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Bio 2 > Ch_41_Reproductive_System > Flashcards

Ch_41_Reproductive_System Flashcards

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1
Q

scrotum physical description

A

smooth muscle sac that houses testes away from body

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2
Q

why is scrotum elastic?

A

regulate temperature - further from body cools testes, close to body warms testes

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3
Q

what temperature does sperm develop at?

A

94 - 95 degrees F

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4
Q

where are sperm created?

A

testes

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5
Q

testes tubules where meiosis occurs

A

seminiferous tubules

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6
Q

number of sperm created each day

A

100 - 150 million

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7
Q

where in testes is testosterone produced?

A

interstitial cells

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8
Q

what stimulates testosterone creation

A

FSH

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9
Q

what gland does FSH get released from

A

pituitary gland

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10
Q

testes are covered with _ so host will avoid injury to them

A

neurons sensitive to pressure

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11
Q

Epididymus location

A

top of testes

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12
Q

number of days of sperm production located in Epididymis

A

10-14

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13
Q

what do the vas deferens connect

A

epididymus and prostate gland

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14
Q

T/F vas deferens are sperm ducts?

A

T

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15
Q

how do Vas Deferens transport sperm from epididymus to prostate gland?

A

smooth muscle contractions

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16
Q

What is cut by a vasectomy?

A

Vas Deferens

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17
Q

what does the Seminal Vesicles gland release into semen

A

fructose for nutrition for sperm, prostaglandins for stimulating smooth muscle contraction that propels sperm

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18
Q

what does the Prostate Gland release into semen

A

bicarbonate ions

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19
Q

why does the Prostate Gland release bicarbonate ions into semen?

A

the inside of a vagina is very acidic to kill pathogens, the bicarbonate ions nuetralize the acidity so that sperm can survive

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20
Q

how does the Prostate Gland help transport sperm through urethra?

A

muscular contractions

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21
Q

besides reproduction, what other major function does Prostrate Gland regulate?

A

urination

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22
Q

What does the Bulbourethral Gland secrete and where?

A

thick mucous, urethra

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23
Q

Why is thick mucous released in the urethra by the Bulbourethral Gland

A

neutralize vaginal acids and urethra lubrication so that semen can exit easier

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24
Q

male external genitalia for delivering semen into vagina

A

penis

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25
Q

urethra description

A

penis tube semen moves through

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26
Q

how is the penis erected when stimulated?

A

erectile tissues on sides of penis filled with blood

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27
Q

What is on the sperm head?

A

Acrosome and DNA

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28
Q

Acrosome role

A

penetration enzyme

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29
Q

What is on the sperm neck?

A

fructose attachment

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30
Q

another word for sperm tail

A

flagellum

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31
Q

what is the sperm flagellum made out of

A

protein microtubule fibers

32
Q

The female sperm is _, and the male sperm is _

A

X, Y

33
Q

What is produced at the ovaries?

A

eggs

34
Q

where are the ovaries located?

A

lower abdomen

35
Q

what is the approximate size of ovaries?

A

golf balls

36
Q

where does meiosis in ovaries occur?

A

follicle chambers

37
Q

typical rate of egg production for ovaries

A

28 days

38
Q

what hormone is created in the follicle cells?

A

estrogen

39
Q

what does the emptied follicle chamber become

A

Corpus Luteum

40
Q

What hormone is created in the Corpus Luteum

A

Progesterone

41
Q

Oviducts another term

A

Fallopian Tubes

42
Q

What do the Fallopian Tubes connect

A

ovary and uterus

43
Q

How long are typical Fallopian Tubes?

A

4 inches

44
Q

What are the ends of Fallopian Tubes called?

A

fimbriae

45
Q

What do Fallopian Tubes fimbriae resemble

A

fingers

46
Q

The Fallopian Tubes, Ovaries, or Uterus is where fertilization usually occurs?

A

Fallopian Tubes

47
Q

What is cut in tubal ligation

A

Fallopian Tubes

48
Q

Where is the uterus found?

A

lower abdomen

49
Q

Approximately what size is the uterus

A

baseball

50
Q

Common word for uterus

A

womb

51
Q

The Fallopian Tubes, Ovaries, or Uterus is where placenta attachment occurs?

A

Uterus

52
Q

The fertilized egg receives nutrition from _ while placenta grows

A

endometrium

53
Q

This lining is lost every month in menstruation if no pregnancy

A

endometrium

54
Q

The openining known as the _ is between the uterus and vagina

A

cervix

55
Q

T/F Before sperm can fertilize the egg, it must pass the cervix

A

T

56
Q

How large does the cervix become during labor

A

softball

57
Q

The female organ used in sexual intercourse

A

vagina

58
Q

Where does the vagina end internally

A

at the cervix, where it is seperated from uterus

59
Q

_ and _ line the vagina

A

acid releasing cells and mucous glands

60
Q

labia description

A

tissue layers that protect outside of vagina

61
Q

clitoris description

A

small erectile organ with many nerve endings that is used for sexual stimulation

62
Q

four main hormones that regulate menstrual cycle

A

FSH, LH, progesterone, and estrogen

63
Q

what does FSH stand for

A

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

64
Q

what does LH stand for

A

Lutenizing Hormone

65
Q

which gland secretes FSH

A

pituitary

66
Q

what structure produces estrogen

A

Ovary

67
Q

what structure produces LH

A

pituitary

68
Q

Ovulation stimulation synopsis from FSH release

A

pituitary releases FSH ->increased FSH concentration in blood stimulates ovary follicles to create estrogen -> increased estrogen concentration causes pituitary to stop releasing FSH and release LH -> LH leads to ovulation

69
Q

Corpus Luteum is a temporary or permanent gland

A

temporary

70
Q

what becomes the Corpus Luteum

A

the vacated follice that egg departed from

71
Q

What hormone does Corpus Luteum release

A

progesterone

72
Q

menstruation cycle from egg release

A

egg released from follicle -> vacated follicle becomes Corpus Luteum -> Corpus Luteum releases progesterone -> progesterone stops pituitary and ovary glands hormone release for a period of time giving chance for fertilization of egg -> egg not fertilized -> Corpus Luteum disintegrates -> progesterone concentration decreases -> pituitary no longer inhibited by progesterone -> FSH released -> endometrium removed

73
Q

pregnancy commencement from egg release

A

egg released from follicle -> vacated follicle becomes Corpus Luteum -> Corpus Luteum releases progesterone -> progesterone stops pituitary and ovary glands hormone release for a period of time giving change for fertilization of egg -> pregnancy -> progesterone concentration stays high for pregnancy duration

74
Q

permanent forms of contraception

A

Tubal Ligation, Vasectomy

75
Q

temporary forms of hormonal contraception

A

injections and birth control pills

76
Q

devices used for contraception

A

male/female condoms, daiphragm, IUD

77
Q

stated mechanism by which temporary contraception prevents conception

A

ovulation prevention (There are other mechanisms as well not stated in the slide. Such as changing the cervical mucous to limit sperm mobility. Also, it may thin the endometrium lining - which debatably prevents implantation during the instances where ovulation does occur and the egg is fertilized)

Bio 2 (17 decks)

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