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VETS1003 > digestive anatomy of RUMINANT > Flashcards

digestive anatomy of RUMINANT Flashcards

1
Q

upper incisors

A

none, replaced by a hard, fibrous dental pad

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2
Q

what separates the incisors from cheek teeth

A

diastema

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3
Q

cheek teeth (pre molars and molars) are

incisors are

A

hypsodont

brachydont

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4
Q

Cheek teeth in herbivores have a complex pattern on the surface due to

A

invaginations of the enamel layer

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5
Q

As the tooth surface wears down over time, ____ occur on the surface

A

hard enamel crests; help grind up food

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6
Q

Upper incisors replaced by ____ in ruminants

A

dental pad

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7
Q

typical foot and mouth disease is seen in

A

ulceration of the dental pad

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8
Q

dental formula for young and for adults

A

young:
2(Di 0/4 Dc 0/0 Dp 3/3) = 20

adult:
2(I0/4 C0/0 P3/3 M3/3) = 32

*canine and 4th incisor interchangeable

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9
Q

eruption date for cattle and sheep/ goats

A
  • cattle:
  • incisor 1; 1.5-2yrs
  • incisor 2; 2-2.5 yrs
  • incisors 3; 3-3.5 yrs
  • incisors 4; 3.5-4 yrs
  • sheep
  • incisor 1; 1-1.5 yrs
  • incisor 2; 1.5-2 yrs
  • incisor 3; 2.5-3 yrs
  • incisor 4; 3-4 yrs
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10
Q

initial mastication vs re-mastication or rumination

A
  • initial; quick
  • remastication or rumination; slower, plants ground between cheek teeth
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11
Q

lateral chewing movement is due to

A
  • strong masseter and
    pterygoid muscles,
  • relatively narrow, though long mandibles,
  • the slope, and roughened surface of the cheek teeth.
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12
Q

tongue is highly

A

extensible to grasp food

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13
Q

lower incisors cut off grass against

A

dental pad

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14
Q

Small ruminants have highly mobile ___ which enables them to nibble and crop plants close to the ground

A

lips

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15
Q

small ruminants have a cleft upper lip known as the

A

philtrum

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16
Q

negative pressure piston-like action of tongue is aided by

A

torus; prominence over the caudal part of the body and root

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17
Q

torus has a _______ on its rostral side

A

transverse lingual fossa

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18
Q

conical papilla

A

inner surface of lips and cheeks, root of tongue large, pointing backward backward filiform papillae , mechanical in function

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19
Q

lenticular papillae

A

flat, rounded, mechanical, mainly on torus, act like suction cups

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20
Q

vallate papilla aka circumvallate papillae

A

very large, on dorsal root of tongue, V shape array, surrounded by deep groove with taste buds on the side

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21
Q

foliate papilla

A

may be absent, lateral root of tongue, taste buds

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22
Q

true or false the mandible can movie in all 3 planes

A

true

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23
Q

lateral movement is due to what muscles

A

strong masseter and pterygoid muscles

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24
Q

when digastric muscle contracts

A

jaw opens

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25
Q

cattle produce up to ___L saliva a day

A

150

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26
Q

what is main source of liquid in rumen

A

saliva

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27
Q

saliva functions

A
  • form food bolus
  • provide alkaline buffer to rumen and reticulum
  • maintain pH in rumen (contains large quantities of buffer)
  • essential for fermentation
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28
Q

large ____ gland covers the more medial ____ gland

A

parotid
mandibular

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29
Q

the duct of parotid gland runs ventral to the

A

masseter muscle

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30
Q

the dorsal buccal branch of facial nerve passes over

A

masseter muscle

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31
Q

the ___ duct passes over the facial artery and nerve

A

parotid

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32
Q

The
ventral end of the ______ forms a conspicuous swelling in the
intermandibular space which may be mistaken for the mandibular lymph node, although the salivary gland is larger, softer and more rostral.

