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VETS1003 > teeth, jaws, and their movements > Flashcards

teeth, jaws, and their movements Flashcards

1
Q

Teeth used for

A
  • Prehension
  • Offense
  • Defense
  • Mastication
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2
Q

origin of teeth

A

from dermal scales

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3
Q

structure of brachydont tooth

A
  • root embedded in a socket/ alveolus
  • crown; protrudes above the gingiva
  • neck; bulges at level of gingiva
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4
Q

enamel

A
  • harder than bone
  • arranged into rids
  • wears slower than dentine
  • no nerve supply
  • cannot undergo repair
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5
Q

enamel is formed by

A

ameloblasts, which disintegrate after enamel is formed; cannot undergo repair

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6
Q

dentine (which is similar to bone) is formed from

A

odontoblasts at the base of dentine layer

remain alive for life of tooth

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7
Q

primary dentine is

A

laid down before eruption

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7
Q

secondary dentine is

A

produced as the tooth develops

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8
Q

how does dentine respond to trauma

A

by forming tertiary dentine: has few tubules and is more dense and darker in colour

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9
Q

dentine consists of

A

microtubules within a 70% hydroxyapatite matrix

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10
Q

why is dentine sensitive to pain if enamel layer is breached

A

because the dentine
consists of microtubules within a 70% hydroxyapatite matrix, which contains fluid.
Stimuli including heat, cold, air, drilling and mechanical which causes a rapid flow of
fluid within the dentine tubules will transmit pain.

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11
Q

cementum

A

thin, calcified covering of roots, similar om composition to woven bone

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12
Q

cementum is capable of

A

formation, destruction and repair, remodels continually throughout life

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13
Q

where does cementum attach

A

periodontal ligament

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14
Q

periodontal ligament

A

network of collagenous fibers and fibroblasts embedded in cementum and into alveolar bone, must break it down to remove tooth

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15
Q

pulp cavity

A
  • brain and heart of tooth
  • contain blood supply and nerves
  • exact location may vary tooth to tooth
  • connected to alveolus via root canal
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16
Q

brachydont teeth

A
  • stop growing at maturity
  • firmly anchored in jaw
  • enamel is not replaced
  • NOT built for grinding
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17
Q

Which part of the tooth is embedded in a socket/alveolus?

A

root

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18
Q

The anatomic crown is the part of the tooth containing:

A

Enamel

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19
Q

Which of the following structures is harder than bone, and cannot undergo repair?

A

Enamel

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20
Q

Which part of the tooth contains blood vessels and nerves?

A

pulp cavity

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21
Q

The crown is covered in cementum as well as enamel, with enamel extending into the root in which type of teeth?

A

Hypsodont

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22
Q

Which type of tooth is used for slicing, grinding, or crushing?

A

Cheek teeth (molars and premolars)

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23
Q

Which type of tooth does not have a deciduous tooth that precedes the adult tooth?

A

Molars

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24
Q

When the jaws come together, how does the lower canine sit in relation to the upper canine?

rostral or caudal

A

rostral

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25
Q

The dental formula counts each type of tooth in each half of the jaw. The first number is the number of that type of tooth in which jaw?

A

upper

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26
Q

The premature loss of deciduous teeth can lead to which of the following?

A

Malocculsion due to disorganised permanent teeth

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27
Q

Which surface of the tooth faces towards the cheek?

A

buccal

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28
Q

Which surface of the tooth faces towards the tongue?

A

Lingual

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29
Q

Quadrant 2 of a dental chart refers to which of the following?

A

Left upper quadrant

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30
Q

Which bone are the upper incisors embedded in?

A

incisive

31
Q

Which of the following muscles opens the jaw when it contracts?

A

Digastric muscle

32
Q

simple tooth

A

one root

33
Q

hypsodont teeth have a ____ crown in relation to roots

A

high

34
Q

hypsodont teeth eruption time

A

can take a long time to fully erupt

may display continual eruptions

35
Q

hypsodont teeth crown is covered in

A

cementum and enamel, and enamel also extends into the root; enables more wear and tear on the teeth

36
Q

hypsodont teeth; as surface wears, pulp cavity may become exposed, this is sealed with

A

secondary/ tertiary dentine

37
Q

function of incisors

A
  • cutting off pieces of food
  • typically 3/3
  • brachydont in most species
  • important for grooming
38
Q

function of canines

A
  • grasping and/or offence and defence
  • very deep rots
  • lower is rostral to upper
  • brachydont
39
Q

function of cheek teeth (molar and premolars)

