Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

VETS1003 > pancreas > Flashcards

pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

pancreas produces 2 types of secretion

A
  • endocrine; insulin, glucagon and gastrin, from islets of langerhans
  • exocrine; enzymes, electrolytes and water, from pancreatic acini –> duodenum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

which component of pancreas secretion is larger; endocrine or exocrine

A

exocrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

exocrine secretions of pancreas are digestive juice produced in _____ and discharged into: ______

A
  • pancreatic acini
  • discharged into proximal part of duodenum through one or two ducts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

the exocrine secretion aka digestion juice contains digestive enzymes that break down

A

protein, carbohydrates and fats, as well as electrolytes and water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

endocrine component of pancreas comprises the

A

pancreatic islets (of langerhans)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

pancreatic islets (of langerhans)

A

clumps of cells that are scattered between the exocrine acini, and are the source of insulin, glucagon, and gastrin.

The islets are therefore really important in regulating the metabolism of carbohydrates, and maintaining blood sugar levels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

pancreas gross anatomy

A

diffuse, lobulated organ, pinkish-red, can sometimes be yellowish

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

location of pancreas

A

dorsal part of the abdominal cavity. It looks kind of like a salivary gland, although it is softer and more loosely knit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

pancreas is closely associated w

A

closely associated with the duodenum, and the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

pancreas regarded as having a

A

body and 2 lobes
* works well for dogs but less for other species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The pancreas develops from two primordia that bud from the proximal part of the embryonic duodenum:

A

the dorsal and ventral primordia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

the dorsal and ventral primordia buds later in development

A

merge

but we see evidence of dual origin of pancreas due to the duct system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A greater pancreatic duct commonly drains the part of the pancreas that arises from the

A

ventral primordium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

greater pancreatic duct commonly opens into the duodenum w or just beside

A

bile duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A lesser (accessory duct) emerges from the part of the pancreas that arises from

A

dorsal primordium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the lesser accessory duct enters duodenum on opposite aspect of gut at the

A

minor duodenal papilla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

ventral and dorsal primordium turns into what duct and enter duodenums at what papilla

A
  • ventral: pancreatic duct: major papilla
  • dorsal: accessory duct: minor papilla
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The duct system of the two lobes of the pancreas can

A

communicate within the gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

bile duct may join w pancreatic duct to enter duodenum or may enter

A

seperately

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

bile duct joins with pancreatic duct to enter duodenum in what species

A

horse, sheep and dog

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

bile duct enters duodenum seperate from pancreatic duct in what species

A

pig, cow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

the bile duct passes oblqiuely through duodenal wall at major duodenal papilla, through the

A

sphincter of oddi

23
Q

the pancreas is surrounded by a v thin connective tissue capsule that invaginates into the gland to form

A

septae; serve as scaffolding for large blood vessels, and divide pancreas into distinctive lobules

24
Q

the pancreas is a compound ____ gland

A

acinous

25
Q

the lobules of pancreas bound together by loose connective tissue containing

A

blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics and excretory ducts

26
Q

pancreatic acini, what they do and how they are arranged

A

cells that synthesize and secrete digestive enzymes and arranged in grape-like clusters

27
Q

each acinus consists of a single row of

A

pyramidal epithelial cells converging on central lumen

28
Q

the acini release _____ containing enzyme precursors

A

zymogen granules

29
Q

zymogen granules are more common during

A

fasting

30
Q

zymogen

A

inactive substance (enzyme precursor) which is converted into an enzyme when activated by another enzyme

31
Q

the lumen of each acinus is contunous with a small duct that is bounded by pale- staining

A

centroacinar cells

32
Q

The lumen of each acinus is continuous with a small duct, that’s bounded by pale‐
staining centroacinar cells.

