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oral cavity Flashcards

1
Q

dolicocephalic

A

narrow head

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2
Q

mesaticephalic aka mesocephalic

A

average skull

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3
Q

brachycephalic

A

rounded head, short nose

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4
Q

functions of oral cavity

A
  • Selection
  • Prehension
  • Mastication
  • Ensalivation
  • Forming a bolus
  • Swallowing/deglutition
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5
Q

boundaries of oral cavity

A

lips, cheeks, hard and soft palate, tongue, floor

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6
Q

vestibule

A

space between soft tissue (lips and cheeks) and the teeth and gums

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7
Q

paired incisive ducts

A

where the oral cavity communicates with the nasal cavity

The fissure on either side of the incisive papilla papilla is the oral opening of the incisive duct.

connected to VMO in some species

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8
Q

incisive papilla

A

A small eminence located just caudal to the central incisor
teeth

The fissure on either side of the papilla is the oral opening of the incisive duct.

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9
Q

caudally the oral cavity is continuous with the oropharyns, through the

A

isthmus faucium (passage to oropharynx)

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10
Q

VMO

A

vomeronasal organ aka Jacobson’s organ

receptors sense pheromones especially sexual odours

flehmen response; increases opening of the ducts

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11
Q

Which of the following classifications of head shape refers to a normal or average shape of skull?

A

Mesaticephalic

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12
Q

A brachycephalic breed:

A

Has a rounded cranium, with a short nose

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13
Q

Which of the following is NOT a function of the oral cavity?

Ensalivation

Absorption

Mastication

Deglutition

A

Absorption

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14
Q

Which of the following statements BEST describes the dolichocephalic classification of head shape?

A

A long, narrow head and nose

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15
Q

Which of the following is NOT a boundary of the oral cavity?

Lips

Cheeks

Hard palate

Pharynx

A

Pharynx

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16
Q

Mucous membrane are normally:

A

Pink, with a capillary refill time of 1–2 s

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17
Q

The vertical median groove in the upper lip is known as the:

A

Philtrum

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18
Q

The internal surface of the cheeks may have papillae in which of the following species?

A

cow

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19
Q

Which of the following bones does NOT contribute to the hard palate?

Incisive

Palatine

Maxilla

Occipital

A

occipital

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20
Q

In some species, the cranial portion of the hard palate is free of ridges and is covered by thick cornified epithelium, in lieu of upper incisive teeth. This is known as the dental pad. Which of the following animals has a dental pad?

A

cow

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21
Q

The tongue is attached to the floor of the mouth in the midline by the:

A

Frenulum

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22
Q

Which muscle of the tongue is involved in curling the tongue?

A

Genioglossus

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23
Q

Which of the following papillae is mechanical in function?

Vallate papillae

Foliate papillae

Conical papillae

Fungiform papillae

A

conical papillae

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24
Q

Which of the following nerves is NOT involved in sensing taste (the innervation of taste buds)?

Oculomotor nerve (CN III)

Facial nerve (CN VII)

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

Vagus nerve (CN X)

A

Oculomotor nerve (CN III)

