Ch_33_Invertebrates_Part_1 Flashcards
Phylum Porifera common term
The Sponges
number of marine species in Porifera
7000
Porifera have _ adults and _ larvae
Sessile and Swimming
Sponge 3 layers
Outer Epidermis, Mesohyl, Spongocoel
How does water enter and exit Sponge Outer Epidermis
enters incurrent Ostia and exits through Osculum
what is the Mesohyl
middle layer that consists of gelatinous matrix
What does the Mesohyl gelatinous layer have?
spongin, spicules, and amoebocytes
Inner layer of Sponge
Spongocoel
Spongocoel is lined with _ to _ water
choanocytes, circulate
Sponge cell types
collar cells, amoebocytes
What are Sponge collar cells and what do they do?
flagellated choanocytes, circulate water
What do Sponge Amoebocytes do?
move with pseudopods, clean pores, secrete spongin and spicules
Sponge body forms
Asconoid, Syconoid, Leuconoid
3 type of sponges
glass, chalk, commercial
glass sponge
spicules and spongin made of silica, provide support
chalk sponge
spicules and spongin made of calcium carbonate
commercial sponges
spongin only, no spicules
sponge spicules types
calcareous, Hexactinellida, Domespongiae, spongin
3 types of Phylum Cnidaria animals
jellyfish, corals, hydrozoans
Cnidaria defining characteristic
nematocytes (cnidocytes), sting prey
Cnidaria 2 tissue layers and seperating part
outer epithelium, inner epithelium, mesoglea
2 types of Cnidaria bodies
Medusa and Polyp
Cnidaria body structure parts
tentacles, nerve net, 2 tissue layers, stinging cells (nematocytes), mesoglea
nematocysts definiton
specialized organelles in nematocytes (cnidocytes) to sting prey
Classes of Phylum Cnidaria
hydrozoa, schphozoa, cubozoa, anthozoa
Class Hydrozoa forms
medusa and Polyp
Class Schphozoa forms
Medusa prominent
Class Cubuzoa forms
Medusa prominent
Class Anthozoa forms
Polyp only
Hydra is a _ water animal
fresh
Hydra has a mobile _ body
polyp
Number of Hydra tissue layers
2
What does a hydra use the Epidermis for
catch food with cnidocytes
What does a hydra use Endordermis for
digestion
What is the hydra mesoglea
middle layer with gellatinous liquid
Hydra sperm created in _ and eggs created in _
tests, ovaries
Hydra are _phroditic
Hermaphroditic
Hermaphroditic definition
male and female on same body
Planula larvae comes from _
Fertilized Hydra zygote
Zooplankton
part of Hydra sexual reproduction? need to look this up
Hydra asexually reproduce through _
budding
Physalia is part of class _
Hydrozoa
Physalia common term
Portugueses Man-O-War
Physalia live in _ environments
marine
Physalia have a Multi-Polyp or Medussa body stile
Multi-Polyp
Word for floating air bladder on Physalia
pneumatophore
Physalia carry a very _
dangerous toxin
Class Scyphozoa common term
True Jellyfish
True Jellyfish are mostly Medusa or Ployp form
Medusa
Most Jellyfish have colors?
no, most are colorless
T/F Jellyfish are easy to see in the water
F, nearly invisible
Jellyfish reproduce with _
planula larvae
Class Cubozoa common term
Box Jellies
Cubozoa hava Dominant Medusa or Polyp form
Medusa
Cubozoa characteristics
strong swimmers, rudimentary eyes that form images, strong sting, fish predators
Class Anthozoa common term
Corals and Anemones
Anemone body form
sessile Polyp
T/F Anemone have stinging tentactles
T
Anemone asexually reproduce through _
budding
T/F Anemone never build reefs
F, some build reefs
3 types of Corals reefs
Fringing reefs, Barriers, Atolls
Fringing reef grows off of an _
island
Barrier reef creates a _ between reef and mainland
lagoon
Another word for a circular fringing reef
Atoll
How does Atoll form
starts as fringing reef, but island erodes leaving Atoll
Phylum Ctenophora common word
The Comb Jellies
How do Ctenophore move
via 8 rows of thick cilia
T/F Ctenophores will sting
F, Ctenophora have no stinging cells
How do Ctenophores capture food
utilizing 2 long sticky tentacles
Why are Ctenophora tenticles sticky?