A

mandibular salivary gland

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33
Q

what contracts during rumination

what relaxes

A

rumen and reticulum

cardiac sphincter relaxes

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34
Q

during rumination when the rumen and reticulum contract, the fluid level is raised to the

A

entrance of the esophagus

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35
Q

how do rumens get the food up during rumination

A
  • rumen and reticulum contract –> fluid raised to entrance of esophagus
  • cardiac sphincter relaxes
  • cow inspires on closed glottis–> lowers thoracic pressure, esophagus acts like vacuum
  • cud passes into it
  • cud passes to mouth by reverse peristalsis
  • swallows excess fluid
  • cud chewed (remasticated) mixed w more saliva
  • swallowed again
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36
Q

nasopharynx divided dorsally by the

A

median pharyngeal septum

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37
Q

the ox has palatine tonsils which ahve follicles that open into _____. These then open into a deep common _____

A

crypts
sinus tonsillaris

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38
Q

, in most species, the oesophagus decreases in diameter as it approaches the stomach, and the thickness of the muscular wall increases. In ruminants:

A

the reverse occurs: the overall size of the oesophagus increases, and the wall becomes thinner as the oesophagus approaches the cardia.

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39
Q

muscle type in tunica muscularis

A

100% skeletal

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40
Q

the mucosa of the esophagus is particularly ____ in the ruminant

A

cornified

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41
Q

in ruminants fermentation takes place before or after reaching the glandular stomach and the small intestines

A

before

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42
Q

Fermenting herbivores share a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship with ______ microorganisms

A

anaerobic

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43
Q

what do the microorganisms provide that can be used as energy

A

metabolites- VFAs

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44
Q

assimilation

A

the process by which living organisms convert food into vitamins, minerals, and other chemicals that the body needs in order to function

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45
Q

In foregut fermenters, this fermentation process takes place ____ the food reaches the glandular stomach, and the small intestines

A

before

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46
Q

ruminant digestion has led to enlargement of what parts of stomach

A

cranial non-glandular stomach

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47
Q

gases produced from rumination are removed by

A

eructation (burping)

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48
Q

rumen stomach

A
  • rumen
  • reticulum
  • omasum
  • abomasum (true stomach)
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49
Q

which stomachs make up the non-glandular stomach where foregut fermentation takes place

A

rumen, reticulum and omasum

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50
Q

what is the glandular stomach of the ruminants

A

abomasum

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51
Q

abomasum: rumen/reticulum ration at birth, 2 months and adult

A

birth 2:1
2 months 1:1
adult 1:9

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52
Q

rumen develops as an outgrowth of the

A

fundus of stomach, gorws caudal and dorsal (back and over the rest of the stomach which then becomes abomasum)

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53
Q

reticulum develops as an outgrowth of

A

rumen

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54
Q

omasum develops drom the

A

lesser curvature of primitive stomach

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55
Q

ruminant stomach development from primitive stomach summary

A
  • rumen outgrowth from fundus
  • reticulum outgrowth of rumen
  • omasum growth from lesser curvature
  • abomasum is rest of stomach
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56
Q

rumen lies on

A

LHS of abdominal cavity

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57
Q

location of parts of stomach

A
  • reticulum lies cranially against the diaphragm
  • omasum lies on RHS cranially
  • abomasum lies ventrally
  • rumen on LHS
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58
Q

rumen parietal surface is ____
visceral surface is ____

A

right
left

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59
Q

part of dorsal surface of rumen is attached to

A

body wall

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60
Q

rumen is divided into __ sacs

A

6

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61
Q

the 6 sacs of rumen are divided by deep grooves containing

A

fat, blood vessels, lymphatics, and lymph nodes and nerves

covered by visceral peritoneum

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62
Q

shallow left and right longitudinal grooves are connected cranially and caudally by the

A

deep cranial and caudal grooves

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63
Q

sacs of rumen: caudal end

A

The dorsal blind sac and the ventral blind sac are marked off by the dorsal
and the ventral coronary grooves. The blind sacs are separated by the caudal groove which runs left to right. Again, we’ve got a couple of coronary grooves, that go both dorsal and ventral. So they’re named the dorsal coronary groove, and the ventral coronary groove. These demarcate the dorsal and ventral blind sacs

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64
Q

sacs of rumen; cranial end

A

The dorsal and ventral sacs have bulges at the cranial end; these form the cranial sac, and the ventral recessus ruminis. Again, off
the cranial end of the dorsal and ventral sacs, there’s a cranial sac, and ventrally
there’s a sac called the recessus ruminis. The cranial pillar separates the cranial sac and the recessus ruminis.

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65
Q

cranially, the cranial sac of rumen communicates with the reticulum via the wide

A

ruminoreticular opening: opening from rumen into reticulum

also where the esophagus enters at the cardia

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66
Q

opposite the cardia is the deep

A

ruminoreticular groove

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67
Q

ruminal grooves form internal

A

pillars

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68
Q

separating the rumen and reticulum is the high U shaped

A

ruminoreticular fold

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69
Q

lining of the rumen internally is what kind of epithelium

A

keratinized, stratifed squamous epithelium which is thrown up into papillae

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70
Q

the papillae on the inside lining of rumen function

A

increase SA for transfer of water, small solutes and heat

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71
Q

which areas of internal rumen are the papillae most prominent

where are they absent/ reduced

A

cranial, ventral and blind sacs

reduced/absent in over the pillars and on part of the dorsal sac

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72
Q

mucosa of the complex stomach is often

A

folded; increase SA

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73
Q

rumen lamina propria

A

irregular dense CT, containing capillaries and nerves

lymphoid tissue ABSENT

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74
Q

muscularis mucosa of the rumen

A

ABSENT

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75
Q

submucosa of the rumen

A

loose CT

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76
Q

tunica muscularis of the rumen
how many layers, where is it thick

A

2-3 layers, thick at the pillars

inner circular layer, outer longitudinal layer and also a third layer of internal oblique muscles; only found in rumen and reticulum

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77
Q

where does the tunica muscularis have a third layer of internal oblique muscles, and why

A

rumen and reticulum,; helps contract and raise fluid level to esophagus for rumination

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78
Q

serosa of rumen has what epithelium

A

simple squamous or cuboidal or mesothelial cells where is is contunous with the visceral periotneum

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79
Q

part of rumen that attaches to the abdominal roof has

A

tunica adventitia instead of tunica serosa

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80
Q

the subserosa of the rumen is rich in

A

adipose tissue

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81
Q

mesothelial cells secrete small amounts of

A

serous fluid; peritoneal fluid (allows organs to slip past eachother)

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82
Q

the mesothelium layer of the tunica serosa of rumen is continuous with the

A

peritoneum; borders peritoneal cavity

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83
Q

bloat

A

ruminal distension from gases of fermentation

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84
Q

primary bloat

A

aka frothy float; persistent foam mixed with rumen contents

85
Q

secondary bloat

A

free gas which separates from ingesta

86
Q

what are some causes of bloat

A
  • ingestion of large quantities of highly fermentable carbs
  • sudden change of ration
  • esophageal obstruction (ie foreign body)
  • excessive feeding especially during dry season when lots of fermentable carbs
87
Q

how is primary aka frothy bloat treated

A

antifoaming agent

88
Q

how is secondary bloat aka free gas bloat treated

A

passage of stomach tube or insertion of rumen trocar

89
Q

reticulum is located between

A

diaphragm and rumen, lies beneath 6th-8th ribs

90
Q

reticulum is ____ to opening of esophagus

A

ventral

91
Q

hardware disease (traumatic reticuloperitonitis)

A

where any heavy metals that get eaten drop tor reticulum and can penetrate diaphragm and damage heart

92
Q

internal reticulum has honeycombed appearance due to

A

folded epithelium that forms polygonal cells (the spaces in-between called cells)

93
Q

the ‘cells’ of the honey comb in reticulum are further subdivided by

A

smaller crests; secondary folds and tertiary folds

94
Q

the floor of the ‘cells’ of the reticulum honeycomb are covered with

A

small papillae

95
Q

near the cardia, the rumen and reticulum merge at the _____

A

atrium ventriculi

96
Q

the cardia opens into the _____ which connects esophegal opening with reticulo-omasal orifice

A

reticular groove

97
Q

what connects the esophageal opening with reticulo-omasal orifice

A

reticular groove

98
Q

when the reticular groove is closed, this conducts food from esophagus to

A

omasum (by-passing the rumen)

99
Q

reticulum epithelium

A

stratified squamous, keratinized

100
Q

lamina propria of reticulum

A

dense irregular CT, elastic fibers

101
Q

how does reticulum layers differ from rumen

A

under lamina propria the reticulum has muscularis mucosae at the to the top of the ‘cells’, the primary and secondary folds

102
Q

the primary and secondary folds of the muscularis mucosa of the reticulum have

A

apical bundles of longitudinal smooth muscle; form rings around the tops of the ‘cells’

103
Q

rumen has NO

A

muscularis mucosa

104
Q

what layers does reticulum have under the muscularis mucosa

A

submucosa,
tunica muscularis
serosa

(same as rumen)

105
Q

omasum is rounded organ to the ____ of reticulum

A

right

106
Q

how is omasum attached to the retiuclum

A

short neck called collum omasi

107
Q

does the omasum contact the right abdominal wall

A

yes is cattle but not in small ruminants

108
Q

fluid passes from the reticulum through the

A

reticulo-omasal opening

109
Q

the reticulo-omasal opening contains relatively large ____

A

cornified papillae

110
Q

the omasal groove lies opposite

A

the free edge of the laminae

111
Q

the omasal groove is crossed by the the muscular

A

omasal pillar near the opening to abomasum

112
Q

omasum is commonly called

A

book

large internal folds: omasal laminae, covered in cornified papillae, v large SA

113
Q

what are the pages of the book in omasum called

A

omasal laminae

114
Q

the spaces inbetween the pages of the book (aka the omasal laminae) in the omasum are called

what are they packed with

A

interlaminar recesses

packed w finely ground ingesta

115
Q

omasum epithelieum

A

stratified squamous, keratinized, lateral papilla

(same as rumen and reticulum)

116
Q

lamina propria of omasum

A

dense, irregular CT w extensive capillaries

117
Q

omasum muscularis mucosa

A

uninterrupted double layer, extends all way into folds

118
Q

muscularis mucosae in omasum seperates the

A

lamina propria from submucosa

119
Q

inner ciruclar layer of tunica muscularis in the omasum extends

A

up laminae between the 2 layers of muscularis muscosa

120
Q

so within laminae of the omasum there are how many layers of smooth muscle

A

3; double layer of muscularis mucosa and inner circular of tunica muscularis layer between these 2

121
Q

omasum submucosa

A

loose CT

122
Q

omasum tunica muscularis

A

inner circular layer penetrates into folds (recall inbetween the double layer of the muscularis mucosa)

muscle layers in folds differ to rumen and reticulum

123
Q

serosa of omasum

A

same as rumen

124
Q

abomasum is the

A

true stomach

125
Q

what is abomasum lined w

A

glandular mucosa

126
Q

fundus of abomasum is near

body is

pylorus is

A

xiphoid between rumen and reticulum

body is ventral near midline between omasum and ventral sac of rumen, then turns right

pylorus is dorsolateral behind omasum

127
Q

opening to abomasum is called ______ and is flaked by 2 folds of mucosa called the _______

A

omaso-abomasal opening

vela abomasica

128
Q

omasum to abomasum marks the epithelium change from

A

non glandular to glandular
stratified squamous keratinized to simple columnar

129
Q

omasum to abomasum lamina propria change

A

dense irregular CT –> loose irregular CT

130
Q

There are two main changes from omasum to abomasum:

A

The epithelium changes from stratified squamous, keratinized to simple columnar.

