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Fall 2016 > Technology- Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Technology- Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Computations Big Ideas

A

Digitizing information, stored-program computers, transistors, integrated circuits, personal computers, the internet, world wide web, layered software

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2
Q

What was the big break through?

A

Getting a machine to read digital information

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3
Q

Herman Hollerith

A
  • First “production” application of digital information
  • worked for U.S Cenus Bureau
  • By hand-in year 1880-took eight years
  • machine-in year 1890-took one year*****
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4
Q

What year was the WWW created?

A

1993

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5
Q

What year was the Macintosh launched ?

A

1984

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6
Q

What year was the Ethernet Developed?

A

1973

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7
Q

Punch Cards

A

They worked by having a metal roller that used a brush to poke a hole and then this makes an electrical connection. The electrical signal the goes on to further processing. The machine uses an odometer which separates the input into two stacks, then running the machine through once again to count them. This device is not a computer,

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8
Q

Hardware

A

built out of wires, rollers, and motors.

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9
Q

Central processing unit

A

solved the rewiring problem by using a special device which preforms instructions stored in the computers memory

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10
Q

Software

A

memory bits, applies a layered approach, in which programs at one level apply code for the more primitive operations from lower levels, and provide more advanced facilities for higher levels.

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11
Q

Advantages of software

A

Programs can be changed rapidly
programs can be more complex-( the complexity became a big problem with computers though)
computations are autonomous

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12
Q

ENIAC- Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer

A

First electronic computer, weighed 30 tons , contained 17,000 vacuum tubes***

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13
Q

Transistors were created by..

A

John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley- they received the nobel peace prize in 1947

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14
Q

What are transistors?

A
  • Low power, meaning less heat
  • extremely reliable
  • small in size
  • allowed for computers to become a lot less smaller but made for more complex CPU
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15
Q

How was memory made?

A

By stringing tiny magnetic donuts onto a grid of wire threads.

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16
Q

Integration

A

are monolithic blocks (chips) made of silicon and closely related elements in which both active parts like transistors and connective parts like wires are fabricated together in a multistep process.

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17
Q

Photolithography

A

Chip makers print the wires onto the chip, and continue to print layers that in total contribute to the overall circuit.

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18
Q

Contact cuts

A

When holes are the glass layer printed has holes in it to allow wires to become connected.

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19
Q

Mask

A

Required for printing to specify the shapes of a layer

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20
Q

Complexity is cheap to manufacture but…

A

expensive to design

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21
Q

Chips

A

more powerful than ENIAC

22
Q

Moore’s Law

A
  • Named after Gordon Moore- Intel chairman
  • increased process of chips due to silicon foundries
  • personal computers came of this advancement
23
Q

The first personal machine

A
  • Was made in 1973 at Xerox’s Palo Alto Research Center
  • Introduced the mouse and graphical user interface
  • 40,000-never sold
24
Q

What attracted people to buy a computer?

A
  • games, email, word processing

- parents thought it would help kids with school work-caused a gap in technology in our generations

25
Q

ARPANet-Advanced Research Projects Agency Network

A
  • sent its first packet in 1969
  • networks connected together
  • used protocol called TCP ( Transmission Control Protocol) / IP ( Internet Protocol)
  • First used for army use**
26
Q

Main original use of internet was for

A

Emailing and transferring files

27
Q

Home Page

A

Where everyone could access the documents, images, and other resources of CERN ( Central European Research Networking).

28
Q

HTTP Protocol -Hyper Text Transfer Protocol

A

Your browser ( the client) and the host ( the web server) know exactly how to interact: what’s requested and what will be returned, and how, and in what format.

29
Q

When developing software and content it is crucial to have..

A

TCIP/IP and HTTP

30
Q

Mosaic

A

***The first widely used web browser, got its name because it handled several of the protocols competing at the start.

31
Q

Firefox Browser

A

The grandchild of Mosaic

32
Q

Spaghetti Code

A

Referred to programs whose logic was incomprehensibly knotted like a pile of spaghetti.

33
Q

Key points about layered software development are..

A
  • programmers can use the software in these boxes before even knowing how they work.
  • More boxes will be included as technology advances
  • It becomes more and more complex with the programers
34
Q

le mot juste

A

the right phrase or word

35
Q

Tech Support

A

You are able to communicate with a tech support staffer using email, chat or phone or the help button.

36
Q

Why have computers become so cheaper and smaller?

A

The Moore’s law effect and the market is huge which motivates innovation

37
Q

Processor

A

Includes the CPU, a small amount of memory called a cache, and is connected to some input and/or output devices.

38
Q

ARM

A

A processor specialized to be part of other systems, though its found everywhere these days. Advanced RISC( Reduced Instruction-Set Computer) Machine

39
Q

Software

A

A collective term for programs, the instructions computers perform to implement applications. Software instructs the computer hardware by providing the steps needed to perform a task.

40
Q

Programming

A

Instructing an agent to perform some function or action by giving a step by step process

41
Q

Agent

A

Anything that can follow the instructions

42
Q

Booting

A

To start a computer

43
Q

Rebooting

A

To restart a computer

44
Q

Algorithms

A

A precise and systematic method for producing a specified result

45
Q

Five characteristics of an Algorithm

A

input specified,output specified,definite, effective, finite

46
Q

Abstract

A

To remove the basic concept, idea, or process from a situation

47
Q

Abstraction

A

The removed concept id usually expressed in another, more succinct and usually more general form. ex: a car

48
Q

Generalize

A

To express an idea, concept, or process that applies to many situations

49
Q

Generalization

A

The statement that sums up that idea.

50
Q

Operationally Attuned

A

To apply what we know about how a device or a system works to simplify its use

51
Q

Mnemonic

A

An aid for remembering something

52
Q

Information is ..

A

Data, and data is information

Fall 2016 (32 decks)

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