sion of oral SCCs had a significantly longer MST (2,051 days) than did dogs with incompletely excised tumors and no radio- therapy (MST, 181 days).

Question 208

In Saverino's 2018 paper "Clinical Presentation, Causes, Treatment, and Outcome of Lip Avulsion Injuries in Dogs and Cats: 24 Cases (2001-2017)," what were the most common causes and type of lip avulsions in dogs and cats respectively? ## Footnote Saverino, Reiter. Frontiers 2018

Answer 208

Cats vehicular trauma Dogs animal bite bilateral rostral upper lip avulsions most common in dogs bilateral rostral lower lip avulsions most common in cats ## Footnote Surgical therapy successful for all cases Tooth fractures reported in 35% cases dogs and cats

Question 209

In Southerden's 2018 study "Three Dimensional Osteometric Analysis of Mandibular Symmetry and Morphological Consistency in Cats," what was the most consistent measurement between cats, and what structure had a strong correlation between height, width and length? ## Footnote Frontiers 2018

Answer 209

lateral ramus inclination angle Ramus

Question 210

In Allan's 2019 study, "Prospective randomised blinded clinical trial assessing effectiveness of three dental plaque control methods in dogs," daily tooth brushing was how many times more effective at plaque control as dental chews and dental diets? ## Footnote Small Anim Pract 2019

Answer 210

More than 3 times as effective

Question 211

In Soltero-Rivera's 2018 study "Fracture Limits of Maxillary Fourth Premolar Teeth in Domestic Dogs Under Applied Force," what variable was significantly associated with maximum fracture force? ## Footnote Soltero-Rivera, Castejon-Gonzalez, Reiter. Frontiers 2019

Answer 211

crown height to diameter ratio (p < 0.005), decreased ratio increases tooth fracture resistance

Question 212

In Heney's 2019 study "The Diagnostic Yield of Dental Radiography and Cone- Beam Computed Tomography for the Identification of Dentoalveolar Lesions in Cats," the diagnostic yield of what categories was significantly higher for CBCT than RAD? ## Footnote Heney, Arzi, Hatcher, Verstraete. Front Vet Sci 2019.

Answer 212

4/14: missing teeth, horizontal bone loss, loss of tooth integrity, feline resorptive lesions ## Footnote Higher but not significantly for 9/14 categories (supernumer- ary teeth, supernumerary roots, abnormally shaped roots, vertical bone loss, buccal bone expansion, periapical dis- ease, inflammatory root resorption, and external replace- ment root resorption)

Question 213

In Heney's 2019 paper "Diagnostic Yield of Dental Radiography and Cone-Beam Computed Tomography for the Identification of Anatomic Structures in Cats," differences among the DR and 3 CBCT views were noted for how many out of 17 structures?

Answer 213

17/22 anatomic structures ## Footnote Pano view 6 structures 3D rendering 10 structures MPR 17 structures

Question 214

In Finch's 2016 article "Risk Factors for Development of Chronic Kidney Disease in Cats," what are the

Question 215

In Vermeiren's 2022 paper "Age estimation in young dogs by radiographic assessment of the canine pulp cavity/tooth width ratio," what age of dogs had the highest predictable capacity at what pulp/tooth width ratio? ## Footnote Anat Histol Embryol. 2022

Answer 215

448 days --> 84% canine teeth had a P/T ratio above 0.39

Question 216

In Van den Broeck's 2022 study "Time and sequence of emergence of the deciduous dentition in dogs and its applicability for age estimation," what tooth was suggested to be used to provide the best predictive capability for determining if a puppy is 8 weeks old?

Answer 216

deciduous third premolars

Question 217

In Kelley's 2023 study "Prognostic indicators for feline craniofacial trauma: a retrospective study of 114 cases," what were the negative prognostic indicators identified? ## Footnote Frontiers 2023

Answer 217

intact males, vehicular and animal altercations, lower MGCS cumulative scores, higher ATT scores, and the presence of altered mentation

Question 218

In Soltero-Rivera's 2023 article "Mesenchymal stromal cell therapy for feline chronic gingivostomatitis: Long term experience," what was the overall positive response rate and what percent of cats exhibited permanent improvement or cure? ## Footnote Frontiers 2023

Answer 218

Overall positive response rate 65% Permanent improvement or care 58%

Question 219

In Soltero-Rivera's 2023 article "Mesenchymal stromal cell therapy for feline chronic gingivostomatitis: Long term experience," was there a correlation with outcome for allogenic vs autologous stem cells and what was predictive of longterm response? ## Footnote Frontiers 2023