This transition occurs at the apex of the folds in large ruminants, and halfway down
the omasal side in small ruminants.

The lamina propria changes from dense, irregular connective tissue in the omasum, to loose connective tissue under the
columnar epithelium of the abomasum

131
Q

2 main glandular regions in the abomasum

A

1) proper/ fundic glands in most of fundus region and body
reddish grey

2) pyloric glands in pyloric region
yellowish

132
Q

is the pyloric sphincter in the internal abomasum well developed

A

no, but there is a prominent rounded torus pyloricus on side of lesser curvature

133
Q

torus pyloricus

A

round prominence on side of lesser curvature of abomasum

134
Q

what kind of glands exist surrounding the omasoabomasal orifice

A

small cardiac gland region

135
Q

gastric groove runs from

A

the opening of the oesophagus through the reticulum,
the omasum and into the abomasum.

136
Q

as you move caudally the gastric groove spirals

A

clockwise, so that the opening faces at first caudally, then to the left and then cranially

137
Q

what does gastric groove do

A

It directs liquids from the oesophagus to the abomasum. This is most important in young ruminants, as it enables milk to bypass the fermentative activity
of the rumen

138
Q

what happens to gastric groove when a young animal suckles

A

the lips of the reticular part of the groove close over forcing a channel from the oesophagus to the omasum, bypassing the rumen and reticulum and the milk
then flows into the abomasum

reflex control

139
Q

describe reflex control of gastric groove closing when young animals suckle

A

afferent pathway
stimulated by suckling in young animals

efferent pathway – which tells the reticular part of the groove to close over – travelling in the vagus nerves

140
Q

tunica muscularis of gastric groove

A

The lips of the groove are the internal oblique muscle, and the floor of the groove is the outer longitudinal muscle. There’s also some striated muscle fibres
in there as well.

141
Q

dorsal sac of rumen is attached to

A

crura of diaphragm

142
Q

the left psoas muscles back to

A

L3/4 in retroperitoneal space

143
Q

does the rumen lie entirely in peritoneal cavity

A

no because it is supported by the left psoas muscles back to L3/4 in the retroperitoneal space

144
Q

external support for greater and lesser omentum

A

The greater and lesser omentum are obviously attached to the forestomaches, but they do not play a part in the actual
support of the organs in adults.

145
Q

lesser omentum joins the visceral surface of liver to

A

the omasum, lesser curvature of abomasum and cranial border of the duodenum

146
Q

hepatogastric ligament connects

A

stomach to liver

147
Q

hepatoduodenal lig connects

A

duodenum to liver

148
Q

what 2 ligaments make up the lesser omentum

A

hepatoduodenal ligament
hepatogastric ligament

149
Q

greater omentum in ruminants has 2 layers

what are they

A
  • superficial from left longitudinal groove
  • deep layer form right longitudinal groove
150
Q

each of the 2 layers of the greater omentum consists of

A

two layers of peritoneum, separating the omental bursa.

151
Q

what forms a sling for intetsines

A

supraomental recess

152
Q

ventral sac of rumen sits in

A

omental bursa

153
Q

the ventral descending duodenum supports which layer of the greater omentum

A

both superficial and deep

154
Q

most muscle in rumen is what kind of muscle

A

smooth

withe exception of some striated muscle fibers from esophagus, which penetrate into rumen and reticulum

155
Q

the longitudinal muscles divide into 2 main streams at the cardia:

A

One follows the reticular groove to the omasum, and then spreads over the omasum and
abomasum.

