Biology-Chapter 6

Question 1

Photosynthesis

Answer 1

plants convert the energy of sunlight to the chemical energy of sugars and other organic molecules

Question 2

autotrophs

Answer 2

are organisms that make all their own organic matter-including carbohydrates,lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids- from nutrients that are entirely inorganic:carbon dioxide from the air and water and minerals from the soil

Question 3

what chemical ingredients do plants require from the environment to synthesize their own food?

Answer 3

CO2, H2O, and soil minerals

Question 4

heterotrophs

Answer 4

organisms that cannot make organic molecules from inorganic ones.

Question 5

producers

Answer 5

plants and other autotrophs

Question 6

consumers

Answer 6

They obtain their food by eating plants or by eating animals that have eaten plants.

Question 7

What is misleading about the following statement? “plants have chloroplasts that perform photosynthesis, whereas animals have mitochondria that perform cellular respiration”.

Answer 7

it implies that cellular respiration does not also occur in plants. it does

Question 8

At both the organismal and cellular levels, respiration involves taking in the gas ______ and expelling the gas____.

Answer 8

O2,CO2

Question 9

Aerobic

Answer 9

cellular respiration is this, which is just another way of saying that it requires oxygen.

Question 10

cellular respiration

Answer 10

as the aerobic harvesting of chemical energy from organic fuel molecules.

Question 11

glycolysis

Answer 11

a molecule of glucose is split into two molecules of a compound called pyruvic acid

Question 12

citric acid cycle

Answer 12

completes the breakdown of glucose all the way to CO2, which is then released as a waste product.

Question 13

NADH

Answer 13

an electron transfer forms a molecule called this, that acts as a shuttle carrying high energy electrons from one area of the cell to another.

Question 14

electron transport

Answer 14

the third stage of cellular respiration, electrons captured from food by the NADH formed in the first two stages are stripped of their energy, a little bit at a time, until they are finally combined with oxygen to form water.

Question 15

Which stages of cellular respiration take place in the mitochondria ? which stage takes place outside the mitochondria?

Answer 15

the citric acid cycle and electron transport, glycolysis

Question 16

two molecules of what compound are produced by glycolysis? does this molecule enter the citric acid cycle?

Answer 16

pyretic acid, no it is first converted to acetic acid

Question 17

electron transport chain

Answer 17

the rest of the cascade consists of this

Question 18

ATP synthase

Answer 18

is constructed from proteins built into the inner mitochondrial membrane, adjacent to the proteins of th electron transport chains.

Question 19

what is the potential energy source that drives ATP production by ATP synthase?

Answer 19

a concentration gradient of H+ across the inner membrane of a mitochondrian

Question 20

Which stage of cellular respiration produces the majority of ATP?

Answer 20

electron transport

Question 21

anaerobic

Answer 21

without oxygen

Question 22

fermentation

Answer 22

harvest of food energy, relies on glycolysis, the first stage of cellular respiration.

Question 23

How many molecules of ATP can be produced from one molecule of glucose during fermentation ?

Answer 23

two

Question 24

What kind of acid builds up in human muscle during strenuous activity ?

Answer 24

lactic acid