A
  • often have a complex surface area, for slicing, grinding or crushing
  • brachydont in carnivores and omnivores
  • hypsodont in herbivores
40
Q

difference between premolars and molars

A

premolars have a deciduous, molars do not

41
Q

dental formula for dogs U/L

A

2( I 3/3 C1/1 P 4/4 M 2/3)= 42

42
Q

dental formula for cats

A

2( I 3/3 C 1/1 P 3/2 M 1/1) = 30

43
Q

carnassial teeth

A

used for cutting and sheering
in cats and dogs it is the last premolar in upper jaw and first molar in lower jaw

so dogs P4/ M1
cats P3/ M1

44
Q

dog deciduous teeth dental formula

A

2 ( i 3/3 c 1/1 p 3/3) = 28

45
Q

cat deciduous teeth dental formula

A

2( i 3/3 c 1/1 p 3/2) = 26

46
Q

are there deciduous molars

A

no

47
Q

which side does the developing permanent tooth grow on

A

on lingual side of deciduous tooth

48
Q

what happens to deciduous teeth roots when the permanent teeth grow in

A

odontoclasts resorb the root of deciduous teeth, breaking down the hard tissue and releasing the minerals

49
Q

describe how ankyloses of deciduous tooth can cause issues

A

If the repair process of
prevails over resorption process of deciduous teeth, the deposition of cementum‐like tissue may cause the tooth
to ankylose or fuse to the surrounding bone, resulting in the loss of the periodontal ligament. This prevents the tooth from falling out and impedes proper growth of the
permanent tooth. This process – ankyloses ‐ may also occur with adult teeth and
impede extractions.

50
Q

in dogs incisors have how many roots

A

a single long root

51
Q

in dogs how do the incisor crowns differ in upper and lower jaw

A
  • upper incisor crown is tricupsid (have 3 points)
  • lower incisor crown is bicupsid (have 2 points)
52
Q

canine teeth in dogs have how many roots

A

one single root, much longer than the crown, curved into alveolus and laterally compressed

53
Q

cusps of premolars in dogs

A

form a discontinuous serrated cutting edge

54
Q

cusps of molars in dogs

A

have cutting potential but mostly for crushing

55
Q

cheek teeth have how many roots in dogs

A
  • first premolars and lower thirds molars have 1 root
  • P4 (large carnassial tooth) and upper M1 and M2 have 3 roots; mesiolingual, mesiovestibular and distal
  • rest of cheek teeth including lower carnassial (M1) have 2 roots; mesial and distal

summary:
Upper cheek teeth:
One tooth with one
root, two teeth with two
roots, three teeth with
three roots

Lower cheek teeth:
First and last tooth
with one root, rest with
two roots

56
Q

how to remove a tooth

A

you release the gum from the neck of the tooth, then use a bur to cut the tooth all the way down to the fornication.
You can then extract each root individually. It’s also important to know the location of
the facial nerves and blood vessels that run through both the mandible and maxilla,
as you want to avoid causing nerve damage.

57
Q

cheek teeth in cats roots

A
  • first premolars have 1 root
  • rest have 2 roots
  • except P3 the upper carnassial has 3 roots
58
Q

brachycephalic teeth

A

tooth root abnormalities, overcrowding, missing teeth, malocclusion, compaction

59
Q

tooth surfaces;

A
  • occlusal; chewing surface of tooth
  • lingual/ palatal faces inward towards tongue
  • vestibular/ buccal/ labial; towards cheek
  • mesial; forward side of tooth, found on in between surface of tooth next to it
  • distal; back side of tooth
60
Q

dental chart (dogs)

A

jaws divided into 1,2,3,4 (clockwise as you look at animal so right upper is 1, left upper is 2, left lower is 3, and right lower is 4)

next 2 numbers refer to position; central incisor is 01, canines are 04, premolars are 05-08, molars are 09-11

61
Q

which bones are the teeth in

A
  • upper incisors are in incisive bone
  • all other upper teeth are in maxilla
  • all lower teeth in mandible
62
Q

brachygnathic

A

mandible too short ie overbite
parrot-mouthed

63
Q

prognathic

A

mandible too long ie underbite

64
Q

angle of the mandible should lie directly ventral to the

A

temporomandibular joint

65
Q

mandible can move in ___ planes

A

3
most movement in herbivores for grinding

canines have most movement in vertical plane for shearing and crushing

66
Q

digastric muscle function

A

opening the jaw

67
Q

digastric muscle origin and insertion

A
  • origin; paracondylar process of the
    occipital bone,
  • insertion; Medial and ventral mandible
68
Q

4 pairs of muscles needed for closing jaw and chewing food

A

temporalis, masseter, lateral and medial pterygoid muscles

69
Q

temporali origin and insertion

A

origin; temporal fossa

insertion; coronoid process of mandible

70
Q

masseter origin and insertion

A
  • origin; zygomatic arch
  • insertion; masseteric fossa
71
Q

medial and lateral pterygoid origin and insertion

A
  • origin; pterygopalatine fossa
  • insertion; medial mandible
72
Q

innervation of the jaw; which nerve controls opening of mouth and muscles responsible for facial expression

A

facial nerve (CN VII)

73
Q

which nerve controls closing of mouth, and is main facial sensory nerve

A

trigeminal nerve (CN V)

74
Q

digastric muscle is innervated which 2 nerves;

A

The rostral portion is innervated by
the mandibular nerve, whereas the caudal belly has innervation from the facial nerve (CN VII)

VETS1003 (23 decks)

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