The other spreads over the dorsal sac of the rumen, and these are
referred to as the external oblique fibres

156
Q

where are circular muscle fibers found

A

Throughout EXCEPT dorsal sac of rumen

Prominent in gastric groove and sphincters

157
Q

where are the the internal oblique muscles found

A

A third layer of internal oblique muscles is found only in the rumen and reticulum.

158
Q

3 main branches of ceoliac artery

A

splenic, hepatic, left gastric

159
Q

4 main arteries of ruminant stomach

A

right ruminal artery
left ruminal artery
reticular artery
left gastric artery

160
Q

right ruminal artery

A
  • Main supply to rumen/reticulum
  • Arises from splenic (usually)
  • Runs in right longitudinal groove
  • Branches as coronary arteries
161
Q

which artery is main supply to rumen/reticulum

A

right ruminal artery

162
Q

left ruminal artery

A
  • From coeliac, splenic or left gastric
  • Runs through cranial and left longitudinal groove
  • Dorsal and ventral branches
163
Q

reticular artery

A
  • From left ruminal artery
  • Through left lip of reticular groove
  • Supplies reticulum
164
Q

left gastric artery

A
  • From coeliac artery
  • Over omasum to lesser curvature of abomasum
  • Joins the right gastric (ex hepatic)
  • Branches to left gastroepiploic
  • May also be off right ruminal
  • Join the right gastro-epiploic from hepatic artery
165
Q

summary of blood supply

A
  • Left and right gastroepiploic arteries → greater curvature
  • Left and right gastric arteries → lesser curvature
  • Left and right ruminal arteries → rumen (longitudinal grooves)
  • Reticular artery → reticulum
166
Q

main vein is

A

splenic vein

167
Q

splenic veins drains all gastric arteries except

A

right gastric and right gastroepiploic arteries.

These are drained by branches of the gastroduodenal vein

168
Q

Splenic and gastroduodenal veins both join the

A

hepatic portal vein to liver

169
Q

parasympathetic innervation

A
  • Dorsal and ventral vagal trunks
  • Major control
170
Q

sympathetic innervation

A
  • Follow blood vessels from coeliac and cranial mesenteric plexuses
  • Minor role
171
Q

rumen displaces all intetsines to the

A

right

172
Q

brunner’s glands are found

A

entire lenght of duodenum

173
Q

descending duodenum is found on

A

right dorsal body wall

174
Q

intestines sit within the sling of the

A

supraomental recess

175
Q

jejunum has numerous tight coils surrounding the spiral loop of

A

ascending colon

176
Q

paneth cells in what species

A

In ruminants, horses, man, rats & mice
NOT in pigs, carnivores

177
Q

where are paneth cells seen

A

in the base of the crypts of Lieberkühn in the small
intestine:

178
Q

small intestine in ruminants contain what 4 cells

A

absorptive cells (enterocytes),
goblet cells,
enteroendocrine cells,
paneth cells

179
Q

paneth cells produce

A

secretory granules which contain antimicrobial peptides and immunomodulating proteins

180
Q

functions of paneth cells

A
  • The dense granules produced by Paneth cells contain
    antimicrobial peptides and immunomodulating proteins.
  • These function to regulate
    the composition of the intestinal flora.
  • These antimicrobial molecules are key mediators of interactions between the host, and the microbiota of the rumen.
  • This includes helping to maintain a homeostatic balance with colonizing microbiota, as
    well as providing innate immune protection from enteric pathogens. - Paneth cells secrete factors that help sustain and modulate the epithelial stem and progenitor
    cells that cohabitate in the crypts.
  • This helps rejuvenate the small intestinal epithelium
181
Q

describe caecum of ruminants

A

Wide, slightly s-shaped
High on right of abdomen
Apex directed caudal & left
Near pelvic inlet

182
Q

the ascending colon: 3 loops

A

Proximal S-shaped loop
- In line with caecum

Spiral loop
- Flat disc-shaped
- Centripetal loops
→ Central flexure
→ Centrifugal loops

