Ch_41_Reproductive_System Flashcards
scrotum physical description
smooth muscle sac that houses testes away from body
why is scrotum elastic?
regulate temperature - further from body cools testes, close to body warms testes
what temperature does sperm develop at?
94 - 95 degrees F
where are sperm created?
testes
testes tubules where meiosis occurs
seminiferous tubules
number of sperm created each day
100 - 150 million
where in testes is testosterone produced?
interstitial cells
what stimulates testosterone creation
FSH
what gland does FSH get released from
pituitary gland
testes are covered with _ so host will avoid injury to them
neurons sensitive to pressure
Epididymus location
top of testes
number of days of sperm production located in Epididymis
10-14
what do the vas deferens connect
epididymus and prostate gland
T/F vas deferens are sperm ducts?
T
how do Vas Deferens transport sperm from epididymus to prostate gland?
smooth muscle contractions
What is cut by a vasectomy?
Vas Deferens
what does the Seminal Vesicles gland release into semen
fructose for nutrition for sperm, prostaglandins for stimulating smooth muscle contraction that propels sperm
what does the Prostate Gland release into semen
bicarbonate ions
why does the Prostate Gland release bicarbonate ions into semen?
the inside of a vagina is very acidic to kill pathogens, the bicarbonate ions nuetralize the acidity so that sperm can survive
how does the Prostate Gland help transport sperm through urethra?
muscular contractions
besides reproduction, what other major function does Prostrate Gland regulate?
urination
What does the Bulbourethral Gland secrete and where?
thick mucous, urethra
Why is thick mucous released in the urethra by the Bulbourethral Gland
neutralize vaginal acids and urethra lubrication so that semen can exit easier
male external genitalia for delivering semen into vagina
penis
urethra description
penis tube semen moves through
how is the penis erected when stimulated?
erectile tissues on sides of penis filled with blood
What is on the sperm head?
Acrosome and DNA
Acrosome role
penetration enzyme
What is on the sperm neck?
fructose attachment
another word for sperm tail
flagellum
what is the sperm flagellum made out of
protein microtubule fibers
The female sperm is _, and the male sperm is _
X, Y
What is produced at the ovaries?
eggs
where are the ovaries located?
lower abdomen
what is the approximate size of ovaries?
golf balls
where does meiosis in ovaries occur?
follicle chambers
typical rate of egg production for ovaries
28 days
what hormone is created in the follicle cells?
estrogen
what does the emptied follicle chamber become
Corpus Luteum
What hormone is created in the Corpus Luteum
Progesterone
Oviducts another term
Fallopian Tubes
What do the Fallopian Tubes connect
ovary and uterus
How long are typical Fallopian Tubes?
4 inches
What are the ends of Fallopian Tubes called?
fimbriae
What do Fallopian Tubes fimbriae resemble
fingers
The Fallopian Tubes, Ovaries, or Uterus is where fertilization usually occurs?
Fallopian Tubes
What is cut in tubal ligation
Fallopian Tubes
Where is the uterus found?
lower abdomen
Approximately what size is the uterus
baseball
Common word for uterus
womb
The Fallopian Tubes, Ovaries, or Uterus is where placenta attachment occurs?
Uterus
The fertilized egg receives nutrition from _ while placenta grows
endometrium
This lining is lost every month in menstruation if no pregnancy
endometrium
The openining known as the _ is between the uterus and vagina
cervix
T/F Before sperm can fertilize the egg, it must pass the cervix
T
How large does the cervix become during labor
softball
The female organ used in sexual intercourse
vagina
Where does the vagina end internally
at the cervix, where it is seperated from uterus
_ and _ line the vagina
acid releasing cells and mucous glands
labia description
tissue layers that protect outside of vagina
clitoris description
small erectile organ with many nerve endings that is used for sexual stimulation
four main hormones that regulate menstrual cycle
FSH, LH, progesterone, and estrogen
what does FSH stand for
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
what does LH stand for
Lutenizing Hormone
which gland secretes FSH
pituitary
what structure produces estrogen
Ovary
what structure produces LH
pituitary
Ovulation stimulation synopsis from FSH release
pituitary releases FSH ->increased FSH concentration in blood stimulates ovary follicles to create estrogen -> increased estrogen concentration causes pituitary to stop releasing FSH and release LH -> LH leads to ovulation
Corpus Luteum is a temporary or permanent gland
temporary
what becomes the Corpus Luteum
the vacated follice that egg departed from
What hormone does Corpus Luteum release
progesterone
menstruation cycle from egg release
egg released from follicle -> vacated follicle becomes Corpus Luteum -> Corpus Luteum releases progesterone -> progesterone stops pituitary and ovary glands hormone release for a period of time giving chance for fertilization of egg -> egg not fertilized -> Corpus Luteum disintegrates -> progesterone concentration decreases -> pituitary no longer inhibited by progesterone -> FSH released -> endometrium removed
pregnancy commencement from egg release
egg released from follicle -> vacated follicle becomes Corpus Luteum -> Corpus Luteum releases progesterone -> progesterone stops pituitary and ovary glands hormone release for a period of time giving change for fertilization of egg -> pregnancy -> progesterone concentration stays high for pregnancy duration
permanent forms of contraception
Tubal Ligation, Vasectomy
temporary forms of hormonal contraception
injections and birth control pills
devices used for contraception
male/female condoms, daiphragm, IUD
stated mechanism by which temporary contraception prevents conception
ovulation prevention (There are other mechanisms as well not stated in the slide. Such as changing the cervical mucous to limit sperm mobility. Also, it may thin the endometrium lining - which debatably prevents implantation during the instances where ovulation does occur and the egg is fertilized)