Tjese lead into an ever larger duct network of intercalated
then intralobular ducts which are lined by ______

the height of these epithelium ____ as duct becomes bigger and bigger

A

low columnar epithelium

increases

33
Q

interlobular ducts epithelium

A
  • ducts between lobes
  • stratified cuboidal
34
Q

intralobular lucts

A
  • ducts within lobes
  • large, low columnar epithelium
  • contain goblet cells and small mucous glands so able to modify the secretion of the gland
35
Q

islets of langerhans

A

small masses of endocrine cells scattered throughout the exocrine pancreas

36
Q

islets of langerhans are demarcated (outlined by) by

A

reticular fibers

37
Q

each pancreas contains about _____ islets of langerhans

A

one million

38
Q

islet cells have a rich

A

blood and nerve supply

39
Q

name 3 types of islet cells that can be seen with special stains

A

alpha, beta, delta

different adrenergic receptors for differing responses to catecholamines

40
Q

alpha, beta and delta islet cells frequency and what they produce

A
  • alpha: 20%, produce glucagon
  • beta; 80%; produce insuline
  • delta; 5%; produce somatostatin
  • nongranular cells also present
41
Q

pancreas recieves generous blood supply from

A

cranial and caudal pancreaticoduodenal arteries

cranial is a branch of coeliac artery

caudal is a branch from cranial mesenteric artery

42
Q

veins of pancreas drain to enter the

A

hepatic portal vein

43
Q

pancreas is supplied by both (nerves)

A

parasympathetic (vagal) and sympathetic

44
Q

EPI

A
  • exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
  • lack of pancreatic exocrine secretion in SI
  • most common cause in dogs is pancreatic acinar atrophy
  • most common cause in cats in chronic pancreatitis
  • lose weight despite good appetite
45
Q

pancreatitis

A
  • inflammation disrupts pancreas
  • prancreatic granules (zymogens which are harmless in their inactive form) are prematurely activated and released internally, digesting the pancreas itself
  • toxins released from this destruction of tissue are released into circulation and can cause body-wide inflammatory response
  • sudden fatty meal is classic cause
46
Q

Which of the following is an exocrine secretion of the pancreas?
A.
Insulin

B.
Glucagon

C.
Digestive enzymes

D.
Gastrin

A

Digestive enzymes

46
Q

look at table of species lobe differences

A
47
Q

Which part of the pancreas is in the mesoduodenum of the descending duodenum?

A

Right lobe

48
Q

Which of the following statements regarding the development of the pancreatic ducts is CORRECT?

A.
The pancreas develops from two primordia that bud from the proximal part of the embryonic duodenum: the medial and ventral primordia. A greater pancreatic duct commonly drains the part of the pancreas that arises from the ventral primordium. A lesser (accessory duct) emerges from the part of the pancreas that arises from the medial primordium.

B.
The pancreas develops from two primordia that bud from the proximal part of the embryonic duodenum: the dorsal and ventral primordia. A greater pancreatic duct commonly drains the part of the pancreas that arises from the ventral primordium. A lesser (accessory duct) emerges from the part of the pancreas that arises from the dorsal primordium.

C.
The pancreas develops from two primordia that bud from the proximal part of the embryonic duodenum: the dorsal and ventral primordia. A greater pancreatic duct commonly drains the part of the pancreas that arises from the dorsal primordium. A lesser (accessory duct) emerges from the part of the pancreas that arises from the ventral primordium.

D.
A greater pancreatic duct commonly drains the part of the pancreas that arises from the ventral primordium. It opens into the duodenum together with, or just beside, the bile duct. Bile and pancreatic juice enter the duodenum together on the minor duodenal papilla.

A

B.
The pancreas develops from two primordia that bud from the proximal part of the embryonic duodenum: the dorsal and ventral primordia. A greater pancreatic duct commonly drains the part of the pancreas that arises from the ventral primordium. A lesser (accessory duct) emerges from the part of the pancreas that arises from the dorsal primordium.

49
Q

Which of the following statements regarding acini is INCORRECT?

A.
Cells that synthesise and secrete digestive enzymes are arranged in grape-like clusters called acini

B.
Each acinus consists of a single row of pyramidal epithelial cells converging on the central lumen

C.
Pancreatic acini release zymogen granules containing enzyme precursors

D.
Pancreatic acini are small masses of endocrine cells

A

Pancreatic acini are small masses of endocrine cells

50
Q

Which islet cells secrete insulin?

A

Beta (B) cells

51
Q

Which islet cells secrete glucagon?

A

Alpha (A) cells

52
Q

Which islet cells secrete somatostatin?

A

Delta (D) cells

VETS1003 (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions