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Fall 2016 > Technology-Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Technology-Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Pixels

A

from picture elements, are small points of colored light arranged in a grid to form a computer display

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2
Q

RGB-always in that order

A

Each pixel is formed from three colors lights: red, green, blue

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3
Q

white and black result from,,,

A

white- high intensity

black-turning off all of them

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4
Q

Intensities

A

All colors are made by using different amounts of intensities by all three lights.

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5
Q

Pixels , the light shines directly at our eyes which means

A

nothing is absorbed nor reflected

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6
Q

Thin Film TransiStor (TFT)

A

A form of liquid crystal display (LCD), known also as active matrix, these are the standard “flat” or “thin” displays used for laptops, phones, and so on.

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7
Q

Representing the color os a single pixels requires..

A

3 bytes

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8
Q

Brightness refers to

A

how close to the white the pixels are

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9
Q

Contrast

A

is the side of the difference between the darkest and lightest portions of the image

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10
Q

100%

A

white point

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11
Q

0%

A

black point

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12
Q

gamma point

A

midpoint

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13
Q

The force , or intensity of the push, determines the volume, and the frequency ( the number of waves per second) of the pushes is the ..

A

pitch

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14
Q

analog

A

the key from a digitization point of view is that the object vibrates continuously, producing a continuously changing wave.

convert data to bits

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15
Q

Thomas edison

A

analog rep.

scratch on a wax cylinder

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16
Q

Sample

A

to take measurements at regular intervals

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17
Q

sampling rate

A

the number of samples in a second

18
Q

Nyquist rule

A

a sampling rate must be at least twice as fast as the fastest frequency

19
Q

humans can hear

A

20,000 hz

20
Q

transduscer

A

converts a sound wave into an electrical wave

21
Q

analog-to-digtal converter (ADC)

digitizing process

A

an electrical signal is fed into this, which takes the continuos wave and smokes it at regular intervals, outputting for each sample binary numbers

22
Q

Digital-to-analog converter (DAC)

reversed to play sound

A

The numbers are read from memory into the decompressor which produces binary numbers, they are inputed into this and creates an electrical wave by interpolation between the digital values- that is, filling in or smoothly moving from one value to another.

23
Q

Bits must represent

A

positive and negative values

the more bits, the more accurate the measurements

24
Q

audio number of bits

A

16

25
Q

advantages of digital sound

A

fix and compress it, reproduce exactly

26
Q

compression ratio

A

number of bits is reduced to about one-tenth of what it was

27
Q

Compression

A

means to change the representation in order to use fewer bits to store or transmit information

28
Q

Run-length encoding

A

uses binary numbers to specify how long the first sequence of 0’s is , then how long the following sequence of 1’s is, then how long the following sequence of 0’s is , and so on.

29
Q

Run-length encoding is a lossless compression scheme which means

A

meaning that the original representation of 0’sand 1’s can be perfectly reconstructed from the compressed version.
ex: MP3

30
Q

lossy compression

A

that the original representation cannot be exactly reconstructed from the compressed form.

31
Q

JPEG

A

invented by the Joint Photographic Experts Group of the ISO. is a lossy compression technique that exploits the same kinds of “human perception” characteristics that MP3 does, only for light and color.

32
Q

luminance

A

small changes in brightness

33
Q

chrominance

A

small differences in color

34
Q

MPEG

A

Motion Picture Experts Group of the ISO, JPEG-type compression is applied to each frame, but then “interframe coherency” is used.

35
Q

Optical Character Recognition

A

let you search for a word in the picture, pixel must be converted to text by this process

36
Q

features

A

When a computer scans a group of pixels looking for edges where the color changes, form these into this, parts of a character to be recognized

37
Q

Classifier

A

uses the features and matches them to an alphabet to determine which one is close

38
Q

Latency

A

the time it takes for information to be created or delivered-greatly influences our experience with technology

39
Q

absolute limit

A

the speed of light, lenders the fastness of seeing an image

40
Q

Bandwidth

A

a measure of how much information is transmitted per unit of time

41
Q

Bias-Free Universal Medium Principle

A

bits can represent all discrete information; bits have no inherent meaning

42
Q

Interpretation

A

the meaning of bits comes from us or by the computer through our programs

Fall 2016 (32 decks)

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