Technology-Chapter 9

Question 1

Processor

Answer 1

The device that does the actual computing by its technical name, other common names are computer, microprocessor, central processor, CPU (central processing unit)

Question 2

operating system (OS)

Answer 2

makes a computer a useful device, preforms: loading programs, sharing memory with multiple apps..

Question 3

apps

Answer 3

programs- for our phones, laptops, tablets, and other devices.

Question 4

The fetch/execution cycle

Answer 4

process of executing an instruction, gets program and data bits from the memory and puts data bits back into the memory

Question 5

execution

Answer 5

is the proper term for what processors do

Question 6

memory stores millions of

Answer 6

bits, bits are the medium of information , referred to as 0’s and 1’s, programs and data are encoded into bits

Question 7

splash screen

Answer 7

is an image that displays before an application starts running, and this one fades in, fades out, and then goes on the actual application,

Question 8

opacity of the screen

Answer 8

how transparent it is

if the opacity is 1.0 or greater, it is not transparent at all

Question 9

software stack

Answer 9

already been produced and then implemented in to the program , range from lower levels to higher levels

Question 10

Fetch/Execute Cycle

Answer 10

implemented in hardware
consists of getting the next instruction, figuring out what to do, gathering the data needed to doit, doing it, saving the result, and repeating the cycle again and again.

Question 11

All computers have atlas five basic parts:

Answer 11

the memory, control unit, arithmetic/logic unit (ALU), input unit, and output unit

Question 12

Memory has the following properties

Answer 12

Discrete locations- memory is organized as a sequence pf discrete locations
Addresses-every memory location has an address- starting at 0
Values- Memory locations record or store values
Finite Capacity- (limited size), programmers must keep in mind that the data may not “fit” in the memory location

Question 13

memory words

Answer 13

blocks of 4 bytes

Question 14

The fetch/execute cycle steps

Answer 14

instruction fetch ( IF)
instruction decode (ID)
data fetch (DF)
instruction execute (EX)
result return (RR)

Question 15

RAM

Answer 15

Random access memory, the computer can refer to the memory locations in any order, measured by megabytes or gigabytes

Question 16

Control Unit

Answer 16

Is the hardware implementation of the Fetch/Execute cycle, its circuitry fetches an instruction from memory and preforms the other operations of the cycle on it. has two registers

Question 17

first register of the control unit

Answer 17

instruction register; which is where the control unit keeps the instructions that it’s working on

Question 18

second register of the control unit

Answer 18

program counter, gives the memory location of the next instruction that the control unit will work on

Question 19

Arithmetic/ Logic Unit (ALU)

Answer 19

is the part of the computer that does the actual computation during the Instruction Execute step of the F/E Cycle.

Question 20

Operands

Answer 20

Data fetch gets the values from memory for the ALU so it can preform operations like add and multiply , these values are called this.

Question 21

Peripherals

Answer 21

connect to the processor’s input/output ports, providing it with input or receiving its output.

Question 22

Device driver

Answer 22

gives the keyboard its standard meaning and behavior

Question 23

Indirect reference

Answer 23

referring to a value by referring to the address in memory where it is stored-is fundamental to a computers versatility

Question 24

Program counter

Answer 24

computers keep track of which instructions to execute next by its address

Question 25

Pipeline

Answer 25

the reason processors run faster than the five ticks per cycle is computer engineers do this to the fetch and execute cycle

Question 26

assembler

Answer 26

is the program that creates binary memory words by replacing our symbolic letters , like add, with binary equivalent

Question 27

Integrated circuits

Answer 27

are important because the technology allows extremely complex devices to be made cheaply and reliably.

Question 28

integration

Answer 28

microchip technology bc of this

Question 29

photolithography

Answer 29

integrated circuits are made by this, a printing process.

Question 30

photoresist

Answer 30

light sensitive material and a mask is over it

Question 31

field effect

Answer 31

that charged objects have on each other without actually touching is called this