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VETS1003 > prehension, mastication and ensalivation > Flashcards

prehension, mastication and ensalivation Flashcards

1
Q

prehension

A

moving food into mouth for mastication; use hands/paws, lips, teeth, or tongue

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2
Q

how do dogs and cats hold prey

A

hold with paws/ claws, use canines to grip with wide opening mouth, chop prey using carnassial teeth

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3
Q

wolves tend to hunt:

feral cats tend to hunt:

A
  • easiest option available; require stimulus of running animal to proceed w attack, an prey that holds its ground has greater likelihood of survival
  • live prey
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4
Q

how do predators kill medium-sized prey

A
  • bite throat
  • sever nerve tracks and carotid artery thus causing animal to die quickly
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5
Q

how do predators kill small prey

A

leap in high arc and immobilize with their forepaws

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6
Q

mastication

A

to chew; cutting or grinding food into smaller pieces for swallowing

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7
Q

saliva

A

complex secretion resulting from several glands; many are small in mucosa or submucosa or lips, tongue and palate whereas salivary glands proper are large with well-defined ducts

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7
Q

mastication in carnivores

A
  • minimal
  • meat or bone cut into smaller bits by carnassial teeth
  • temporal muscle creates strong vertical force
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8
Q

name the salivary glands

A

parotid, mandibular, sublingual and zygomatic which is only in carnivores

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9
Q

function of saliva

A
  • moisten and lubricate mouth and pharynx
  • maintain health w antimicrobial properties and buffering agents
  • dissolving substances to be tasted
  • help suspend, bind together and lubricate food
  • thermoregulation
  • amylase in some species; initial breakdown of carbs
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10
Q

serous glands

A

produce watery secretion which may contain enzymes, stain basophilic (purple)

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11
Q

mucous glands

A

produce mucin, columnar, pale staining with basal nuclei

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12
Q

mixed glands

A

serous and mucous secreting cells

may form demilunes; cap of serous secreting cells sits around an acini (alveoli) containing mucous secreting cells

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13
Q

proper salivary glands have some combo of ______ patterns and known as ________ with a complex system of ducts

A

tubular and alveolar patterns

tubulo-alveolar glands

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14
Q

the acini or alveolus portions of salivary glands are made up of

A

pyramid-shaped cells around a central lumen, surrounded by contractile myoepithelial cells

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15
Q

the glandular portions of salivary glands and their associated ducts are separated

A

by connective tissues into lobules; multiple lobules form a lobe

16
Q

ducts that lie within the lobes of salivary glands are known as

A

intralobular

17
Q

ducts that lie between the lobes of salivary glands are known as

A

interlobular ducts

bigger ducts

18
Q

intercalated ducts

A

first part of the intralobular duct, short duct which have cuboidal cell type, very small lumen

they empty into larger striated ducts with taller cells

19
Q

striated ducts

A

intercalated ducts empty into striated ducts with taller cells

here the basal membrane appears striated due to numerous infoldings of the basal membrane which increase the SA for the modification of saliva

20
Q

after striated ducts, the ducts get larger and the epithelium changes from

A

columnar to cuboidal as cells become less active and require less cytoplasm

sometime stratified cuboidal ducts seen (2 layers)

21
Q

parotid gland

A
  • lies in retromandibular fossa (space between ramus of mandible and wing of atlas) and dorsally comes up to base of external ear
  • triangular or club like shape over horizontal ear canal
  • lighter colour
  • serous
  • partly covered by parotidoauricular msucle
22
Q

parotid ducts

A

crosses lateral masseter muscle between dorsal and central buccal nerves and opens at parotid papilla

23
Q

mandibular gland

A
  • caudal and medial to angle of jaw
  • partly covered by parotid
  • well encapsulated in dog and cat
  • mixed gland (mainly mucous in cat and dog)
  • opens near frenulum at rostral most opening of sublingual caruncles
24
Q

sublingual gland

A
  • floor of mouth
  • mixed, mainly mucous
  • the monostomatic sublingual gland; single duct opens close to or with mandibular duct
  • the polystomatic sublingual gland consists of chain of lobules, each discharging through own duct into lateral sublingual recess
25
Q

zygomatic gland

A
  • dorsal buccal
  • carnivores only
  • rostral orbit
  • between zygomatic arch and eyeball
  • drains to papillae near parotid papillae, lateral to upper M1
26
Q

von ebner glands

A
  • minor glands
  • serous
  • sit under foliate and circumvallate papillae
27
Q

molar glands in cats

A
  • minor glands
  • large labial glands
  • caudomedial to lower M1
28
Q

salivary gland receive both sympathetic fibres through ______

and parasympathetic fibers from _____

A
  • nerve plexuses around blood vessels

-parasympathetic components of facial and glossopharyngeal nerves

29
Q

typically sympathetic stimulation increases or decreases salivation

A

vasoconstriction (decreases salivation)

however direct effect of increased secretion occurs w increased stimulation ie hypersalivating aggressive dogs

30
Q

typically parasympathetic stimulation increases or decreases salivation

A
  • increases; vasodilation
  • contraction of myoepithelial cells
31
Q

Which of the following is the MAIN structure used by rodents to stabilise food and move it to the mouth for mastication?

A

forelimbs

32
Q

Which of the following muscles contributes the MOST to the large crushing force of the jaws in carnivores?

A

Temporalis muscle

33
Q

Which of the following is NOT one of the large, major salivary glands?

Parotid gland

Mandibular gland

Lingual gland

Zygomatic gland

A

Lingual gland

34
Q

Which type of salivary glands produce a watery secretion which may contain enzymes, and tend to stain basophilic (purple) in a H&E stain?

A

serous

35
Q

Which major salivary gland lies in the retromandibular fossa, and comes up to the base of the external ear dorsally?

A

parotid gland

36
Q

Swelling of which of the following glands can cause proptosis of the eyeball?

A

zygomatic gland

37
Q

An increase in parasympathetic stimulation causes what effect on salivation?

A

increases salivation

38
Q

There are 4 large, “proper” salivary glands, which are generally a combination of tubular and alveolar patterns and have a complex system of ducts. Which of the following is one of the 4 large, major salivary glands?

Palatine gland

Sublingual gland

Lingual gland

Labial gland

A

sublingual gland

VETS1003 (23 decks)

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