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25
26
Which of the following papillae is involved in the transduction of taste (i.e., contains taste buds)? Filiform papillae Vallate papillae Lenticular papillae Conical papillae
vallate papillae
27
mucous membranes
moist from glands: (labial, buccal, lingual) salivary glands good blood supply CRT 1-2s
28
CRT prolonged
indication of decreased peripheral perfusion
29
grey white of muddy mucous membranes
hypovolaemia or anemia
30
yellow mucous membranes
jaundice
31
philtrum
vertical median groove (middle of upper lip)
31
purple to red mucous membranes
septic
32
rima oris
where the dorsal and ventral lips come together opening that food goes in
33
commissures of the slips
laterally where the lips come together (corner of the mouth)
34
lips covered with skin, with short and long sensory hairs and occasional whiskers called
vibrissae
35
skin of lips covers a fibroelastic layer and the ______ muscle
orbicularis oris
35
internally the lips are covered with
labial mucosa, which is continuous with gingivae (gums) mucous is stratified squamous, and is keratinized if the diet contains a lot of roughage, such as in horses and ruminants
36
some ______ are present in the margins of the mouth; especially in horses; very mobile lips
labial glands
37
internal cheek skin covered by
stratified squamous epithelium; usually smooth but may have aborally directed papillae such as in ruminants
38
floating
sharp edges of teeth filed away to prevent damage to mucosa of cheeks
39
mucosa is supplied with secretions from the
buccal glands (arranged into dorsal and ventral groups)
40
the dorsal buccal gland in carnivores
zygomatic gland; large and discrete
41
the ducts of the zygomatic salivary gland (dorsal buccal gland in carnivores) open into the
vestibule near the last molar
42
what bones make up hard palate
incisive, maxilla and palatine
43
hard palate is divided into 2 fused halves by a
median raphe; each half is thrown up into a number of crescent shaped ridges or rugae
44
hard palate covered by
thick stratified squamous epithelium usually lacks glands under epithelium there is rich venous plexus
45
in ruminants the cranial portion of hard palate is called what is it covered with
the dental pad; free of ridges and covered by thick cornfield (layers of dead keratinized cells) stratified squamous epithelium
46
where do you find incisive ducts in ruminants
lie either side of incisive papilla (on dental pad) behind first pair of incisors
47
what species does not have incisive ducts
horse
48
soft palate extends from
causal edge of hard palate
49
tongue root
attached to hyoid apparatus and surrounding connective tissue
50
apex of tongue
tip
51
sulcus of tongue
line down the middle
52
lyssa
on midline under mucosa, thin hard cord that extends from apex to level where frenulum attaches
53
frenulum
ventral surface is attached to the floor of the mouth in the midline
54
torus
in ruminants; big prominence over caudal part of body and root of tongue, generates negative pressure for suction
55
intrinsic vs extrinsic muscles of tongue
- intrinsic; actually within the tongue, dorsal and have many fibres with connective tissue and fat - extrinsic; originate outside of tongue, more ventral, responsible for major movement
56
muscles of tongue are all innervated by
hypoglossal nerve
57
styloglossus
- from stylohyoid - elevates and retracts - long, thin, lateral
58
hyoglossus
- from basihyoid - depresses and retracts
59
genioglossus
- from medial surface of rostral mandible - runs dorsal, rostral and causal - depresses, moves rostral and curls
60
geniohyoid
- mandibular symphysis to basihyoid - move hyoid (and tongue) rostral
61
tongue papillae (this isn't all of them)
- filiform; mechanical, all over tip of tongue - conical; mechanical, bigger filiform, in ruminants found on side of tongue, over root of tongue longer spiky looking, direct food back - lenticular; mechanical; flat and rounded, mainly on torus to enhance suction - fungiform; taste, also found on rostral 2/3s so with the filiform, they are bigger and darker - vallate; taste, v shaped crescent array, found 2/3 way back from tip
62
surface of tongue is lined by
stratified squamous epithelium, may be keratinized raised bumps called papillae; mechanical or for taste
63
taste buds
have specialized receptor cells in them that respond to chemical stimuli thats present in food/ drink
64
conical papillae
very large filiform papillae, are mechanical in function, and are typically found over the root of the tongue, pointing caudally and serving to direct the food into the pharynx during deglutition, or swallowing.
65
lenticular papillae
flat, rounded papillae, mainly on the torus, in ruminants. They may function to enhance suction of the tongue to the hard palate.
66
fungiform papillae
round protrusions, kind of like mushrooms. They have a thin layer of epithelium studded with taste buds on the free surface. The comparatively rich blood supply to these gives them a red or pink appearance. They are typically found on the rostral two‐thirds of the tongue, but you might find a few on the dorsal surface of the root.
67
vallate papillae
aka s circumvallate papillae. They are very large, and are typically found on the dorsal surface of the tongue, two‐thirds of the way back from the tip of the tongue, in a V‐shaped or crescent‐shaped array. Each papilla is surrounded by a deep groove, with taste buds on the side of the papilla
68
foliate papillae
found in two dorsolateral groups, just rostral to the palatoglossal arches. Each grouping forms an ovoid array of leaf‐like transverse papillae. They are separated by deep clefts or crypts, into which serous glands discharge. Taste buds are found on the sides of the clefts.
69
marginal papillae
found in young pups, and help to seal the lips around the nipple, preventing milk from being spilled. They are lost as the pups’ diet changes from milk to solid food.
70
histology of taste buds
- pale- staining ovoid bodies - sit on dermal papillae - extend from basal lamina of stratified squamous epithelium
71
epithelium over each taste bud is perforated by the
taste pore
72
under the taste pore 2 cell types appear;
- supporting cells; spindle shaped with free ends surrounding the inner taste pore - neuroepithelial cells; skebder with short taste "hairs" protruding to inner taste pore
73
taste but innervation
complex, input to CNS vis facial nerve (CN VII), glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) and vagus nerve (CN X)
74
lingual tonsils
- aggregated lymph nodules around root of tongue
75
when lingual tonsils are large such as in cows, can have; in cats and dogs and small ruminants;
- deep invaginations or crypts lined w stratified squamous epithelium and frequently filled with degenerating lymphocytes - lymphatic tissue is diffuse and not grossly visible

VETS1003 (23 decks)

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