Answer 219

No sig correlation with outcome for allogenic vs autologous stem cells The response to treatment status at 6 months was predictive of long -term response

Question 220

In Ricucci's 2022 study "Outcome of Direct Pulp Capping Using Calcium Hydroxide: A Long-term Retrospective Study," what was the main variable that influenced outcome? ## Footnote J Endo 2023

Answer 220

The quality of the coronal restoration

Question 221

In Dao's 2023 article "Prevalence and Characteristics of Root Resorption Identified in Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Scans," what percentage of teeth with resorption were incidental findings? ## Footnote J Endod 2023

Answer 221

31%

Question 222

In Hedge's 2023 study "Effect of preoperative oral steroids in comparison to anti-inflammatory on anesthetic success of inferior alveolar nerve block in mandibular molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis—A double-blinded randomized clinical trial," What were the success rates of the IANB after administration of dexamethasone, ketorolac and prednisolone vs the placebo? ## Footnote J Endod 2023

Answer 222

Treatment groups IANB success rates 56-65% Control 22% ## Footnote No stat sig differences among treatment groups

Question 223

In Yun's 2022 article "The effect of 3-D printed polylactic acid scaffold with and without hyaluronic acid on bone regeneration," the bone volume/tissue volume ratio was significantly higher in what treatment groups?

Answer 223

The bone volume/tissue volume ratio was significantly higher in the 3D printed polylactic acid with HA groups at 12 weeks compared to the group without HA. No diff at 4 weeks This was tested in Calvaria defects in rabbits

Question 224

In Perry's 2022 article "Clinical evaluation of Er,Cr:YSGG laser therapy used as an adjunct to non-surgical treatment of periodontitis: Twelve- month results from a pilot study," what pocket depths were associated with improved outcome in the treatment group compared to the control? ## Footnote J Perio 2022

Answer 224

greater than or equal to 7mm pockets ## Footnote Adjunctive Er,Cr:YSGG laser therapy with SRP provides similar clinical improvement in the treat- ment of moderate-severe periodontitis

Question 225

In Naira's 2022 study "Open flap debridement compared to repeated applications of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of residual pockets: A randomized clinical trial," the open flap debridement group (OFD) and photodynamic therapy groups (aPDT) were were superior at reducing what indices specifically? ## Footnote Human randomized control study Residual pockets were divided between two groups: (1) aPDT group: received ultrasonic periodon- tal debridement followed by immediate application of aPDT, and repeated on1st, 2nd, 7th, and 14th days; and (2) OFD group: treated by modified papilla preservation technique, where granula- tion tissue and visible calculus were removed with hand curettes and an ultrasonic device.

Answer 225

OFD: superior at reducing deep pockets, only group to reduce A. actinomycemtemcomitans levels aPDT: produced less GR, dentin sensitivity ## Footnote Both reduced P. gingivalis levels

Question 226

In Kapa's 2022 paper "Coronally Advanced Flap Combined With Sticky Bone and i-PRF-Coated Collagen Membrane to Treat Single Maxillary Gingival Recessions: Case Series," how many cases achieved complete root coverage and what Miller's class of gingival recession lesions were treated? ## Footnote Clin Adv Periodontics. 2022

Answer 226

12/16 cases complete root coverage Miller's Class I or II lesions ## Footnote Class 1: marginal tissue recession that does not extend to the MGJ Class 2: Marginal tissue recession that extends to or beyond the MGJ with no periodontal attachment loss in the interdental area

Question 227

In Rayyan's 2022 article "Effect of Sodium Hypochlorite in Dental Unit Waterline on Aerosolized Bacteria Generated from Endodontic Procedures," aerosols were disseminated at what maximum distance from the patient's head? ## Footnote J Endo 2022

Answer 227

3m

Question 228

In Rayyan's 2022 article "Effect of Sodium Hypochlorite in Dental Unit Waterline on Aerosolized Bacteria Generated from Endodontic Procedures," what type of endodontic procedure generated the greatest bacteria load and what was the effect of adding 0.1% NaOCl to the waterlines? ## Footnote J Endo 2022

Answer 228

VPT generated the max number Adding 0.1% NaOCl to the lines sig reduced the bacterial load in all treatment groups

Question 229

In Subbiya's 2022 paper "Clinical Outcome of Nonsurgical Root Canal Treatment Using a Matched Single-Cone Obturation Technique with a Calcium Hydroxide-based Sealer: A Retrospective Analysis," what positive and negative prognostic indicators were identified?

Answer 229

Positive prognostic indicators: increased age Negative prognostic indicators: increase in number of roots, negative pulp sensibility status

Question 230

In Subbiya's 2022 paper "Clinical Outcome of Nonsurgical Root Canal Treatment Using a Matched Single-Cone Obturation Technique with a Calcium Hydroxide-based Sealer: A Retrospective Analysis," what factors did not affect outcome significantly?

Answer 230

Initial periapical index scores presence of preoperative sinus tract number of visits sealer extrusion

Question 231

In Bilyard's 2022 study "Prevalence and Etiology of Dentoalveolar Trauma in 1,592 United States Military Working Dogs: A 1-Year Retrospective Study," what was the overall prevalence of traumatic dental injury (TDI) and what was the most common type of injury? ## Footnote Frontiers 2022

Answer 231

Overall prevalence TDI 43.6% Most common TDI enamel-dentin-pulp fractures 39% ## Footnote Probability of TDI nearly double compared to pet population More than 1/4 MWDs required treatment

Question 232

In Haseler's 2023 study "Marsupialisation of 12 odontogenic cysts in Boxer dogs: Retrospective case series," what was the mean reduction in cystic volume following marsupialization over a mean of 138 days? ## Footnote Frontiers 2023

Answer 232

66.6%

Question 233

In O’Neill's 2021 study "Epidemiology of Periodontal Disease in Dogs in the UK Primary-Care Veterinary Setting," what was the overall prevalence rate of periodontal disease? ## Footnote J Small Anim Practice 2021

Answer 233

12.5%

Question 234

In O’Neill's 2021 study "Epidemiology of Periodontal Disease in Dogs in the UK Primary-Care Veterinary Setting," what breeds had the highest odds of developing periodontal disease and what types of dogs had greater odds of developing PD?

Answer 234

Toy poodles, King Charles Spaniel, Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, Greyhounds Brachycephalic breeds → 1.25 times odds of PD than mesocephalic breeds Spaniel types → 1.63 odds of PD vs non-Spaniel types ## Footnote Increasing adult BW → progressively decreasing odds of PD

Question 235

In Vitali's 2022 study "Association Between Orthodontic Force and Dental Pulp Changes: A Systematic Review of Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes," what were the main effects noted clinically and radiographically? ## Footnote Endodont 2022

Answer 235

Clinical findings: Increased pulp sensitivity and decreased pulp blood flow Rad findings: Changes in pulp cavity volume and increased incidence of pulp stones

Question 236

In Farhad's 2022 study "Effect of Citric Acid Versus EDTA on Radiographic Root Development in Regenerative Endodontic Treatment: An Animal Study," what were the effects of the two solutions on increase in root length and increase in root dentin thickness? ## Footnote Endodont 2022

Answer 236

No sig difference between the 2 solutions on increase in root length EDTA showed sig superior increase in root dentin thickness ## Footnote Authors concluded that use of citric acid vs EDTA not superior on radiographic root development

Question 237

In Ribeiro's 2022 study "Impact of Sodium Hypochlorite on Organic Tissue Dissolution in the Periapical Region of Immature Permanent Teeth: An Ex Vivo Study," which treatment group had the greatest tissue dissolution?

Answer 237

2.5% NaOCl with or without ultrasonic activation

Question 238

In Greene's 2022 article "The Anatomical Relationship Between the Mandibular First Molar Roots and the Mandibular Canal Based on Breed Size and Skull Type," what percentage of roots had lingual and buccal root locations specifically? ## Footnote Frontiers 2022

Answer 238

Lingual roots 50% Buccal roots 9.7%

Question 239

In Greene's 2022 article "The Anatomical Relationship Between the Mandibular First Molar Roots and the Mandibular Canal Based on Breed Size and Skull Type," roots were less likely to be lingual as size increase with the exception of what skull type? And buccal roots were most common in what skull type?

Answer 239

Large brachycephalic breeds (Boxers) had rates of lingual roots similar to smaller dogs Brachycephalic patients had 84% of all buccal roots

Question 240

In Castejon-Gonzalez's 2022 paper "Surgical Treatment and Outcome of Acquired Midline Palate Defects in Cats," what was the success rate and what complications were identified? ## Footnote Frontiers 2022

Answer 240

19/19 cats had successful surgical outcomes --> no ONFs Malocclusion was the only complication --> patients with malocclusions sig more likely to have TMJ injury, underwent CT scans or had a feeding tube placed ## Footnote All treatments were performed within 5 days of traumatic injury to hard and soft palates (all had soft palate defects)

Question 241

In Swami's 2022 article "Clinico-Radiographic Comparative Evaluation of 1% Metformin Gel Plus Platelet-Rich Fibrin Over Platelet-Rich Fibrin Alone in the Treatment of Grade II Furcation Defects: A Randomized Controlled Double-Blind Clinical Trial," which treatment group showed sig greater mean reductions clinical and radiographic parameters? ## Footnote Periodontol 2022

Answer 241

1% Metformin gel + PRF

Question 242

In Wolf's 2022 study "Craniomaxillofacial Trauma in Immature Dogs; Etiology, Treatments and Outcomes," how many bones or regions were fractured per dog and what was the main trauma etiology? ## Footnote Arzi, Verstraete Frontiers 2022

Answer 242

8.8 +/- 3.1 fractured bones or regions per dog Animal bites 71% of etiologies

Question 243

In Wolf's 2022 study "Craniomaxillofacial Trauma in Immature Dogs; Etiology, Treatments and Outcomes," what was the most prevalent treatment performed, what percentage of complications was reported, and further treatment was required in what percent of dogs? ## Footnote Arzi, Verstraete Frontiers 2022

Answer 243

Muzzling most common treatment 53% Complications occurred in 72% dogs (malocclusion most common 55% complications) Further treatment required in 55% dogs

Question 244

In Lee's 2022 paper "Radiographic Outcome of Root Canal Treatment in Dogs: 281 Teeth in 204 Dogs (2001-2018)," what percentage of cases were classified as successful, as NEF and failed? ## Footnote Arzi, Verstraete JAVMA 2022

Answer 244

Successful 71% NEF 25% Failed 4% ## Footnote Overall 96% success rate unchanged from previous 2002 paper

Question 245

In Chadsey's 2022 paper "Parotid Salivary Gland Extramedullary Plasmacytoma with Local Lymph Node Metastasis in a Dog," what diagnostics were performed to make the diagnosis and how long did the dog live following treatment? ## Footnote J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2022

Answer 245

FNA mass, CT, medial retropharyngeal LN aspirate, Incisonal biopsy of parotid mass --> extramedullary plasmacytoma confirmed IHC MUM-1 Dog remained alive for 685 following removal of parotid salivary gland and medial retropharyngeal LN

Question 246

In Rodriguez's 2021 paper "Fatal Complications of Nasogastric Tube Misplacement in Two Dogs," what were the suggestions to prevent fatal misplacement of the NG tube into the tracheobronchial tree? ## Footnote J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2021

Answer 246

two-view radiography, two-step insertion, capnography, laryngoscopic-assisted placement, and palpation of the NG tube in the stomach ## Footnote First case report of fatalities in vet patients due to incorrect NG intubation

Question 247

In Ricucci's 2021 article "Bacterial Invasion of Pulp Blood Vessels in Teeth with Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis," intravascular bacteria were not found in what segments of the canal? ## Footnote Endo 2021

Answer 247

No intravascular bacteria in the middle and apical segments of canal ## Footnote Bacterial invasion and colonization of necrotic areas were observed in the pulp of all teeth with caries exposure and symptomatic irreversible pulpitis

Question 248

In Sanz's 2021 study "Comparative Biological Properties and Mineralization Potential of 3 Endodontic Materials for Vital Pulp Therapy: Theracal PT, Theracal LC, and Biodentine on Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells," which material exhibited a sig higher cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species production? ## Footnote J Endo 2021

Answer 248

Theracal LC ## Footnote study suggests that TheraCal PT offers improved in vitro cytocompatibility and mineralization potential to its predecessor TheraCal LC

Question 249

In Wongtim's 2022 article "Overexpression Of PD-L1 In Gingival Basal Keratinocytes Reduces Periodontal Inflammation in A Ligature-Induced Periodontitis Model," what proinflammatory cytokines expression was markedly impaired in the K14/PD-L1tg mice? ## Footnote J Periodontol 2022

Answer 249

IL-1Beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha ## Footnote The immune checkpoint programmed cell death 1 (PD-1): PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway plays a crucial role in maintaining immune tolerance and preventing tissue damages by excessive immune responses.

Question 250

In Nitzche's 2022 article "The Gingiva of Horses with Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction: A Macroscopic Anatomical Evaluation," what changes in gingival architecture were noted in the PPID group? ## Footnote Frontiers 2022

Answer 250

Irregular and bulky appearance of gingival texture irregular shape of gingival margin Gingival sulcus depth greater than 1mm

Question 251

In Rigby's 2021 article "Impact of the Surgical Environment on the Incidence, Timing, and Severity of Complications Associated with Oromaxillofacial Oncologic Surgery in Dogs," what was the incidence of complications? ## Footnote Soukup Frontiers 2021

Answer 251

70%

Question 252

In Yu's 2021 study "The sialidase inhibitor, DANA, reduces Porphyromonas gingivalis pathogenicity and exerts anti-inflammatory effects: An in vitro and in vivo experiment," what was the inhibition rate of sialidase inhibitor 1mM DANA and what factors did it inhibit? ## Footnote J Periodontol 2021

Answer 252

inhibition rate 72% Inhibited TNF-alpha, IL-1Beta, iNOS

Question 253

In Miguel's 2021 study "Microcurrent electrotherapy improves palatal wound healing: Randomized clinical trial," the electrotherapy group achieved wound closure and epithelialization at what time points?

Answer 253

EE group achieved earlier wound closure and epithelialization at 7 and 14 days compared to control group Less pain also reported in treatment group

Question 254

In Nikolic-Jakoba's 2021 study "Effect of section thickness on cone beam computed tomography-based measurements of intrabony defects compared with clinical measurements," what differences between clinical and radiographic bone loss was detected with different section thicknesses? ## Footnote J Periodontol 2021

Answer 254

No statistically significant difference between clinical and radiographic bone level for 0.25 mm, 1 mm, and 3 mm CBCT section thicknesses were observed

Question 255

In Zhan's 2021 study "LPCGF and EDTA conditioning of the root surface promotes the adhesion, growth, migration and differentiation of periodontal ligament cells," significantly more adherent cells and upregulation of cell differentiation related genes occurred in what treatment groups? ## Footnote J Periodontol 2021

Answer 255

Sig more adherent cells in EDTA, LPCGF and combined treatment groups Sig more upregulation in combined treatment group ## Footnote Liquid-phase concentrated growth factor (LPCGF), a new-generation platelet concentrate

Question 256

In Ozcan's 2021 study "The effects of a novel non-invasive application of platelet-rich fibrin on periodontal clinical parameters and gingival crevicular fluid transforming growth factor-β and collagen-1 levels: A randomized, controlled, clinical study," the test group resulted in what sig improvements in deep periodontal pockets than the control group (scaling and root planing without PRF)? ## Footnote J Periodontol 2021

Answer 256

significantly greater pocket reduction, higher clinical attachment gain, and less gingival reces- sion than the control group at 3 and 6 months

Question 257

In Toia's 2021 study "Effectiveness of one-visit and two-visit endodontic retreatment of teeth persistent/secondary endodontic infection: a randomized clinical trial with 18-months of follow-up," what was the difference between the two treatment groups?

Answer 257

The endodontic retreatment in both 1 or 2-visits exhibited equally favorable periapical healing at 18- months, with no statistically significant differences between groups

Question 258

In Bar-Am's 2010 study "Elastic training for the prevention of mandibular drift following mandibulectomy in dogs: 18 cases (2005-2008)," what percent of cases had no mandibular drift following 4.5-6 months of elastic training? ## Footnote Verstraete Vet Surg 2010

Answer 258

50%

Question 259

In Culp's 2013 study "Results of surgical excision and evaluation of factors as-sociated with survival time in dogs with lingual neoplasia: 97 cases (1995-2008)," what percent of tumors were malignant and what was the overall metastasis rate? ## Footnote Ehrhart, Withrow. JAVMA 2013

Answer 259

~64% malignant 19% metastatic rate ## Footnote MM 38% met rate

Question 260

In Culp's 2013 study "Results of surgical excision and evaluation of factors as-sociated with survival time in dogs with lingual neoplasia: 97 cases (1995-2008)," what factors significantly influenced survival time? ## Footnote Ehrhart, Withrow. JAVMA 2013

Answer 260

Metastasis negatively impacted survival time < 2cm sized tumor dogs lived 4x longer than larger lingual tumors