Bio-Chapter 7 Flashcards
Photosynthesis
is a process whereby plants, algae, and certain bacteria transform light energy into chemical energy, using carbon dioxide and water as starting materials and releasing oxygen gas as a by-product.
Chloroplasts
photosynthesis in plants and algae occurs within light absorbing organelles called this
chlorophyll
a pigment in the chloroplasts that plays a central role in converting solar energy to chemical energy.
stomata
carbon dioxide enters a leaf, and oxygen exits, by way of tiny pores called this.
stroma
the chloroplast’s inner membrane encloses a compartment filled with this, a thick fluid
grana
thylakoids are concentrated on stacks called this
thylakoids
suspended in the storm are interconnected membranous sacs called this
photosynthesis takes place within organelles called___ using gases that are exchanged via pores called___
chloroplasts, stomata
what molecules are the inputs of photosynthesis?what molecules are the outputs?
CO2 and H2O, glucose and O2
name the two stages of photosynthesis in their proper order.
light reactions , calvin cycle
light reactions
chlorophyll in the thylakoid membranes absorbs solar energy , which is then converted to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH( and electron carrier)
Calvin cycle
uses the products of the light reactions to power the production of sugar from carbon dioxide
carbon fixation
the initial incorporation of carbon from CO2 into organic compounds is called this
wavelength
the distance between the crests of two adjacent waves
electromagnetic spectrum
the full range of radiation, from the very short wavelengths of gamma rays to the very long wavelengths of radio signals
chlorophyll a
the pigment that participates directly in the light reactions, absorbs mainly blue-violet and red light
what is the specific name of the pigment that absorbs energy during the light reactions?
chlorophyll a
photon
is a fixed quantity of light energy
photosystem
has a cluster of a few hundred pigment molecules , including chlorophylls a and b and some carotenoids.
what is the role of a reaction center during photosynthesis?
a reaction center transfers a light-excited photon from pigment molecules to molecules that can use this trapped energy to drive chemical reactions
what is the function of NADPH in the calvin cycle
it provides the high energy electrons that are added to CO2 to form G3P
why is water required as a reactant in photosynthesis
the splitting of water provides electrons for converting NAD+ to NADPH
in addition to conveying electrons between photosystems, the electron transport chains of chloroplasts provide the energy for the synthesis of ___
ATP