Distal Loop
- Caudal, then cranial

183
Q

transverse colon

A

short, dorsal to pancreas

184
Q

descending colon

A
  • Runs along ascending duodenum
  • Close to dorsal abdominal wall
  • Mesocolon lengthens near pelvis
  • Greater mobility for rectal exams
185
Q

is the anus glandless

A

yes

186
Q

liver is almost entirely on ___ side

A

right

187
Q

where is liver most cranial and most caudal

A
  • Most cranial at 6th intercostal
  • Most caudal at right kidney at 13th rib
188
Q

gall bladder extends beyond

A

ventral margin

189
Q

liver lobes in cattle/sheep

A

left lobe is single
right lobe is single (not divided into medial and lateral)
quadrate lobe
caudate lobe
small papillary process

190
Q

round ligament of liver is remnant of

A

umbilical vein

191
Q

pancreas where is right and left lobes found

A

Right lobe
Associated with descending
duodenum

Left lobe
Retroperitoneal
Between the rumen, the liver and
diaphragm

192
Q

Which of the following dental formulas for the ruminant is INCORRECT?

A.
2(I0/4 C0/0 P3/3 M3/3) = 32

B.
2(Di 0/4 Dc 0/0 Dp 3/3) = 20

C.
2(I0/3 C0/1 P3/3 M3/3) = 32

D.
2(I4/4 C0/0 P3/3 M3/3) = 32

A

D.
2(I4/4 C0/0 P3/3 M3/3) = 32

192
Q

goat with 2 permanent incisors is approx how old

6mo
14mo
2 yo
2.5 yo

A

14 mo

193
Q

The tongue in the ruminant can be used as a piston, generating a negative pressure in the mouth for suction. Which of the following structures does NOT contribute to generating this negative pressure?

A.
Lingual torus

B.
Lenticular papilla

C.
Conical papilla

A

C.
Conical papilla

194
Q

Movement in the frontal and transverse planes of the mandible in ruminants is freer than it is in carnivores. This lateral movement is due to ruminants having strong:

A

Masseter and pterygoid muscles

195
Q

Which compartment of the ruminant stomach is indicated by an asterisk (*) in the image? (look at pic)

A

Abomasum

196
Q

What type of mucosa lines the abomasum; glandular or non glandular

A

Glandular

197
Q

The rumen occupies the majority of which side of the abdomen in the cow?

A

Left

198
Q

What groove is shown at A? see pic q 8 practice quiz

***go through practice quiz, multiple pic questions!!!

A

Left longitudinal groove

199
Q

Which compartment of the complex stomach has 3 layers of smooth muscle within laminae? (book)

A

Omasum

200
Q

When a young animal suckles, the gastric groove closes over. This creates a channel which funnels milk from the oesophagus to the __________, bypassing the __________ and __________. The milk then flows into the __________.

A

Omasum; rumen; reticulum; abomasum

201
Q

Which of the following is NOT present in the abomasum?

A.
Torus pyloricus

B.
Vela abomasica

C.
Papillae

D.
Cardiac glands

A

Papillae

202
Q

Which groove of the rumen does the superficial layer of the greater omentum arise from?

A

Left longitudinal groove

203
Q

Which groove of the rumen does the deep layer of the greater omentum arise from?

A

Right longitudinal groove

204
Q

Which sac of the rumen sits in the omental bursa?

A

Ventral sac

205
Q

What structure do BOTH the deep and superficial layers of the greater omentum attach to, creating the supraomental recess which acts as a sling for the intestines?

A

Ventral descending duodenum

206
Q

Which of the following cell types is found in the small intestine of the ruminant, but NOT in the carnivore?

A

Paneth cells

207
Q

In the cow, is the spiral loop of the ascending colon sacculated?

A

No

208
Q

Which of the following CORRECTLY describes the arrangement of the liver lobes in the ruminant?

A

Single left lobe; single right lobe; quadrate lobe; caudate lobe with small papillary process

VETS1003 (23 decks)

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