contain colloblasts that secrete mucous-like adhesive
Some deep water Ctenophora emit light, this is a trait known as _
Bioluminescence
Common term for Ctenophora
Sea Walnuts
Phylum Platyhelminthes common term
The Flat Worms
Classes of Platyhelminthes
Turbellaria, Trematoda, Cestoda
Turbellaria another term
Planaria
Cestoda another term
Tapeworms
Trematoda another term
Flukes
Platyhelminthes characteristics
bilateral symmetric acoelomate body, three tissue layers
3 tissue layers of Platyhelminthes
ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
How do Platyhelminthes secrete small materials
thick protein cuticle/specialized ciliated cuticle with flame cells
How do Platyhelminthes secrete large wastes
excrected into gut and out mouth
This phylum had the first brain
Platyhelminthes, 1st brain
What was Platyhelminthes 1st brain called
nerve ganglion
The Platyhelminthes nerves are arranged in a _ shape
ladder-like
T/F Platyhelminthes are hermaphroditic
T
What is the advantage of Platyhelminthes being hermaphroditic
doubles reproductive rate
Class Tubellaria length
1 inch
Tubellaria have a _ cuticle
ciliated
Whare do Tubellaria live
fresh water lakes and ponds
This term describes when and how Tubellaria obtian nutrients
Nocturnal Saprovore
Free-living Planaria are part of class _
Turbellaria
Parastic Tapeworms belong to this class
class Cestoda
What does the Cestoda scolex attach to in host
intestine
What grows from Cestoda scole
proglottids aka body segments
How are Cestoda eggs released
in feces
Cestoda do not have _
digestive system
Schistosoma belong to this class
Trematoda
Trematoda phylum
Platyhelminthes
Schistosoma common term
Parasitic Blood Flukes
What does Schistosoma cause
Schistosomiasis
What are the effects of Schistosomiasis
infected liver slowly deteriorates
What do Schistosoma first infest
snails
Snails are known as a _ host for Schistosoma
secondary
Schistosoma exist in _ and _ larval form in Larvae
Cercariae and Miracidia
How do Schistosoma infect humans?
through skin
Who are the primary hosts of Schistosoma?
humans
Number of deaths each year due to Trematoda
800,000
Clonorchis common term
Chinese Liver Fluke
Clonorchis class
Trematoda
How are humans infected with Clonorchis
eating larvae infected raw fish
Clonorchis _ larvae infect snails
Miracidia
Clonorchis _ larvae infect fish
Cercariae
Nematoda common term
round worms
pseudoecolomate
have both anus and mouth and seperate holes
nemotoda are _coelomate, but have no _derm support
pseudocoelomate and mesoderm
many nematodes are _ to obtain energy
parasitic
do nematodes have seperate sexes
yes
How do parasitic nematodes prevent being digested when inside host
specialized cuticle
Pinworms belong to which phylum
Nematoda
T/F Pinworms do not spread easily
F
Where do Pinworms usually live
lower colon and rectum
Where does the Pinworm lay eggs
anus
Classic symptoms of Pinworms
severe itching
Pinworms are passed from person to person in what form
eggs
What is sterilized to treat Pinworms
towels, bedding, etc
Trichinella Spiralis causes _
Trichinosis
Trichinella Spiralis phylum
Nemotoda
How is Trichinella spiralis contracted
eating rare pork with larvae
Symptoms of Trichinosis
painful cysts in muscle tissue
Where does female Trichinella Spiralis burrow
intestine
After Trichinella Spiralis burrows into instestine, it releases offspring into the _
blood
Filarial Worms common term
Heart Worms
Filarial phylum
Nematoda
Microfilaria
juvenile filarial worms
How are Trichinella spiralis microfilaria worms transmitted
mosquito bite
Where do Heart Worms grow
heart
What is the effect of Heart Worms
slows blood flow
import for pet owners to give dogs _ _ to prevent Heart Worms
preventitive medicine
Wuchereria bancrofti phylum
Nematoda
Wuchereria bancrofti causes _
Elephantiasis
How is Wucheria bancrofti microfilaria transmitted
mosquito
How are microfilaria transmitted in general
mosquito bites
How does Elephantiasis cause limbs to swell?
tangled nests of Wucheria bancrofti infect lymphatic vessels causing fluid to gather
Nematodes generally have seperate/same sexed animals
seperate
Ascaris phylum
Nematoda
What do Ascaris worms infest
mammals
Ascaris have both a _ and _ pathway
digestive, respiratory
T/F Ascaris are all the same sex
F
Common animal that ingests Ascaris
puppies
Phylum Rotifera common term
Ciliated Wheel Animals
Rotifera are _coelomate
Pseudocoelomate
Rotifera have a _ body structure
bilateral
Where do Rotifera live
lakes and ponds around the water
How do Rotifera capture food
spinning ciliated corona
Rotifera are dominant female or male life cycle
female life cycle
Rotifera parthenogenesis produce _
eggs
When are Rotifera males produced
fall, for winter eggs
Many Trematoda have larvae in _ and _ forms
Miracidia, Cercariae
