Technology-Chapter 7 Flashcards
digitize
to represent information with digits
calls for the use of 10 digits
can be placed in order
digit
ten, 0-9
player encoding
uses the standard symbols from music players
refer to ! as
bang or star instead of using that word
collating sequence
to place information ignored by using symbols (other than digits), we need to agree on an ordering for the basic symbols.
digitizing
representing information by symbols-not just the ten digit symbols
Phenomenon
can be anything, light , charge, magnetism, pressure, color, velocity
Information
the presence or absence of a phenomenon at a specific place and time.
Digital information is either
present or absent
PandA
mnemonic for presence and absence, describes information that is black or white
PandA
binary system
mnemonic for presence and absence, describes information that is black or white
Bit
is the information produced in one PandA observation
embodies the information observed about a phenomenon (present or absent) at a specific place and time.
Binary system
two possible alternatives make PandA observation this..
Memory
bit definition, plus memory requires the ability to set the phenomenon to be either present or absent.
arranged inside a computer as a very long sequence of bits
Binary number system
computers to represent numbers in base 2, than to use bits to represent decimal digits.
Hexadecimal numbering system
hex- 16 numerals, and first six letters
binary numbers are different from decimal numbers by being limited to two digits rather than
ten digits. the number of digits- the base of the numbering system- is the only difference.
Decimal vs binary
decimal- we use place value-where each place represents the next higher power of 10.
1=10^0
binary-same idea but with powers of 2.
1=2^0
radix
the base of a numbering system, 10 decimal and 2 for binary.
radix
the base of a numbering system, 10 decimal and 2 for binary.
95 distinct symbols are able to be used in a keyboard with ..
7 bits
2^7=128, more than you need
ASCII- American Standard Code for Information Interchange
7 bit code, advantages:
- computer parts can be connected
- programs can create data and store it so that different programs can process it later
Extended ASCII is a ..
8 bit code, now know as ISO-8859-1
8 BITS =
1 BYTE
The NATO Broadcast alphabet
used in air traffic communication, encodes letters as words, the words are symbols, replacing the standard spoken names for the letters
Universal Product Codes-UPC
manufacturer code left side, product code right side, each side complements each other.
Unicode Transformation Format -UTF
The way characters are represented for the Web and other applications requiring international information exchange.
Metadata
information describing information
separate from the information that it describes
tags
most common way to give metadata
parity
refers to wether the number is even or odd
even parity
to encode bytes using this we use the normal byte encoding
why is byte spelt with a Y?
Werner Buchholz- worked for IBM supercomputer called stretch, created this to be a mass quantity of bit, common mistake to say bite, so put it as byte
