digestive anatomy of PIG Flashcards
pigs have an extra bone in nose in their nose called _____
whats it for
os rostrale
rooting behaviours
describe upper and lower incisors
lower incisors project rostrally to meet the curved upper incisors to aid in grasping
the premolars and molars are adapted to ____ plant material, rather than grinding it as we see in herbivores
crush
pig are omnivores, herbivores or carnivores
omnivores
what kind of teeth do pigs have
brachydont
what surface of cheek teeth is more significant than in carnivores
what do they have many of making the surface irregular
occlusal
tubercle
roots of canines
grow for a long time, form the tusks in boars, stop about 2 yrs old in wo2w
warthog tusks
distinct tusks, upper and lower canines form tusks upper project laterally beneath the lip and then curving upwards
warthog tusks are mainly used for
- fighting and defensive behaviour
- dig up food
dental formula pigs
similar to dogs, extra upper molar
2(I 3/3 C 1/1 P 4/4 M 3/3) = 44
needle teeth
- i3 and c teeth
- can be clipped at birth
- project laterally
- damage sows teeth
babirusa
babirusa has upper tusks that pierce the flesh and grow through the top of its snout
no other wild pigs have this unique feature
pig tongue shape
epiglottis shape
narrow tongue, rounded epiglottis
papillae in tongue
fungiform, vallate and foliate
(look at pic slide 11)
which gland is much larger than in the dog, what does it cover
- parotid gland
- covers the more medial mandibular salivary gland
where are the major tonsils.
large flat follicular tonsils on ventral surface of soft palate
extend down lateral walls of oropharynx
diverticulum of laryngopharynx is ____ to entrance of esophagus
dorsal
stomach is mostly
glandular
parts of stomach
cardia, fundus, body, pylorus
diverticulum ventriculi
dorsomedial blind pouch which occurs off the fundus, pointing
caudally
esophagus in pigs muscle type
skeletal muscle except for the
distal 10% where it transitions to smooth muscle
stomach is less distensible; only extends beyond ribs when
engorged
non glandular section of stomach
- small section
- whitish, rough, often stained green
- around cardia
cardiac region is very
extensive; lining one third of stomach including fundus, diverticulum ventriculi
fundic region makes up most of
body of stomach
in the lesser curvature of the pylorus is the
fatty pyloricus; a protrusion which serves to narrow the pyloric aperture
pig has fairly abundant lymphatic tissue with nodules numerous in the
cardiac gland region, and concentrated in the diverticulum ventriculi
stomach ulcers associated with
stress and finely ground feed
non glandular region of stomach is around the
esophageal sphincter
jejunum consists of a
large number of small loops
jejunum location
RHS
loops suspended in sublumbar region touching right abdominal wall
when stomach is empty jejunum moves
when it is full jejunum moves
left and cranially
caudally
taenia
from distinct longitudinal bands along intestine
haustra
taenia cause the intestines to bunch up forming haustra
longitudinal muscle layers of intestines are much
thicker; form the longitudinal bands (taenia)
caecum location
large, left of abdominal cavity, caudoventrally
how many taenia does caecum have
3
in the caecum, the ventral band of smooth muscle (ventral taenia) attaches to
iliocaecal fold
ascending colon forms a
spiral loops; 3.5 centripetal (towards center) turns
enclosing tightly coiled returning centrifugal (towards outer) which leads out of the base of the cone into the transverse colon
how many taenia does the centripetal outer loops of colon have (absent in smaller centrifugal coils)
2
where does colon lie
middle third of left side of abdomen, leaving the caudal and right regions available to jejunum
enclosing tightly coiled returning centrifugal (towards outer) which leads out of the base of the cone into the
transverse colon around root of mesenteries
The spiral loop is
suspended by the
ascending mesocolon which is attached to the root of the
mesentery
The transverse colon passes from
right to left cranial to the root of the mesentery.
The descending colon is close to the mid‐line
mid‐line
The descending colon supported by the
fatty descending mesocolon.
T or F a rectal ampulla is present in colon
true
liver lies largely to
right of median plane
The pig’s liver is fairly mobile,
due partly to
deep interlobar notches
pig liver lobes
LL, LM, Q, RM, RL, C
is there papillary processes
no
caudate process does not extend caudally to right kidney, means there is no
Hepatorenal Ligament aka Caudate Ligament
what is normal in pig organs
lots of connective tissue; lobules visible on surface
connective tissue on liver will make a ________ extremely difficult
needle aspirate
The dental formula of pigs is similar to dogs; however, pigs have an extra:
Upper molar
The needle teeth in piglets can be clipped at birth. Which teeth are these?
i3 and c
The pig has a much larger __________ salivary gland than the dog, which covers the more medial __________ gland.
Parotid; mandibular
What is the name of the dorsomedial blind pouch which occurs off the fundus in the stomach of pigs?
Diverticulum ventriculi
What kind of glands are present in mucosa of the small, rough, whitish area around the cardia in the pigs stomach?
This area is non-glandualar mucosa
In pigs and ruminants there is a fatty protrusion in the lesser curvature of the pylorus, which serves to narrow the pyloric opening. This fatty protrusion is known as the:
Torus pyloricus
The longitudinal muscle layer in the intestines of pigs is much thicker than in dogs. As such, they form distinct longitudinal bands along the intestines. What are these bands called?
Taenia
The ascending colon in pigs and ruminants forms a spiral loop. Which of the following statements correctly describes the structure of the spiral colon in pigs?
The spiral colon has 3 ½ centripetal turns (towards centre), enclosing tightly coiled returning centrifugal turns (towards outer), which lead out of the base of the cone into the transverse colon
Which of the following statements regarding the liver of the pig is INCORRECT?
A.
It lies mainly to the right of the midline
B.
The caudate lobe does not have a papillary process
C.
The caudate process of the caudate lobe reaches the right kidney, and has a impression for the right kidney in it
D.
Unlike the ruminant, the left and right lobes of the liver are separated into lateral and medial lobes. The pig therefore has a left lateral lobe, left medial lobe, right lateral lobe, and a right medial lobe.
C.
The caudate process of the caudate lobe reaches the right kidney, and has a impression for the right kidney in it
The longitudinal muscle layer in the intestines in some species are thickened, forming distinct longitudinal bands that are called taenia along the intestines. Which of the following species does NOT have taenia?
Cat
