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Bio 2 > taxonomy > Flashcards

taxonomy Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

homologous structures

A

similarity from common ancestry

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2
Q

analogous structures

A

have the same function in different trees. No common ancestor

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3
Q

convergent evolution

A

similar features evolved independently in different lineages

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4
Q

4 traits systematic biologists use

A

morphological, fossil, behavior, molecular

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5
Q

morphological traits

A

analyze phenotypic characteristics

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6
Q

fossil traits

A

use time-based evidence of organism history

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7
Q

molecular traits

A

based on DNA analysis

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8
Q

mitochondrial DNA mutation rate vs nuclear DNA rate

A

mitochondrial mutates 10X faster

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9
Q

protein comparisons

A

compare particular protein’s AA (amino acid) sequences

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10
Q

molecular clocks

A

estimate divergence between species/groups. Based on random DNA mutations occurring at constant rate. Nuetral changes not under pressure.

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11
Q

Woese-Fox 3-Domain System

A

Bacteria - prokaryotes
Archaea - live in extreme environments/prokaryotes
Eukarya - all eukaryotes

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12
Q

Bacteria

A

unicellular prokaryotic (no nucleus)
some bacteria are pathogens
extracellular digestion/photosynthesis to gain nutrition

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13
Q

Archaea

A

unicellular prokaryotic
mostly anaerobic
variety of environments,
can tolerate harsh conditions

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14
Q

Eukarya

A

unicellular/multicellular

membrane-bound nucleus

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15
Q

Eukaryote Kingdoms

A

Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

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16
Q

Protista

A

Unicellular eukaryotes
paraphyletic - not a natural group
intracellular/extracellular digestion or photosynthesis to gain nutrition

17
Q

Fungi

A

gain nutrition through extracellular digestion of dead organic matter
Non-photosynthesizing plants
some parasitic

18
Q

Plantae

A

gain nutrition through photosynthesis

multicellular, autotrophic, eukaryotic

19
Q

Animalia

A

multicellular, heterotrophic, eukaryotic

gain nutrition through consumption of other organisms

20
Q

phylogeny

A

evolutionary history of a species/group of species

21
Q

taxon

A

group of organs with a set of shared traits

22
Q

ancestral trait

A

found in common ancestor

23
Q

derived trait

A

not found in common ancestor

24
Q

Three categories of extremophiles

A

thermoacidophiles - heat and acid tolerance
halophiles - salt tolerant
methanogens - methane producers

Bio 2 (17 decks)

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